SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Introversion, Psychological”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Relationships between suicidal behavior and personality types.

This study examined the hypotheses that introversion in general and the introverted-intuitive-feeling-perceiving (INFP) type as measured by the Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator are related to suicidal ideation and behaviors. Analyses of data from 330 university students found four interactive suicidal behavior risk models: introverted-perceiving (IP) (females); introverted-sensing-feeling (ISF) (males); introverted-intuitive-perceiving (INP) (males); extraverted-intuitive-judging (ENJ) (males). Study findings were interpreted in terms of implications for risk assessment and intervention.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Personality and risk of cognitive impairment 25 years later.

The authors examined the relationship between personality and cognitive impairment in 4,039 members of the Swedish Twin Registry. Neuroticism and extraversion scores were collected in 1973 at midlife, and cognitive impairment was assessed in the same group 25 years later. Data were analyzed with case-control and co-twin control designs. Greater neuroticism was associated with higher risk of cognitive impairment in the results from case-control, but not from co-twin, analyses. Compared with both extraversion and introversion, moderate extraversion was associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment in both case-control and co-twin designs, as was the combination of high neuroticism and low extraversion. Findings are discussed in the context of theories related to personality, psychological distress, arousal, and cognitive function.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Is salivary flow related to personality?

Studies conducted in the 1960s proposed that stimulated salivary flow was negatively correlated with the personality trait of introversion-extraversion such that introverted individuals were supposed to salivate more strongly to lemon-juice stimulation than were extraverts. The relationship was re-examined in the present study in light of more recent but inconsistent findings. A sample of 36 male and female volunteers showed no significant relationship between stimulated salivary flow and extraversion. Nor was flow related to State or Trait anxiety according to Spielberger's anxiety inventory, or to CNS activation as assessed by an objective electronic test. It was concluded that there was no evidence to relate stimulated salivary flow rates to personality in volunteers selected from a non-psychiatric population.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Personality and online/offline choices: MBTI profiles and favored communication modes in a Singapore study.

This study presents an initial investigation of the degree to which personality, as classified by the four dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) affects an individual's choice of online or offline means for conducting social interactions. Results yield some evidence that personality affects choice of online or offline options, with an especially significant correlation between online/offline choices and the dimension of Extraversion and Introversion. Significant results are also seen for the Judging-Perception and Thinking-Feeling dimensions, but the Sensing-iNtuition dimension showed no correlation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Note on the relationship between introversion-extraversion, field-dependence-independence and accuracy of visual target detection.

49 soldier-observers viewed 40 slides in which a stimulus soldier was identically posed in a constant background [corrected] but a different viewing distance (175, 200, 225, 2508 and 275 ft.) and viewing angles (14 degrees and 21 degrees, left and right) from the observer. Accuracy of target detection was compared with viewers' scores on the Hidden Shapes Test and the Maudsley Personality Inventory. Field-dependence-independence and extraversion-introversion were determined to be separately and jointly related to accuracy of target detection. The major effects were attributable to the notably poorer perfromance of Ss characterized of field-dependent extraverts.

Altitude↗

PubMed1977

Handwriting characteristics and their relationship to Eysenck's extraversion-introversion and Kagan's impulsivity-reflectivity dimensions.

Examined the relationship between certain handwriting characteristics and Eysenck's Extraversion-Introversion and Kagan's Impulsivity-Reflectivity personality dimensions. Using 46 female subjects, scores on the EPQ inventory and Matching Familiar Figures test were compared by factor analysis to the handwriting characteristics of: middle zone height; middle zone breadth; upper zone height; lower zone height; space between words; right margin breadth; left margin breadth; a general size measure; handwriting time; paragraph indention; slant. The factor analysis revealed three distinct writing styles: one related to Extraversion; another related to Introversion; and a final one related to Reflectivity. These findings were discussed in relation to statements made by graphologists. Also, the significance of trait-sign and factor analysis in comparison with other methods of graphoanalysis was discussed.

Cognition↗

PubMed1976

The California Psychological Inventory and the Semantic Differential dimensions.

The feasibility of describing first order factors and scales of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) by using the factors of the semantic differential and rated adjustment and introversion-extraversion was investigated in samples of 150 male and 80 female college students. Results indicated that both the semantic differential and the ratings significantly overlapped with the CPI, but that the degree of the relationship was not large enough to support the contention that the semantic differential factors are sufficient to describe completely what is being measured by the CPI. The relationships did prove useful, however, in further clarifying the nature of the CPI.

Dependency, Psychological↗

PubMed1990

Personality differences between patients with remitted melancholic and nonmelancholic depression.

Seventy-five patients with remitted depression were categorized as having melancholic-endogenous or non-melancholic-nonendogenous depression according to DSM-III criteria, Research Diagnostic Criteria, and the Newcastle endogeneity scale. The patients' scores on four personality scales--the Eysenck Personality Inventory, the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory, locus of control, and the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure--were then compared. Patients with nonmelancholic-nonendogenous depression were generally rated as having more vulnerable personality styles, but the differences were dependent on the particular diagnostic system used. A principal components analysis isolated three underlying personality constructs--dependency, introversion, and timidity. Patients with nonmelancholic-nonendogenous depression scored as significantly more dependent.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

[Psychological tests of patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis(author's transl)].

27 women with rheumatoid arthritis had elevated depression and social introversion scores in the Minnesota multiple phasic personality inventory (MMPI) tests, whereas their somatic activity appeared reduced. Age of the patient at time of investigation apparently had no influence on the degree of psychological changes, but was reflected in an increased social introversion. Most important for the degree of psychological impairment was the height of the ARA index, which correlated positively with the neurotic triad as well as the psychasthenia scale in the MMPI. An elevation of the neurotic triad is common in many somatic disease. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had an additional, introversion and depression, and decreased somatic activity.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed2000

Personality types of dental school applicants.

A questionnaire-based prospective study was carried out to measure the personality styles of students being interviewed for a place on the 1997/98 dental undergraduate course in Leeds, England. A total of 334 applicants attended for interview between November 1997 and March 1998, of which 311 anonymously and voluntarily completed a personality questionnaire. The Keirsey Temperament Sorter was used to measure the strength and nature of preferences along four dimensions: extroversion-introversion (E-I), sensing-intuition (S-N), thinking-feeling (T-F) and judging-perceiving (J-P). 4 personality types accounted for 79% of the students, 21% were divided among nine personality types with no type comprising more than 6.7% of the students. The remaining 3 possible personality types were not represented in this student population. Further comparisons revealed significant differences between this student sample and the general population in the judging-perceiving preference and also an intra-group gender difference with regard to the thinking-feeling (T-F) preference. A predominance of the S-J (sensing with judging) temperament type was also confirmed. Personality questionnaires may be a useful adjunct in the selection process of dental school applicants. The identification of a student's working and learning style preference has implications for both the dental undergraduate curriculum and the teaching methods employed by dental school staff.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Compliancy in splint-wearing behaviour of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Forty-six patients with rheumatoid arthritis affecting their hands were questioned to establish whether or not they complied with the medical specialist's instructions about wearing splints. Only one-third of the patients appeared to comply. A high extraversion score (measured on the EPI questionnnaire) identified half of the patients who did not comply. All patients scored significantly lower then the population norm on the introversion-extraversion dimension, indicating that this dimension may be involved in the psychosomatic aspect of rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Correlation of platelet MAO activity with introversion: a study on a German rural population.

Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and personality characteristics were correlated in a sample of 52 men (37 +/- SD 13 years) and 54 women (37 +/- SD 15 years) from a rural community. Personality characteristics were measured by using the Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar (FPI-A). In males, weak but significant linear correlations (Pearson product-moment and Spearman rank correlations) were found between platelet MAO activity (p-tyramine and benzylamine as substrates) and the extraversion/introversion dimension. In the females, however, there were no consistent significant correlations between MAO activity and FPI test scores. Comparing the top and bottom 25% of the platelet MAO distribution resulted in a significant difference for the second order factor extraversion in the group of men but not in the group of women. The significant correlation between MAO and introversion could not be attributed to cigarette smoking, food consumption, alcohol, or drugs. In accord with previous biochemical-behavior research, it is suggested that reduced platelet MAO activity may, to some extent, reflect an impulsive personality type.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Inter-individual differences in the human circadian system: a review.

Measurements of physiological, biochemical and psychological variables at two or more different times of day reveal substantial inter-individual differences. This paper reviews studies which have dealt with these differences in terms of the morningness-eveningness, personality (introversion-extraversion), age or sex of their subjects. Studies of individual differences in the response of the circadian system to disturbance (e.g. shift work) are also discussed. The most reliable differences were observed in association with the morningness-eveningness factor. From the studies reviewed here it appeared that several rhythm parameters covaried consistently as a function of morningness-eveningness, suggesting underlying differences in the intrinsic period of the circadian system. It is argued that the differences in rhythm parameters associated with the personality dimension of introversion-extraversion are the result of exogenous influences. The results with regard to age-related and sex-related differences were not sufficient to allow conclusions to be made.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[A correlation study of psychologic stress factors and cancer by stepwise and logistic regression analyses].

One hundred forty three pairs of cancer patients and healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Thirty four psychologic stress factors were analyzed by stepwise and logistic regressions to identify risk factors for cancer. At the level of significance of alpha = 0.05, F(10,120) = 1.91 and alpha = 0.01, F(10,120) = 2.47, 15 and 13 risk factors were entered into stepwise regression equation, respectively. By conditioned logistic regression analysis, the following five major correlated factors were revealed: introversive personality, family accidents, the ten-year turmoil, repeated mishaps and death of children. The results indicate that, among all the psychological stress factors studied, introversive personality is the most important predisposing factor in the causation of cancer. This study suggests that psychologic stress might play important part in the etiopathogenesis of human malignancies.

Case-Control Studies↗

PubMed2000

[Agreement between reports by the aged themselves and by their family members on physical and psychological status].

We examined the agreement between reports about physical and psychological status obtained from 286 community-dwelling elderly persons aged 65 years and over (subjects) and their family members (proxies). A total of 205 subject-proxy pairs were studied. Information from subjects was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire, and proxy respondents by an interview-administered questionnaire between Nov. 1997, and Feb 1998. Agreement was assessed by percent agreement and statistical kappa values. Percent agreement ranged from a low of 50.8 for anxiety to a high of 90.4 for difficult in swallowing. Kappa values ranged from a low of 0.21 for anxiety to a high of 0.67 for high frequency of falling. Median kappa values were higher in summary measure of physical status (0.52) than in that of psychological status (0.39). Compared to subjects, their partners tended to report higher level both in physical status and in psychological status, except for sleep compliance and introversion. The median kappa was 0.54 for spouses, whereas it was 0.39 for family members other than spouses. Overall, our finding indicated that partners could be aware of the concrete and directly-observable variables of physical status such as constipation, difficult in swallowing, but not so for subjective variables as psychological status such as depressed condition and introversion. Our results also suggested that the degree of agreement of proxy's perception and understanding of lifestyle of the elderly is closely related to health status of the elderly.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Cerebral blood flow and personality: a positron emission tomography study.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to describe brain regions associated with the personality dimension of introversion/extraversion. METHOD: Measures of cerebral blood flow (CBF) were obtained from 18 healthy subjects by means of [150]H20 positron emission tomography. Correlations of regional CBF with introversion/extraversion were calculated, and a three-dimensional map of those correlations was generated. RESULTS: Overall, introversion was associated with increased blood flow in the frontal lobes and in the anterior thalamus. Regions in the anterior cingulate gyrus, the temporal lobes, and the posterior thalamus were found to be correlated with extraversion. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study lend support to the notion that introversion is associated with increased activity in frontal lobe regions. Moreover, the study suggests that individual differences in introversion and extraversion are related to differences in a fronto-striato-thalamic circuit.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Values, personality, physical characteristics, and refractive error.

A questionnaire containing: (a) a questionnaire of physical characteristics associated with psychosomatic symptoms, (b) questions to determine the presence of myopia or hypermetropia but not the amount of error, (c) a shortened version of the Gough Adjective Check List, and (d) the Heist and Yonge Omnibus Personality Inventory were administered to 782 introductory psychology students attending Washington State University. This group consisted of 297 self-identified myopes (117 males, 180 females), 439 emmetropes (207 males, 232 females), and 46 hypermetropes (15 males, 31 females). Results indicated that myopes and nonmyopes differed from one another with respect to their value systems, personality, and physical characteristics as assessed by the components of the questionnaire. Differences in these characteristics were consistently found by all assessment techniques to exist most often between myopes and hypermetropes and between emmetropes and hypermetropes rather than between myopes and emmetropes. In general myopes exhibited a personality pattern of introversion, whereas hypermetropes maintained a pattern described as extroverted.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A psychological profile of subjects from industrial sectors with cardiovascular diseases interviewed via the H. J. Eysenck questionnaire].

Authors in the literature are unanimous in considering type A personality as an individual characteristic susceptible to cardiovascular risk. The latter, in its turn, is regarded, after H. J. Eysenck [4], as an association of the scores of extroversion and neurosis. Starting from this assumption, we set out to outline a profile of the cardiovascular patient using the "Eysenck" questionnaire. The study population included 126 industrial workers compared to a matching control set. The resulting profile displayed neurotic components within an ego perpetually frustrated in its needs of well-being, emotional satisfaction and rewarding social relations (-1,dark blue, Lüscher colour test in its shortened variant). Stress and introversion foster neuroticism and encourage the ego in its compulsive quest for autonomy, "eccentric" behaviour in actual situations and egocentric attitudes in reserve. Findings suggest that the "H. J. Eysenck" test for introversion-extroversion and neuroticism, as well as the Lüscher colour test (the shortened variant) are likely to be useful predictive tools in cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗