PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Liver function”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

New perspectives in biomonitoring liver function by means of serum bile acids: experimental and hypothetical biochemical basis.

The functional activity of the liver and the variety of its responses to injury makes the choice of appropriate tests of function a difficult task. Because of the highly efficient uptake of bile acids by the normal hepatocyte, the determination of serum bile acid (SBA) concentration has been proposed as a test to detect early changes of liver function not associated with cytotoxicity. Several biomonitoring studies have been carried out on subjects occupationally exposed to hepatotoxic substances, by evaluating SBAs as indicators of early liver dysfunction. Even though these studies are not exactly comparable because of the different protocols adopted, most of them show a significant increase in SBA concentrations among the exposed subjects compared with unexposed controls. Furthermore, higher prevalences of subjects with abnormal SBA concentrations occur in those exposed to mixtures of organic solvents. Increased SBA concentrations among the subjects exposed to various xenobiotics have been explained by assuming a change in function of hepatocytes. As regards the nature of the mechanisms involved in the increase in SBA concentrations, recent experimental observations pointed out that some chlorinated aliphatics were able to inhibit cell membrane ATPases and alter cytosolic calcium homeostasis. The lack of any relation, however, between exposure and SBA concentrations remains an important point to clarify and at present prevents the use of measurement of SBA concentrations as an index of effect.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Liver function assessed by increased rate of portal venous blood flow after oral intake of glucose.

OBJECTIVE: To find out whether an increased rate of portal venous blood flow after oral intake of glucose could be used to estimate liver function. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University hospital, Japan. SUBJECTS: Sixty patients, of whom 23 had hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis, 21 had tumours metastatic to normal liver, and 16 had obstructive jaundice treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). INTERVENTION: Portal flow was measured after oral intake of glucose 75 g using pulsed-Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS: The ratio of portal flow 30 minutes after glucose intake to that before intake (PVFR30) was significantly lower in cirrhotic patients than in those with metastases and a normal liver. A PVFR30 of less than 1.5 indicated impaired hepatic function assessed by the Child-Pugh scores, indocyanine green clearance test, prothrombin time, and hepaplastin test. It also indicated less reduction in total bilirubin concentrations in the first week after PTBD. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that PVFR30 can be used to estimate liver function and predict outcome after PTBD.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Effect of fenofibrate on lipoprotein(a) in hypertriglyceridemic patients: impact of change in triglyceride level and liver function.

We investigated the effect of fenofibrate on lipoprotein(a)levels in hypertriglyceridemic patients and the parameters relating to its effect. Patients with a triglyceride level >/=300 mg/dL or with a triglyceride level >/=200 mg/dL and a high density lipoprotein cholesterol level </=40 mg/dL were treated either with 200 mg of fenofibrate(Fenofibrate group, n = 56) or with general measures (Control group,n = 56). Lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured at baseline and 2 months. Baseline lipoprotein(a) levels were negatively correlated with triglyceride (r = 20.30, P = 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase levels (r = 20.24, P = 0.012). Fenofibrate therapy increased lipoprotein(a) level from 9.4 6 10.6 to 15.6 6 17.5 mg/dL (P = 0.000). The more triglyceride levels decreased, the more lipoprotein(a) levels increased in all subjects (r = 20.46, P = 0.000) and in Control (r =20.35, P = 0.008) and Fenofibrate groups (r = 20.35, P = 0.008). Fenofibrate elevated lipoprotein(a) level greater in patients with a normal liver function. When Fenofibrate group was divided into two subgroups according to the degree of percentage change in lipoprotein(a) level, change in triglyceride level and alanine aminotransferase level were independent predictors by forward logistic regression analysis. In summary, fenofibrate therapy increases lipoprotein(a) level,and this elevation is associated with change in triglyceride level and liver function.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Comparison between the oral and intravenous L-[1-13C]phenylalanine breath test for the assessment of liver function.

To simplify the L-[1-13C]phenylalanine breath test which is used to assess liver function the tracer is usually given orally, and CO2 production rate is estimated. In 12 healthy volunteers and 10 liver cirrhotics we compared the oral approach with i.v. tracer administration combined with measurement of individual CO2 production rate. The 13CO2/12CO2 enrichment was assessed by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. After i.v. [1-13C]phenylalanine application exhaled 13C recovery per minute peaked within 10 minutes (controls: 0.17 +/- 0.06%; cirrhotics: 0.05 +/- 0.02%, p < 0.01). The oral approach yielded comparable separation between 30-60 minutes, with average peak values being 0.18 +/- 0.03% and 0.06 +/- 0.03% (p < 0.01), respectively. Variable gastrointestinal resorption kinetics after oral application probably causes this difference.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl, and ketamine--6. Effects on postoperative liver function].

We have developed a new method of total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl, and ketamine, and have administered it to more than 700 surgical patients. We studied whether this method of anesthesia would influence postoperative liver function or not. A total of sixty elective surgical patients were the subjects of this study. Thirty patients underwent total hysterectomy under either the total intravenous anesthesia (15 patients) or modified neurolept-anesthesia with pentazocine (15 patients). The remaining 30 patients underwent gastrectomy under either this total intravenous anesthesia (15 patients) or enflurane-N2O anesthesia (15 patients). The hepatic function was evaluated as judged by s-GOT, s-GPT, ALP, gamma-GPT and total bilirubin levels, before anesthesia and during the first to third postoperative day. The patients for gastrectomy under enflurane-N2O anesthesia had significantly increased postoperative gamma-GPT levels compared with the patients of total intravenous anesthesia. Any other variables showed no significant difference among groups. We consider that this method of total intravenous anesthesia has no adverse effects on postoperative liver function as compared with other usual anesthetic methods.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed2002

Amphotericin B and liver function.

Amphotericin B is well established as a highly efficacious agent against systemic fungal infections in humans. The therapeutic potential of amphotericin B is limited due to its side effects. Although in clinical use for more than 35 years, impairment of liver function is not considered to be a typical adverse effect of amphotericin B. Experimental data suggest that the drug may interfere with the hepatic cytochrome P450 and may thus influence the metabolic capacity of the liver. A confirmation of such a finding in patients treated with amphotericin B would be of value. The incidence of severe acute or subacute hepatotoxicity in response to amphotericin B is very low. Frequently, in critically ill patients, it is not always clear whether liver abnormalities are caused by an antifungal agent or whether they are due to the critical condition of these patients. Nevertheless, there are experimental data suggesting that amphotericin B may influence the metabolic capacity of the liver. Accordingly, drug interactions during prolonged amphotericin B treatment seem possible. Careful monitoring of liver function in those patients receiving amphotericin B in combination with other drugs, which undergo hepatic metabolism or are potentially hepatotoxic, is recommended. In this review, the current understanding and knowledge of the clinical significance, detection, and possible pathogenesis of amphotericin-B-induced liver damage are presented. With respect to the current experimental data, the influence of the drug on the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 are also presented and discussed, as is the impact of several clinical studies using different amphotericin B formulas in humans.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

ICG pulse spectrophotometry for perioperative liver function in hepatectomy.

BACKGROUND: The indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test has been used to estimate liver functional reserve before hepatectomy. However, changes in ICG clearance after hepatectomy have not been investigated, and their extent remains unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The ICG(K) value, signifying the ICG elimination rate constant, was measured with pulse-dye densitometry before operation and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days postoperatively in 22 patients who underwent liver resection of various extent. CT volumetry was used to calculate the residual liver volume ratio. The relationship between the pre- and postoperative ICG(K) value and the residual liver volume ratio was examined statistically. RESULTS: There was a significant drop in ICG(K) value, from 0.193 +/- 0.011 before operation to 0.160 +/- 0.013 on Postoperative Day 1, and then it remained significantly low at the postoperative examination times. The residual liver volume ratio was 70.2 +/- 5.4%. The estimated ICG(K) value, calculated by the preoperative ICG(K) value and the residual liver volume ratio, showed a significant correlation with the actual postoperative value (r = 0.859 on Postoperative Day 1, P < 0.0001). In five patients with prolonged jaundice, the estimated ICG(K) value was significantly lower than in those without it (0.077 +/- 0.028 versus 0.153 +/- 0.012, P = 0.0136). CONCLUSIONS: The perioperative ICG(K) value measured by pulse-dye densitometry revealed a significant decrease in ICG(K) after operation depending on the reduction in liver volume, and the estimated ICG(K) based on the residual liver volume was useful in predicting postoperative morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Liver function in patients with pulmonary emphysema due to severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (Pi ZZ).

Alpha 1-Antitrypsin deficiency predisposes to pulmonary emphysema, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Anecdotal evidence and a large autopsy study suggest that severe lung and liver disease rarely coexist in the same subject, but this has not been studied in patients. Therefore we investigated 27 patients with severe alpha 1-deficiency (Pi ZZ) and pulmonary emphysema for signs of liver disease and impaired hepatic function. A subgroup of 7 patients underwent quantitative liver function tests. On physical examination or ultrasonography, cirrhosis or tumor was not suspected in any patient. Conventional liver function tests were completely normal in 17 patients. Elevated serum activities of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and/or aminotransferases were seen in 10 patients. In some, the elevation was only marginal and in none more than twice normal. The serum bilirubin concentration and activity of alkaline phosphatase were increased in 1 patient. Serum protein, albumin, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, alpha 1-fetoprotein concentrations, serum activities of cholinesterase and glutamate dehydrogenase, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were normal in all patients. The indocyanine green half-life was abnormal only in 1 of 6 patients, suggesting that hepatic blood flow was not impaired in the study group. However, the lidocaine half-life and galactose elimination capacity, parameters of hepatic metabolization, were impaired in 4 and 6 of 7 patients, respectively. We conclude that liver disease or impaired liver function is not a clinically relevant problem in most patients with pulmonary emphysema due to alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. But results of quantitative liver function tests, although performed in only a small group of patients, suggest that hepatic metabolization might be impaired even in those patients who present with pulmonary disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of prophylactic intraportal chemotherapy on liver function, blood profile and survival in patients with colo-rectal cancer].

Postoperative intraportal anti-cancer chemotherapy was used for 51 patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer who were selected in the randomized controlled study to evaluate its inhibitory effect on liver metastasis from colo-rectal cancer. In cases of intraportal chemotherapy, 30 mg of Mitomycin-C (in 3 doses) and 5 mg/kg (B.W.)/day (1985-1986) or 3 mg/kg/day (1987-1988) of 5-FU was injected through the catheter inserted into the portal vein during postoperative 14 days. In cases of the control group (58 patients), the same doses of the drugs were injected into the peripheral vein during the same term. Six patients with recurrences were observed in the intraportal chemotherapy group, and 3 of them had liver metastases. In the control group, more liver metastases were observed (5 of 7 recurrences were liver metastases). Intraportally injected 5 mg/kg/day of 5-FU slightly disturbed the liver function. The averages of the serum GOT, GPT and gamma-GTP level of these cases were higher than those of the control cases. Three mg/kg/day of intraportally injected 5-FU had no influence on the liver function. There were no differences in the incidence of leukocytopenia or thrombocytopenia between the two groups.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Effects of endotoxin tolerance on liver function after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat.

OBJECTIVE: It is known that endotoxin tolerance prevents lethality after ischemia/reperfusion injuries (e.g., myocardial infarction) in laboratory animals. We used a rat model of partial hepatic ischemia/reperfusion to investigate whether endotoxin tolerance prevents associated lethality and disorders of liver function. DESIGN: Prospective animal study. SETTING: University research facility. SUBJECTS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS: Hepatic ischemia was initiated by atraumatic clipping across the portal venous and hepatic arterial blood supply to the left lateral lobe for 90 mins. The common bile duct was canalized, and in a second set of experiments the bile duct of the left lateral lobe was canalized selectively. Bile flow, bile acids, and transaminases were determined during ischemia and 300 mins of reperfusion in endotoxin-tolerant and -nontolerant rats. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Endotoxin-nontolerant animals showed a 50% lethality after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injuries. All endotoxin-tolerant rats survived and did not react with any change in bile flow, showing a constant flow. The amount of bile acids in the common bile duct was reduced during ischemia and regained the concentrations of sham-operated animals 60 mins after reperfusion. From 180 mins after reperfusion, the difference between endotoxin-tolerant and -nontolerant animals was statistically significant. When bile acid concentration was determined in the ischemic left lateral lobe, ischemia/reperfusion was found to significantly decrease in endotoxin-nontolerant rats 60 mins after reperfusion. In contrast, endotoxin-tolerant rats produced normal amounts of bile acids 60 mins after reperfusion. At 120 mins after reperfusion, the amount of bile acids in the formerly ischemic left lateral lobe was more than normal. CONCLUSIONS: In this model of partial hepatic ischemia/reperfusion, endotoxin tolerance prevents ischemia/reperfusion injury-associated lethality and local disorders of liver function. This phenomenon induced by endotoxin tolerance may be useful in liver surgery to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Liver-function studies in heart-transplant recipients treated with cyclosporin A.

Cyclosporine (CsA) hepatotoxicity has been reported but has not been studied systematically. This study includes 17 patients undergoing heart transplantation (HTx) and being treated with CsA, azathioprine, and corticosteroids. We assessed liver function in these patients before HTx and during the following month by five biological tests: total bile acids (BA), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and total bilirubin in serum, and the aminopyrine breath test (ABT). With these tests we could classify the patients into three groups before HTx: normal (group I), mildly altered (group II), and severely altered (group III) liver function. During CsA therapy we did not observe any changes in any test results except for BA and GGT, and these only in group III. The ABT improved significantly in this group. During kinetic studies in patients without liver dysfunction, we confirmed a direct interference of CsA on BA secretion mechanism, but not the GGT increase, which remains to be explained.

Adolescent↗