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Results for “Methamphetamine”

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PubMed1998

[Abuse of "pheticol" and its interference to the analysis of methamphetamine].

The study was to eliminate interference from ephedrine in the analysis of methamphetamine. The extraction procedure for methamphetamine was modified to include an oxidation step (2 ml urine specimen was treated with 0.5 ml of 1 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and 0.5 ml 0.3 mol/L sodium periodate). Results showed that ephedrine could be oxidized in the presence of periodate ions into smaller fragments while leaving methamphetamine intact. It is recommended that specimens be treated with sodium periodate prior to extraction in order to eliminate any interference caused by ephedrine.

Central Nervous System Stimulants↗

PubMed2002

Acute liver failure following intravenous methamphetamine.

A 41-y-o Pakistani man presented with psychosis, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, and liver dysfunction approximately 6 h after i.v. injection of methamphetamine. Serum concentrations of methamphetamine and amphetamine on admission were 0.30 microg/mL and 0.04 microg/mL, respectively. Total serum bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations peaked on the 3rd hospital day at 8.6 mg/dL and 4155 IU/L, respectively, and gradually returned to normal with supportive care. The patient had no evidence of infectious hepatitis or intake of other drugs. Histologic examination of a liver biopsy specimen obtained on the 11th d showed confluent necrosis and ballooning degeneration in centrilobular zones. No inflammatory changes were seen in portal tracts. Liver damage can be a complication of illicit methamphetamine use, even in patients without viral infection or intake of other drugs.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[Studies on clinical features of nicotine dependence in comparison with those of alcohol and methamphetamine dependence using a two compartment model of drug dependence].

The purpose of the present study was to develop a new clinical evaluation form to compare the clinical features of nicotine dependence with those associated with alcohol and methamphetamine dependence, using a two compartment model consisting of "drug dependence" and "dependence syndrome". The evaluation form consisted of six scoring items: subjective effects, tolerance, drug liking, social disturbance, withdrawal syndrome, and acute psychic and acute physical disorders. "Drug dependence" was defined by positive scores on the "drug liking" item. "Dependence syndrome" was defined by positive scores on drug-induced pathological symptoms (withdrawal syndrome, and acute psychic and physical disorders) and social disturbance. The subjects were dependent on nicotine (n = 68), alcohol (n = 62), or methamphetamine (n = 55). All subjects met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for drug dependence. Nicotine produced a mild degree of drug liking and psychic withdrawal symptoms, but did not cause significant physical withdrawal symptoms, acute psychic or physical disorders or social disturbance. Alcohol and methamphetamine produced a moderate degree of drug liking and significant levels of withdrawal syndrome, acute disorders and social disturbance. Thus, in the present study, nicotine dependence differed from other forms of drug dependence in that nicotine was not associated with "dependence syndrome".

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Fatal postoperative arrhythmia in a man with a remote history of methamphetamine and cocaine use: a case report.

Long-term methamphetamine and cocaine use are associated with significant cardiovascular consequences. Despite these demonstrated associations, adverse effects that persist after cessation of drug use are difficult to establish. Cardiovascular pathology associated with long-term drug use may have subclinical presentations that persist long after cessation of drug use. In asymptomatic persons with a remote history of long-term methamphetamine or cocaine use, it may be prudent to assume existing subclinical cardiovascular pathology with positive methamphetamine or cocaine use history as a cardiac risk factor.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗

PubMed1999

[Vibration studies of amphetamine and methamphetamine by micro Raman].

For the first time, we obtained and investigated the Raman spectra of amphetamine and methamphetamine by micro Raman with incidence excitation light 514.5 nm under the ambient environment. According to the fact that both molecules belong to single substituted benzene which has the symmetry of Cy2v, the attribution of Raman vibration modes in amphetamine and methamphetamine molecules was carried out by studying the spectral lines in the two spectra. The Raman line that only appeared in methamphetamine but could not be seen in any other drugs we have investigated was most possibly attributed to the stretching vibration between C-N(+)-C.

Amphetamine↗

PubMed1992

Presumption of a history of methamphetamine abuse by postmortem analyses of hair and nails: a case report.

By sectional analyses of hair, pubic hair, fingernail and toenail of the descendent who had been a habitual abuser of methamphetamine, the drug was detected in each specimen and the drug concentration in the section containing root was higher than that in the other sections. However, no methamphetamine was detected in the other body fluids and tissues. It was considered that the decedent had used methamphetamine for about 18 months and that the dosage of the drug used for the last 10 days or so was relatively large though he had discontinued injecting the drug for 3-5 days.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Effects of calcium antagonists on the cocaine- and methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference.

The effects of calcium antagonists (nifedipine, flunaridine and diltiazem) on the cocaine- and methamphetamine-induced place preference were examined. Calcium antagonists alone induced neither place preference nor place aversion. Nifedipine markedly antagonized and flunarizine and diltiazem reduced the cocaine-induced place preference. The methamphetamine-induced place preference was reduced by nifedipine and diltiazem, but not by flunarizine. These results suggest the possibility that the cocaine-induced place preference is strongly influenced by dihydropyridine sensitive calcium channels, whereas the methamphetamine-induced place preference is not.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Methamphetamine abuse: medical and dental considerations.

Amphetamines are central nervous system stimulants with high abuse potential and intense physiological and psychological effects. Abuse of methamphetamine--a methyl derivative of amphetamine--has grown to epidemic proportions across the United States. Due to the characteristic signs of methamphetamine abuse that appear in the oral cavity dentists should have a heightened awareness of the medical and dental issues surrounding this dangerous behavior. Moreover, recognition and proper referral to treatment should be a part of every provider's plan for preventing the devastating psychological, oral, and overall systemic effects of methamphetamine abuse.

Amphetamine-Related Disorders↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Meth mouth: a review of methamphetamine abuse and its oral manifestations.

Illicit methamphetamine use is reported widely by news media and discussed increasingly among scholars, clinicians, and members of civic and law enforcement organizations and legislative bodies. This article examines the phenomenon of methamphetamine abuse, including its extent, its effects on both users and society, and its implications for dentistry. Meth mouth refers to a pattern of oral signs and symptoms of methamphetamine abuse, thought to include rampant caries and tooth fracture, leading to multiple tooth loss and edentulism.

Central Nervous System Stimulants↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Methamphetamine use in urban gay and bisexual populations.

It is estimated that the use of methamphetamine is 5- to 10-times more common in urban gay and bisexual men than in the general US population. Given its effects in stimulating energy, confidence, and libido, as well as its relative inexpensiveness, the drug can efficiently address serious problems in functioning among HIV-infected men, who may suffer significant symptoms of depression or fatigue associated with chronic illness and HIV-related drug treatments. Long-term methamphetamine use is associated with physical, psychologic, and social adverse effects. Increased use of the drug associates with more frequent sexual risk behaviors and increased risks for HIV transmission. Behavioral therapies, notably the approach of contingency management, are being investigated for reducing methamphetamine use and risk behaviors in the urban gay population.

Amphetamine-Related Disorders↗

PubMed2006

Methamphetamine and HIV.

When the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene announced in January 2005 that a gay man in his forties had become infected with a multidrug-resistant "superstrain" of HIV and had progressed to AIDS within a few months, much was made of the man's use of methamphetamine. The case highlighted two important aspects of the intersection of methamphetamine use and HIV. First is the fairly well-established role the drug can play in facilitating new infections by lowering users' inhibitions and encouraging sexual practices that increase the risk of HIV transmission. The second aspect is the idea that methamphetamine somehow speeds up the HIV disease process. There is little evidence of a direct interaction between meth and HIV that accelerates immune decline, but meth use can undermine the general health of the user. There is also a growing body of evidence that meth's harmful effects on the brain may be exacerbated in people with HIV, and that many HIV-related neurological impairments may be worsened by meth use.

Amphetamine-Related Disorders↗

PubMed2006

The COMT Val158Met polymorphism is associated with novelty seeking in Czech methamphetamine abusers: preliminary results.

OBJECTIVES: Measurable traits of human personality may mark the predisposition to psychopathology. Increased novelty seeking plays an important role in the pathogenesis of substance abuse. Novelty seeking, one of the fundamental traits of the human temperament, is related to dopamine. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is essential for dopamine inactivation. The aim of our study was to assess whether the COMT gene Val158Met functional polymorphism in patients dependent on methamphetamine is related to their novelty seeking score. METHODS: Patients dependent on methamphetamine who had been treated at the Addiction Treatment Unit in Nechanice in 2004 and 2005 agreed to participate in the investigation. We administered the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) questionnaire, assessed their novelty seeking score and analysed their DNA samples for COMT Val158Met genotype. RESULTS: The subjects were thirty-seven Czech Caucasians (women N=10) dependent on methamphetamine with an average age of 23.6+/-3.8 years. We found a significantly higher mean novelty seeking score among the patients with the Met allele (Met/Met homozygotes+Val/Met heterozygotes; N=28) than in nine Val/Val homozygotes (27.4 vs 24.1; p=0.042, Two-Sample T-Test). CONCLUSION: The Met allele of the COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism is associated with low COMT enzyme activity and high endogenous dopamine synaptic levels in the prefrontal cortex. This leads to a decrease in dopaminergic neurotransmission in nucleus accumbens and a need for an increased activity to stimulate it. Novelty seeking behavior corresponds with this need.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[3 fatalities after communal use of methamphetamine].

Two young men and a 17-year-old girl gathered in order to take methamphetamine, the quantity of which remained unknown. After a short time one of the men died on the scene; the other man, who was alcoholized in addition to having taken methamphetamine, fell over a railing from a height of several metres and suffered severe injuries before dying. The girl, who left for home by taxi, collapsed and died in a hospital about 2 hours later. Methamphetamine was detected in the blood of all three people. The autopsy results and the toxicological findings are reported and discussed with reference to the literature data.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Secondary development of psychological dependence in a methamphetamine dependent].

A case of methamphetamine dependence was presented, who had used a large amount of the drug for a long time during both of the first and the second period of its prevalence. He led a socially and psychologically stable life with neither drug habits nor episodes of flash-back phenomenon in 20's and 30's of his age. While in the former period of the prevalence, visual illusion had occurred in him 3 months after the first injection of the drug, in the latter, auditory hallucination occurred in a month after the initiation of the reinjection. This hallucination was so invasive and persistent that he became insomniac and could not keep stable daily life. Recently the auditory hallucination has disappeared by the reinjection of the drug, resulting in releasing him from the sufferings like insomnia, and then promoting the drug use more frequently. Even at the law court to decide the penalty against his illegal drug use, he recurrently insisted that methamphetamine was his necessity in order to be freed from the hallucination and keep stable daily life. He declared his intention not to abandon his drug habit in spite of any punishments. On the central nervous system (CNS) depressants such as the morphine- and barbiturate-type drug, the psychological dependence is brought about secondarily by the mechanism to avoid the withdrawal symptoms. On the other hand, the secondary development of psychological dependence through avoidance of the chronic toxicity by the acute drug effect itself, should be considered as one of the characteristics of the CNS stimulants like methamphetamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Hallucinations↗

PubMed1991

Estimation of optically active methamphetamine and amphetamine using alpha-methoxy-alpha-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride.

A simple analytical method for determination of optically active amphetamine and methamphetamine using (+)-alpha-methoxy-alpha-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride (MTPA-Cl) was developed. The method was found to be useful for determining the absolute configuration and optical purity. The results obtained using the capillary GC method agreed well with those of the NMR method. The absolute configuration for illegally used methamphetamine was the (S) form and its optical purity was greater than 99% enantiomeric excess. Racemic amphetamine was found to be resolved into optically active (S)-methamphetamine by barley roots.

Amphetamine↗

PubMed1990

Methamphetamine in psychiatric emergencies.

This study examines the clinical characteristics of patients with methamphetamine-induced organic mental disorders that were seen in a psychiatric emergency service. This was a highly dysfunctional group, requiring psychiatric hospitalization in 90% of cases. The most consistent clinical feature was the presence of an organic delusional syndrome, with paranoid ideation and hallucinations. Methamphetamine abusers were also unique in their propensity for violence; 43% of the group had clear histories of aggression towards others. The increasing use of methamphetamine together with its ability to produce severe dysfunction is a major concern of professionals and communities alike in terms of treatment [corrected].

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Methamphetamine. Stimulant of the 1990s?

During the past several years, the use of a smokable form of methamphetamine hydrochloride called "ice" has increased rapidly. The heaviest use has occurred on the West Coast and in Hawaii. Many regional emergency departments treat more methamphetamine users than cocaine-intoxicated patients. The ease of synthesis from inexpensive and readily available chemicals makes possible the rampant abuse of a dangerous drug that can produce a euphoria similar to that induced by cocaine. Clinicians should be familiar with the medical effects and treatment of acute methamphetamine toxicity.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of chronic administration of haloperidol, methamphetamine or cocaine on "wet-dog shakes" elicited by stimulation of the rat hippocampus.

We investigated the effect of chronic administration of haloperidol, methamphetamine or cocaine on wet-dog shakes (WDS), as induced by hippocampal stimulation. Although haloperidol, in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, led to a marked reduction in the number of WDS, a reversion to the control level occurred after administration of haloperidol for 2 weeks. A single administration of methamphetamine and cocaine had no effect on the WDS. The total number of WDS did not change when methamphetamine was administered for 2 weeks and the hippocampus was stimulated 30 min after the last administration. However, the number of WDS after the repeated administration of cocaine was significantly decreased. We tentatively conclude that the hippocampal stimulation-induced WDS may be closely related with dopaminergic functions.

Animals↗