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PubMed1982

[Transvesical prostatectomy and its complications].

Seven hundred and fifty transvesical prostatectomies are evaluated from the aspect of complications. The method is used for the removal of adenomas of more than 30 g weight. Consequently, it is considered important to exactly determine the size of the adenoma and its relation to the neighbouring organs. The decrease in the number of complications, as well as the shorter time of operation and of postoperative care are attributed to the surgical method modified by the authors which involves the use of synthetic multifilament continuous suture pulling together the edges of the base of the prostate, a three-bore catheter placed with its balloon into the bladder, washing of the bladder in a closed system, mobilization of the patient on the first postoperative day, application of easily absorbed synthetic threads and early removal of the catheter. In order to lower the number of complications, the importance of the properly chosen anaesthesia is stressed.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

GPR-phoresis, a novel approach to determining fibrin monomer and other macromolecular derivatives of fibrinogen and fibrin in blood.

An electrophoretic method for determining (i) cross-linked fibrin-complexes, (ii) fibrin-monomer, (iii) fibrinogen-dimers, (iv) normal fibrinogen and (v) degradation products in plasma, has been devised. The technique is based on differences in their migration characteristics in the presence and absence of Gly-Pro-Arg (GPR), a specific inhibitor of fibrin aggregation. In buffer containing 2.5 mM GPR, fibrin monomer and fibrinogen co-migrate anodally, but, unlike fibrinogen which does not depend on GPR for solubility, the fibrin monomers precipitate when they traverse a boundary between buffer containing and buffer lacking GPR. By limiting the GPR to a 2 cm zone of buffer under the conditions employed, the precipitation of fibrin monomer occurs in a sharp band 4 mm anodally to the sample application point. Cross-linked fibrin complexes have slower mobility than fibrin monomer and precipitate in a broad band behind the monomer. Dimeric fibrinogen, like fibrinogen itself but unlike the fibrin complexes, is not constrained to migration within the GPR boundary and passes through it, but behind the band for normal fibrinogen due to sieving by the gel. Fibrinogen and all but low molecular weight degradation products can be specifically precipitated within electrophoregrams by heat denaturation at 47 degrees C. After washing unrelated protein away, the fibrin(ogen) derivatives can be measured by staining with Coomassie blue. Since the method does not depend on immunoprobing for specific staining, it provides an inexpensive and rapid means for differential assessment of the prevalence of the fibrinogen derivatives in disease states and in models of disease, regardless of animal species.

Electrophoresis↗

PubMed1996

Lasers in surgery for chronic ear disease.

This article describes specific situations in which the laser has been found to be useful in surgery for chronic ear disease. In the opinion of the authors, the most important application is the atraumatic removal of cholesteatoma from a mobile stapes. Additional uses include precise and hemostatic removal of diseased tissue (polyps, granulations, adhesions) and manipulations upon an intact ossicular chain without induction of vibrational trauma. Potential complications such as facial nerve and inner ear injury are considered.

Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear↗

PubMed1997

Carpal bone titanium implant arthroplasty. 10 years' experience.

In 1984, in an effort to address the silicone wear particle problem, titanium implants were developed for the scaphoid, lunate, and trapeziometacarpal joint. The design of these implants closely resembled their silicone counterparts, though some modifications were made to accommodate the properties of unalloyed titanium and enhance their stability. Carpal bone implants act as articulating spacers to help maintain the relationship of adjacent carpal bones after local resection procedures. Their use allows carpal stabilization procedures and provides functional mobility with good strength and pain relief. Their surgical application began in 1985. The 10-year clinical experience seems very promising to date.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Sustained gene expression in retrovirally transduced, engrafting human hematopoietic stem cells and their lympho-myeloid progeny.

Inefficient retroviral-mediated gene transfer to human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and insufficient gene expression in progeny cells derived from transduced HSC are two major problems associated with HSC-based gene therapy. In this study we evaluated the ability of a murine stem cell virus (MSCV)-based retroviral vector carrying the low-affinity human nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) gene as reporter to maintain gene expression in transduced human hematopoietic cells. CD34(+) cells lacking lineage differentiation markers (CD34(+)Lin-) isolated from human bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood were transduced using an optimized clinically applicable protocol. Under the conditions used, greater than 75% of the CD34(+) cell population retained the Lin- phenotype after 4 days in culture and at least 30% of these expressed a high level of NGFR (NGFR+) as assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. When these CD34(+)Lin-NGFR+ cells sorted 2 days posttransduction were assayed in vitro in clonogenic and long-term stromal cultures, sustained reporter expression was observed in differentiated erythroid and myeloid cells derived from transduced progenitors, and in differentiated B-lineage cells after 6 weeks. Moreover, when these transduced CD34(+)Lin-NGFR+ cells were used to repopulate human bone grafts implanted in severe combined immunodeficient mice, MSCV-directed NGFR expression could be detected on 37% +/- 6% (n = 5) of the donor-type human cells recovered 9 weeks postinjection. These findings suggest potential utility of the MSCV retroviral vector in the development of effective therapies involving gene-modified HSC.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

The role of wireless technology in home care delivery.

Health care delivery is changing drastically. In its current state it tends to use the home care model in order to increase quality of life, to rationalize costs and to achieve wellness. Pivotal to these purposes are contact centers, which act as mediators between the medical staff and the citizens seeking advice and/or therapy. Main platforms used for the development of such applications are the INTERNET and PCs, and the telecommunication networks, including mobile solutions. In this paper, a generic contact center model shall be presented, which is under development in the context of an IST European project in health telematics entitled â Distance Information Technologies for Home care. The Citizen Health System (CHS)'. After the description of this generic contact center, an application for health care delivery to diabetic patients shall be described. In this application we shall see the possible use of the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) scheme. This application proves the usefulness of wireless technology in providing health care services all around the clock and everywhere the citizen is located, it shows the necessity for restructuring the medical knowledge for education delivery to the patient, and it shows the virtue of interactivity by means of using the limited, yet useful browsing capabilities of the WAP technology.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1997

Nucleoprotein gel electrophoresis for the analysis of nucleosomes and their positioning and mobility on DNA.

Nucleoprotein gel electrophoresis, as well as its use in chromatin research, is reviewed from its early application in the characterization of native nucleosome composition to current uses in analyzing transcription factor-nucleosome complexes and in visualizing multiple nucleosome positioning. Despite our incomplete understanding of the principles behind the separation of particles in native polyacrylamide, gels, powerful new applications of the method have emerged in recent years. This offers the potential for novel experimental strategies, such as those that have led to the discovery of nucleosome mobility.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Effect of long-term fertilization practices on mobility of phosphorus in a Huangnitu paddy soil receiving low P input in the Taihu Lake region, Jiangsu Province].

Analysis of mobile forms of phosphorus of a Huangnitu, a typical paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region, Jiangsu was conducted. The soil has been put into a scheme of longterm fertilization treatments for 13 years. Total P content varied in arrange of 0.3-0.5 g.kg-1 under a range of total P fertilizer input of 0-53 kg/(hm2.a). As estimated from the total P pool values by mass balance principle, the soil had been subjected to water loss of P 2-8 kg/(hm2.a), with that under chemical fertilizers only being the biggest. The ratio of soluble P to the total was in a range of 0.2%-0.4%, without significant influence by the different fertilization schemes. While chemical fertilizer plus pig slurry manure applications had remarkably enhanced the resin-P pool by 20-40 mg.kg-1, P mobilization was not observed due to combined application of chemical fertilizers and straw amendments despite of the increase of the SOM. Therefore, P water loss in paddy soils might have active under continuous chemical fertilization alone in agriculture of this region and could not be accounted for by dissolution in water and subsequent runoff migration. For reducing the present prominent non point source pollution of N and P in the region, it is suggested that chemical fertilizers are applied in combination with an appropriate amount of manure or straw return for reducing soil P loss and, in turn, the non-point source pollution loading.

Crops, Agricultural↗

PubMed1999

ESI/ion trap/ion mobility/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for rapid and sensitive analysis of biomolecular mixtures.

An ion trap/ion mobility/time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique is shown to be a rapid and sensitive means of analyzing peptide/protein mixtures. In this approach, an ion trap is used to accumulate ions that have been electrosprayed from a mixture into concentrated packets. The ion packets are injected into a drift tube where components of the mixture are separated based on differences in mobility through a buffer gas. Ions that exit the drift tube are dispersed in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for mass-to-charge (m/z) determination. The gas-phase separation strategy reduces congestion in the mass spectrum, and experimental mobilities complement m/z measurements in assigning peaks. Examples of the application of the approach to identification of peptides (from tryptic digests) and to separation of charge-state distributions from electrospray of a mixture containing ubiquitin and myoglobin are presented. Most peptides that are observed from tryptic digests of proteins such as cytochrome c and myoglobin can be identified from data that are acquired in under 1 min; studies of mixtures with known compositions indicate that detection limits are approximately 0.5-3 pmol for individual components. Factors that may influence the distributions that are observed, such as storage time in the trap, injection voltages used for the mobility experiment, and variations in ion cross section with charge state, are discussed.

Cytochrome c Group↗

PubMed1993

Excess divalent cations activate Ca(2+)-mobilizing receptors in pancreatic acinar cells.

In single, enzymatically dissociated, rat pancreatic acinar cells, external application of excess divalent cations (Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Ni2+ and Mg2+ over 50 mM) induced Ca(2+)-dependent current responses monitored with the whole-cell recording technique. Inclusion of either EGTA, heparin or GDP[beta S] in the internal solution or treatment of acinar cells with a phorbol ester abolished the divalent-cation-induced responses. In contrast, internal inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) or GTP[gamma S] potentiated the responses. The results indicate that excess divalent cations activate membrane surface receptors or receptor/effector complexes, thereby inducing InsP3-mediated Ca2+ mobilization. The mechanism may be due to modulation of the receptors by changes in electrical profile through indirect action of divalent cations on membrane surface charges, i.e. neutralization of anionic charges. This proposal was supported by the evidence that the trivalent cation, La3+, and the polyvalent cation, protamine, both at much lower concentrations, could induce Ca(2+)-dependent responses, which were abolished by internal application of heparin, GDP[ beta S] or a high concentration of EGTA or by protein kinase C activation with a phorbol ester.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed2006

Development of a capillary electrophoretic method for the analysis of low-molecular-weight amines from metal working fluid aerosols and ambient air.

A method for the determination of low-molecular-weight amines from indoor and ambient air was developed using a concentration device followed by CE coupled with indirect spectrophotometric and mass spectrometric detection that enables a reliable, rapid-response and easy-to-operate method. In indirect detection method, the selected amines were separated from interfering metal ions and amino alcohols present in the samples with an imidazole-based buffer with ethanol and EDTA as modifier. By replacing imidazole with ammonium, the final buffer was applicable for MS detection for the analytes with m/z higher than 50. A novel monolithic polymer material based on poly(methacrylate-acrylate) copolymer was developed for sampling short-chain amines from the gaseous phase. The selected analysis conditions were applied to quantify the selected short-chain amines with detection limits for the whole procedure determined between 1 and 2 microg/filter when 40 L air was sampled with 1 L/min velocity. Improved linearity and precision were obtained when the raw, time-scaled electropherogram data were transformed into mobility-scale applied for the determination of the performance characteristics of the methods. The applicability of the process of data transformation into the mobility scale was demonstrated by studying the matrix effect of water-miscible metal working fluid (stable water-oil emulsion) and of ambient air as real samples. CE-indirect UV and CE-MS, combined with the possibility of rapid air sampling, can be useful for the estimation of short-term exposure of the selected biogenic amines.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed2006

Nutrient and trace element leaching following mine reclamation with biosolids.

Mine reclamation with biosolids increases revegetation success but nutrient addition well in excess of vegetation requirements has the potential to increase leaching of NO3 and other biosolids constituents. A 3-yr water quality monitoring study was conducted on a Pennsylvania mine site reclaimed with biosolids applied at the maximum permitted and standard loading rate of 134 Mg ha(-1). Zero-tension lysimeters were installed at 1-m depth 1 yr before reclamation: three in the biosolids application area, one in a control area (no biosolids). Before reclamation, all water samples had pH in the range 4.7 to 6.2, acidity < 20 mg L(-1), and very low levels of all other measured parameters. Following reclamation, percolate water in the biosolids-treated area had lower pH and greater acidity than the control area. Acidity was greatest during the first winter following biosolids application, decreased during the spring, and showed a similar pattern but with much smaller concentrations the second year. Maximum first- year leachate NO3 concentrations were approximately 300 mg L(-1) and half as large the second year. Estimated inorganic N leaching loss during the first 2 yr after biosolids application was 2327 kg N ha(-1). Aluminum, Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn followed similar leaching patterns as did acidity, and their mobilization appeared to be the result of the increased acidity. These results indicate that large applications of low-C/N-ratio biosolids could negatively impact area water quality and that biosolids reclamation practices should be modified to reduce this possibility.

Environmental Monitoring↗

PubMed1998

A stimulator with wireless power and signal transmission for implantation in animal experiments and other applications.

Functional electrical stimulation in alert experimental animals is often hampered, as free mobility of the animals is limited by the leads. On the other hand, portable devices carrying the power supply are not always accepted by the animal. For wireless transmission of power and stimulus code a system designed for implantation is described below. The power for the implant is supplied inductively by a rotating magnetic field. The stimulation signal is radio-transmitted by FM in the 140 MHz range and processed by the implant. Finally, a current source is driven for electrical stimulation. The present design is intended to be used for electrical cochlear stimulation. However, the circuit can also be used for other types of functional electrical stimulation.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Emerging clinical applications of RNA.

RNA is a versatile biological macromolecule that is crucial in mobilizing and interpreting our genetic information. It is not surprising then that researchers have sought to exploit the inherent properties of RNAs so as to interfere with or repair dysfunctional nucleic acids or proteins and to stimulate the production of therapeutic gene products in a variety of pathological situations. The first generation of the resulting RNA therapeutics are now being evaluated in clinical trials, raising significant interest in this emerging area of medical research.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed2005

[Production of HMGN2 polyclonal antibody by immunization with recombinant GST-HMGN2 fusion protein and its application to analysis of HMGN2 distribution in human monocytes].

OBJECTIVE: To prepare high mobility group chromosomal protein N2 (HMGN2) polyclonal antibodies and determine the subcellular localization of HMGN2 in human monocytes. METHODS: The recombinant prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-1lambdaT-HMGN2 was constructed and E. coli-based product of GST-HMGN2 fusion protein was prepared and used to immunize rabbit for producing the anti-serum against HMGN2. The polyclonal antibodies were partially purified by caprylic acid and ammonium sulfate precipitation. The titter of specific polyclonal antibodies against HMGN2 was detected by ELISA. The immunocytochemical staining was performed to determine the distribution of HMGN2 in THP-1 cells. RESULTS: Gel electrophoresis of the enzyme-digested recombinant plasmid and the DNA sequencing confirmed that the recombinant prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-1lambdaT-HMGN2 was correctly constructed. After IPTG induction, the recombinant-transformed E. coli produced a bulk of GST-HMGN2 fusion protein. The polyclonal antibodies to HMGN2 was obtained from the serum of rabbit immunized with GST-HMGN2 fusion protein and its ELISA titer was 1:2000. The immunocytochemistry staining indicated that when stimulated with LPS, HMGN2 was present not only in THP-1 nucleus but also in the cytoplasm. The presence of HMGN2 was also detected in the culture supernatant. CONCLUSION: This result suggests that recombinant peptide fusion protein could be used to produce peptide antibody. HMGN2 could be present in the cytoplasm of monocytes and release to the extracellular environment when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Diacylglycerol modulates action potential frequency in GH3 pituitary cells: correlative biochemical and electrophysiological studies.

We have investigated the involvement of enhanced phosphoinositide metabolism in mediating TRH-induced alteration of electrophysiological events related to prolactin secretion by GH3 cells (a line of pituitary origin). Patch-clamp recording (in the current clamp, whole-cell configuration) showed that a few seconds after TRH application there was a brief period (about 30 s) of membrane hyperpolarization followed by several minutes of increased calcium-dependent action potential frequency. In parallel experiments cells were labeled for 24 h with either [3H]myo-inositol or [3H]arachidonate. Application of TRH resulted in rapid increases in levels of inositol phosphates and diacylglycerol. The time course of elevation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (maximal by 5 s) is compatible with an initial burst of intracellular calcium mobilization associated with a transient phase of TRH-induced prolactin release. Application of TRH was also followed by a rapid but more sustained (several minutes) period of elevated diglyceride accumulation; a time course corresponding to a prolonged period of prolactin release which is dependent on the influx of external calcium. A causal relationship between diglyceride release and increased action potential frequency was demonstrated since local application (via a U-tube apparatus) of either 2 microM phorbol ester (phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) or 60 microM 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol to patch-clamped cells could mimic this aspect of the TRH effect. In contrast, the inactive phorbol ester, 4 alpha-phorbol, was unable to elicit this response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1990

[Manifestations of the mobility of sensory neurons of the spinal ganglion after stimulation of its peripheral receptors].

The body of sensory neurons in the frog spinal ganglion++ possesses an active mobility. This is demonstrated as pulsation and changes in its form. The mobility is closely connected with electrogenesis of cells. When an irritation is applied (press of a needle, or application of acetylcholine on the urinary bladder receptors), the neurons of the node respond with an increasing rate of impulse activity. Simultaneously, the mobility of these neurons increases. The character and form of their mobility in response to mechano- and chemoirritation differ from each other. Possible mechanisms of connection between the form of the cell body mobility and the character (active or passive) of its electrogenesis are considered. The mobility of the neurons, together with other morphological signs (tinctorial peculiarities and some others) can serve as an indication of their functional state without application of electrodes in morphological experiments.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed2001

Knee joint mobilization reduces secondary mechanical hyperalgesia induced by capsaicin injection into the ankle joint.

Joint mobilization is a treatment approach commonly used by physical therapists for the management of a variety of painful conditions. However, the clinical effectiveness when compared to placebo and the neurophysiological mechanism of action are not known. The purpose of this study was to establish that application of a manual therapy technique will produce antihyperalgesia in an animal model of joint inflammation and that the antihyperalgesia produced by joint mobilization depends on the time of treatment application. Capsaicin (0.2%, 50 microl) was injected into the lateral aspect of the left ankle joint and mechanical withdrawal threshold assessed before and after capsaicin injection in Sprague-Dawley rats. Joint mobilization of the ipsilateral knee joint was performed 2 h after capsaicin injection for a total of 3 min, 9 min or 15 min under halothane anaesthesia. Control groups included animals that received halothane for the same time as the group that received joint mobilization and those whose limbs were held for the same duration as the mobilization (no halothane). Capsaicin resulted in a decreased mechanical withdrawal threshold by 2 h after injection that was maintained through 4 h. Both 9 and 15 min of mobilization, but not 3 min of mobilization, increased the withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli to baseline values when compared with control groups. The antihyperalgesic effect of joint mobilization lasted 30 min. Thus, joint mobilization (9 or 15 min duration) produces a significant reversal of secondary mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intra-articular injection of capsaicin.

Animals↗