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PubMed2006

The pollution load by nitrogen and phosphorus in the Jadro River.

The objective of the investigations of the Jadro River, located in Croatia, was to estimate the nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the Jadro River spring and its streamflow by calculating the load in kg/day or tons/year and to compare this with the load for the maximum allowed concentrations (MAC) for drinking water (Official Bulletin, No 46/94) expressed in kg/day or tons/year. Daily pollution loads at the Jadro River spring for total N ranged from 0 to 304 kg, for NH3-N from 0 to 38 kg, for NO3-N from 0-1321 kg and for PO4-P from 0-92 kg in the period from September 1993 to September 2003. When compared with MAC loads the results prove that the Jadro River spring is not polluted by nitrogen compounds and phosphorus. The average annual load for total N ranged from 10 to 33 t, for NH3-N from 0.25 to 5.15 t, for NO3-N from 40 to 190 t, and for PO4-P from 0.3 to 11.5 t. The nitrogen compounds and phosphorus loads vary from one year to another without any constant decreasing or increasing trends. The annual average loads compared with the average annual MAC loads (especially for NH3-N and PO4-P) show that there were no threats of constant pollution of the spring. The loads for total N and PO4-P along the Jadro River flow from the spring to the fishpond entrance were monitored over a five year period from September 1999 to September 2004. The results show no regularities. The highest annual total nitrogen load of 45 t was recorded at the entrance to the fishpond during the 2002/2003 period. The highest annual PO4-P load of 10 t was measured at the Vidović Bridge during the 2003/2004 period; however, the concentrations of N and P did not exceed the MAC concentrations which are prescribed for drinking water. According to the investigation results of the daily and average annual loads compared with MAC loads for drinking water, it can be concluded that the Jadro River spring and its streamflow are not polluted by nitrogen and phosphorus.

Croatia↗
PubMed1985

[Micro-organisms solubilizing insoluble phosphate mineral compounds in the rhizosphere of the rape plant (Brassica campestris)].

The aim of this study carried out in a soil of the experimental station of the Faculty of Agronomy of the University of Bs. As. was to study the influence of the root of Brassica campestris on the functional group of microorganism dissolving insoluble phosphorus mineral compounds, bi and tricalcium phosphate. The microbiological quantitative analysis showed the following values: for bicalcium-phosphate: 5.7 X 10(8), 2.8 X 10(8), and 1.0 X 10(8) and for tricalcium phosphate: 3.2 X 10(8), 1.7 X 10(8), 2.1 X 10(7) of dissolving microorganisms of such compounds per g/soil for the rhizoplane, Ro, and the two regions of the rhizosphere, R1, and R2, respectively, in both cases against 6.4 X 10(2) and 2.0 X 10(2) for bicalcium phosphate and tricalcium phosphate, in the testing soil, respectively. In artificial culture media, the dissolving capability of developed microorganisms was determined: for bicalcium phosphate: 2.32; 17.53; 12.11; and 17.79 and for tricalcium phosphate; 0.88; 13.56; 7.98 and 2.88 percentage of dissolution, in both cases, for the testing soil, Ro, R1 and R2 respectively. These results show the development in the rhizosphere of Brassica campestris of a very active microbiological process of insoluble phosphorus mineral compounds dissolution; thus, the growing of Brassica may be expected to raise the phosphorous fertility level of the soil.

Brassica↗
PubMed1982

Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cardiac and skeletal muscles.

Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P-31 NMR) has been used to assess dynamic aspects of the metabolism of phosphorus-containing compounds in intact cells, organs, and animals. This review describes the NMR experiment and the kinds of information the P-31 NMR spectrum provides for intact, functioning cardiac and skeletal muscles. The P-31 NMR spectrum not only identifies which phosphorus-containing compounds are present in high concentration, namely adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate, but also provides information about their chemical environment (including pH) and intracellular distribution. The method is quantitative and nondestructive and permits repetitive measurements in an intact functioning organ. For the perfused heart, it is possible to manipulate the chemical and gaseous composition of the perfusate and to define the effects of, for example, ischemia and reperfusion on the metabolism of ATP and creatine phosphate in the same sample. Using saturation-transfer NMR techniques, it is also possible to measure rates of certain reactions, including creatine kinase and adenylate kinase, in the intact cell. NMR can also be used as an imaging modality.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

A 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study of Crithidia luciliae.

31P NMR has been used to observe phosphorus-containing compounds in both perchloric acid and KOH extracts and in whole cell suspensions of Crithidia luciliae. Cells were grown in Bone and Steinert medium, or in a modified RPMI culture medium and harvested after about 72 h in mid- to late log phase. 31P NMR spectra of the perchloric acid extracts indicated that 3-phosphoglycerate, which is normally at low concentrations in most cells, was the dominant phosphorus-containing compound in the sugar phosphate region. 3-Phosphoglycerate is the end product of glycosomal glycolysis and our finding is consistent with previous observations of the failure to detect prior glycolytic intermediates. Other metabolites observed were ATP, ADP, NAD(P)+, phosphoenolpyruvate and low molecular weight polyphosphates (PPn, n less than 20). The presence of high-molecular-weight polyphosphates was established by spectra recorded on extracts obtained through subsequent treatment of the insoluble fraction with KOH. 31P NMR experiments on whole cells indicated that the average main internal pH of cells in late-log growth phase was approx. pH 7.2 +/- 0.1, using the orthophosphate resonance as an indicator. The cells responded to the addition of glucose (final concentration approx. 35 mM) with a decrease in pH, both internal (delta pH = -0.9 (55 min)-1) and external (delta pH = -1.3 (15 min)-1). Polyphosphates and ATP could not be observed in whole cell experiments, although perchloric acid extracts of identically treated cells showed no significant depletion of these compounds.

Animals↗