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Hardly any attention was paid to a barely visible fracture of a canine tooth (104) in an 18-month-old dog. When the dog was 6-years old, a fistulous opening was seen on the bridge of the nose. A year later, radiography revealed a periapical process. The investigations performed and treatment given are described, as is the correct way to handle fractures of the canines.
OBJECTIVE: This paper reports the results of standardized clinical caries examinations of 5 year old children from across England and Wales in 2003/4 and Scotland in 2002/3. These co-ordinated surveys are the latest in a series which seek to monitor the dental health of children and to assess the delivery of dental services. METHOD: The criteria and conventions of the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry were used. Representative samples were drawn from participating strategic health authorities (SHAs), primary care trusts (PCTs) and health boards (HBs). Caries was diagnosed at the caries into dentine threshold using a visual method without radiography or fibre-optic transillumination. Data for Jersey and the Isle of Man are also included. RESULTS: The results again demonstrated a wide variation in disease prevalence and care strategies across Great Britain. Mean values for d3mft within the current English Strategic Health Authorities ranged from 0.47 in Maidstone Weald (South) to 3.69 in North Kirklees (North); in Wales mean values ranged from 1.48 in Flintshire (NW) to 3.73 in Merthyr (SE); while in Scotland they ranged from 1.29 in Borders to 3.67 in Argyll & Clyde. Mean d3mft across England was 1.49 (d3t = 1.12, mt = 0.19, ft = 0.18), across Wales it was 2.42 (d3t = 1.70, mt = 0.43, ft = 0.29) and across Scotland values were 2.76 (d3t = 1.87, mt = 0.65, ft = 0.24). Overall, 39.6% of children in England & Wales and 55.4% of children inspected in Scotland had evidence of caries experience in dentine (d3mft > 0, including visual dentine caries). The distribution of caries was highly skewed. Thus the mean caries experience for those with dentinal decay in England and Wales was 3.90, as opposed to the overall mean of 1.55; in Scotland the corresponding values were 4.98 and 2.76. Trends over time demonstrate virtually no change in the overall mean d3mft for England and Wales since 2001/2, although the mean value for those with dentine decay experience increased marginally from 3.83 to 3.90. In Scotland there had been deterioration in the overall mean (2.76 as compared to the 2.55 reported in 1999). The care index has also fallen (for example in England & Wales to 12% from 13.2% in 2001/2002 and 14.3% in 1999/2000). CONCLUSION: There has been no overall improvement in the dental health of 5 year old children over the last 2 years. Geographic variation in oral health is marked at both the local and national levels. Overall, the provision of operative care for those with dentinal decay has again decreased slightly. While many children enjoy good oral health, sizable groups remain within the population of 5 year old children who have a clinically significant burden of preventable dental disease.
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PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to investigate the principal reasons for untimely loss of primary molars and to evaluate the risk factors of early primary molar loss in children aged four to nine years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1150 untimely lost primary molars were analyzed from 546 patients. The early loss of primary molars was analyzed in relation to age, sex, dmf (t), DMF (T) scores, toothbrushing frequency, history of treatment and maternal education. The data were converted to SPSS format. Pearson Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Among the investigated subjects, 15.2% of children reported regular toothbrushing. Only 23.1% of subjects had a history of treatment before the tooth extraction and 33% of mothers had a low education level. Untimely loss of primary molars due to pain, caries and sepsis were 30.2%, 31% and 38.8%, respectively. The frequency of 'only one primary molar loss' was significantly higher in group 1 (p < 0.05), however the frequency of 'more than one primary molar loss' for group 2 was more than group 1 (p < 0.05). Irregular toothbrushing for the children in group 2 was found significantly high than in group 1 (p < 0.05). Irregular toothbrushing was associated with number of early primary molar loss in group 2 (p < 0.05). The level of maternal education was associated with dmf (t) scores (p < 0.05). The caries incidence was associated with number of early primary molar loss in both groups (p < 0.05). The mean number of treated teeth before extraction for group 2 was significantly higher than for group 1 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggested that irregular toothbrushing, high dmf (t) scores and untreatment of carious primary molars were significant risk factors in early loss of primary molars. Every effort must be taken into account in restoring rather than extracting carious teeth.
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An accurate understanding of the morphology of the root canal system is a prerequisite for successful root canal treatment. Invaginated teeth have a complex root canal configuration that cannot be instrumented effectively and should be treated by both endodontic therapy and surgery. A case of dens invaginatus Type 3 in a maxillary lateral incisor with a periapical lesion and its successful treatment by these combined methods is reported.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of three intracanal medicaments (Ca(OH)2, 1% chlorhexidine gel and 1% chlorhexidine gel with Ca(OH)2 against Enterococcus faecalis in necrotic primary teeth. As a conclusion, chlorhexidine gel with or without Ca(OH)2 was more effective than Ca(OH)2 alone against Enterococcus faecalis.
Osteogenesis imperfecta is an inherited disorder of the connective tissue. The extreme bone fragility seen in patients suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta pose a series of problems with regard to behavior management and rendering of quality dental treatment. Presented here a case of a four year old child suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta.
Adhesion dentistry and the development of advanced ceramic core materials have truly revolutionized the potentials of restorative care. For years, the only indirect alternatives were gold and porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations. Today we are afforded many choices to customize our treatment. It is the intent of this article to review current materials and impose new thought patterns on the restorative aspects of vital and nonvital teeth.
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PURPOSE: The aim of the work was to use the magneto-stimulation in JPS system as a therapy aiding the treatment of chronic inflammation of periapical tissues of a tooth and to evaluate its effectiveness in RTG in Digora 2.1 digital system and in conventional RTG. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research was based on 62 teeth of 56 people (some treated for the first time). There was also a comparative group. In the work the magnetic field was used since the first day ofendodental treatment. Every patient had RTG done before and after the magnetostimula-tion. The qualitative and quantitative evaluations were done. The optical density both in the area of the osteolisis and in the laudable bone was presented in tables and graphs. The statistical analysis was also done. Conventional RTG was also used to evaluate the research. CONCLUSION: It was ascertained that magnetic field of low induction has a positive effect on the regeneration processes in chronic inflammations of periapical tissues of the tooth, visible in RTG.
Identifying and accessing all pulp canals is particularly challenging in the endodontic treatment of teeth with atypical canal configurations. This report describes the nonsurgical endodontic treatment of a maxillary first premolar with three root canals. The prevalence of this unusual morphology is reviewed and suggestions are offered to help dentists identify and treat such teeth. This case reminds dentists to be alert for variations in the root canal anatomy of maxillary first premolars.
The case history of a six-year-old girl who underwent endodontic treatment by a non recommended technique. It was decided to perform integral treatment anew, this time with techniques and materials adequate for the restoration and renewal of temporary dentition.
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Ultrasonography is a relatively new diagnostic aid in maxillofacial surgery. It can be used in maxillofacial surgery in three modifications: Doppler sonography, A-scan sonography, B-scan sonography. As clinicians we wanted to determine what contribution ultrasound examination has made to the diagnosis of superficial maxillofacial masses, when compared with clinical examination, intraoperative findings and with other methods of investigations. Since 1985 B-scan sonography has been performed in the examination of congenital, inflammatory and neoplastic masses of the head and neck on more than 1500 patients. The ultrasound examination was performed in the Department of Radiology by radiologists. The value of the ultrasound findings varied depending on the soft tissue lesions which were examined and the experience of the radiologists who performed the examination. The advantages of the diagnostic ultrasound are in being noninvasive, without any known deleterious biological effect, rapid, painless, inexpensive and easily reproducible. Ultrasonography is a procedure which nowadays is routinely performed in our department for the preoperative evaluation of our cancer patients and postoperative follow-up as well as for the patients with inflammations, diseases of the salivary glands and soft tissue swellings.