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Results for “Peripheral Nervous System”

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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Lyme disease and the peripheral nervous system.

Lyme disease, the multisystem infectious disease caused by the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, causes a broad variety of peripheral nerve disorders, including single or multiple cranial neuropathies, painful radiculopathies, and diffuse polyneuropathies. Virtually all appear to be varying manifestations of a mononeuropathy multiplex. Diagnosis requires that the patient should have had possible exposure to the only known vectors, Ixodes ticks, and also have either other pathognomonic clinical manifestations or laboratory evidence of exposure. Treatment with antimicrobial regimens is highly effective. The mechanism underlying these neuropathies remains unclear, although interactions between anti-Borrelia antibodies and several peripheral nerve constituent molecules raise intriguing possibilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Distribution of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in the central and peripheral nervous systems of the rat.

Expression of the acetylcholine biosynthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), and the high-affinity plasma membrane choline transporter uniquely defines the cholinergic phenotype in the mammalian central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous systems. The distribution of cells expressing the messenger RNA encoding the recently cloned VAChT in the rat CNS and PNS is described here. The pattern of expression of VAChT mRNA is consistent with anatomical, pharmacological, and histochemical information on the distribution of functional cholinergic neurons in the brain and peripheral tissues of the rat. VAChT mRNA-containing cells are present in brain areas, including neocortex and hypothalamus, in which the existence of cholinergic neurons has been the subject of debate. The demonstration that VAChT is a completely adequate marker for cholinergic neurons should allow the systematic delineation of cholinergic synapses in the rat nervous system when antibodies directed to this protein are available.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Detection and distribution of equine herpesvirus 2 DNA in the central and peripheral nervous systems of ponies.

The distribution of equine herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) DNA within neurological and lymphoid tissues from 12 EHV-2 seropositive Welsh mountain ponies was determined by PCR. The lymphoid sites sampled in this study were almost universally PCR positive, thus confirming the existing virus co-cultivation data which suggest that the lymph nodes draining the respiratory tract are the main reservoirs of EHV-2 DNA. In addition, EHV-2 DNA was also detected, albeit with lower frequency, within both the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS and CNS) of these animals. Of the CNS sites sampled 11% were PCR-positive and in the PNS the trigeminal ganglion proved PCR-positive in 50% of the animals tested. Since the nasal epithelium is innervated by the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve, these observations suggest that the trigeminal ganglion may represent a biologically important site for EHV-2 latency.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Proton-gated cation channels--neuronal acid sensors in the central and peripheral nervous system.

Metabolic hyperactivity or limited oxygen supply can cause a decrease of tissue pH. Severe tissue acidosis that accompanies ischemia and most forms of inflammation is painful and sensory neurons respond to acidic tissue pH with increased firing. H+-gated cation channels in sensory nerve endings are thought to be responsible for the activation of nociceptive afferents by acid. The members of one family of recently identified H+-gated cation channels (ASICs, Acid Sensing Ion Channels) are candidates for the acid sensor in sensory nerve endings. Certain ASIC subunits are also or exclusively expressed in neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) where the role of those cation channels is as for yet unknown. Neuronal activity is accompanied by pH fluctuations and the widespread expression of ASIC channels throughout the CNS suggests that activation of those ion channels by local acidic transients might play a role in neurotransmission or neuromodulation.

Acid Sensing Ion Channels↗
PubMed1997

The expression of chick EphA7 during segmentation of the central and peripheral nervous system.

We have isolated a novel chick Eph-related receptor that corresponds to the EphA7 gene. Within the nervous system, EphA7 expression is restricted to prosomeres 1 and 2 in the diencephalon and all the rhombomeres in the hindbrain during segmentation stages. Later on, a superimposed pattern appears that correlates with the formation of several axonal tracts. In the somitic mesoderm, the expression correlates with segmentation and the guidance of both neural crest and motor axons through the sclerotomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Structure and functions of lectins in the central and peripheral nervous system.

There is increasing evidence that lectins are widely distributed in mammalian tissues, including the nervous tissue. Based on histochemical techniques using neoglycoproteins, different lectin activities specific for different monosaccharides or glycans have been identified (fucose, galactose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylneuraminic acid and heparin). Most of them showed a cellular specificity and developmental regulation in the central nervous system. Several lectins isolated from the nervous tissue seem to play an essential role during ontogenetic processes, especially as far as cell adhesion and cell recognition mechanisms are concerned (axonal growth and fasciculation, neuron migration, synaptogenesis, myelination). But some of them seem to be involved in signaling events both intracellularly (nuclear lectins) or at the cell surface by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. This review discusses the structure and the identified functions of these important constituents of the nervous tissue.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuronal regeneration and functional recovery following peripheral nervous system lesions].

INTRODUCTION: The complete traumatic sectioning of peripheral nerves start subcellular and molecular processes in the involved sensory and motor neurons that ends, in many cases, with a complete reinnervation of the sensory or muscular target. Nevertheless, the process is frequently disturbed, from a functional point of view, by the improper reinnervation of targets different from the original ones, a fact implying a partial or total lost of the involved sensory or motor function. METHOD AND AIMS: Results obtained with several types of axotomy and of experimental anastomosis carried out with the different brainstem motor nerves are shown. The aim was to analyze the capabilities of the different brainstem centers to adapt their physiology to the functional characteristics of a new motor target, with respect to their affinity with the motor tasks carried out by the new target. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that there is a gradient of functional adaptability in motoneurons to the role of new motor targets depending on their affinity in embryologic origins and functional properties. It is remarked the importance that, for a proper recovery of the lost function, have the compensatory processes started by synergistic motor systems not affected directly by the lesion.

Adaptation, Physiological↗