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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Effect of antibiotic and vaccine therapies on the succinate dehydrogenase and phosphatase activity of liver cells of mice infected with Staphylococcus].

Changes in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), total and acid phosphatase (TP and AP) were studied in treatment of laboratory animals with rifampicin, lincomycin and with inactivated staphylococcal vaccine used alone or in combinations. It was shown that immunization of the animals with inactivated staphylococcal vaccine under conditions of experimental staphylococcal infection promoted stimulation of the enzyme activity. Rifampicin and lincomycin used for the treatment of such animals lowered the activity of the enzymes. The suppressing effect of the antibiotics increased with an increase in the period of their use. It should be noted that the inhibitory effect of rifampicin on the activity of SDH, TP and AP was less pronounced than that of lincomycin. The combined use of the vaccine and antibiotics for the treatment of the animals promoted an increase in the enzyme activity as compared to the use of the antibiotics alone. Sometimes the activity of SDH, TP and AP reached the control levels in such animals or the levels observed in the animals treated with the vaccine alone. Stimulation of the enzyme activity was more pronounced when the vaccine was used in combination with rifampicin.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.

Recognized since 1883 as a common cause of infection, Staphylococcus aureus' preantimicrobial-era bacteremia mortality rate was 82%. The mortality of that era threatens to return as evidence of growing vancomycin resistance undermines the utility of vancomycin therapy. Successful treatment of S. aureus infections requires knowledge of its antimicrobial resistance capacity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Generalized exfoliation associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection.

A 67-year-old man presented with a rash that was refractory to systemic corticosteroid therapy. Physical examination revealed sloughing skin on his hands, soles, and lower extremities. Stroking involved and uninvolved skin produced Nikolsky's sign. Skin biopsies revealed the plane of cleavage to be in the basal epidermal layer. Cultures of the patient's skin, blood, nose, and throat grew Staphylococcus aureus. These isolates produced an epidermal toxin that caused Nikolsky's sign in neonatal mice. The toxin caused cleavage in the basal epidermal layer of neonatal mice, was heat labile, and was not neutralized by exfoliatin antitoxin.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Bacterial genotype affects the manifestation and persistence of bovine Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infection.

Two-hundred seventeen Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 116 dairy cows with intramammary infections were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to study the association between symptom severity, persistence of infection, and bacterial genotype. Among five main genotypes infecting 90% of the cows, one was associated with severe clinical symptoms but reduced persistence.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Analysis of the immunomodulating action of SK in mice of various strains].

Peculiarities of immunomodulative action of different mice breeds' SK have been determined by changes of activity level of 5'-nucleotidase in macrophages from peritoneal exudate (MPE) and by changes of animals' sensitivity to staphylococcus infection. It has been established that the character of SK influence on activity level of 5'-nucleotidase in MPE and resistance depends on dose, type of administration and the mice breed. Revealed by hypodermic injection, dependence between the activity of 5'-nucleotidase in MPE and sensitivity to staphylococcus infection, whose character was determined by animals' genotype, had straight character in C57Bl/6 mice, and reverse character in CBA mice.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1982

Species identification and susceptibility to 17 antibiotics of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens.

A total of 299 isolates of gram-positive, catalase-positive, coagulase-negative cocci were isolated from a variety of specimens collected from patients at a large university hospital, and 281 (94%) were identified as staphylococci by established methods. Using the scheme of Kloos and Schleifer, we determined the species of the coagulase-negative staphylococci. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the cause of all bacteremias and the most commonly isolated species from bone, joint, and wound infections. Staphylococcus haemolyticus was the second most common isolate from wound infections, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus was the most commonly isolated species from urinary tract infections. Antibiograms to 17 antimicrobial agents were performed by a microdilution technique, and the results revealed that S. epidermidis was resistant to a water spectrum of antimicrobial agents than the other species of staphylococci were.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Differences in bovine lymphocyte antigen associations between immune responsiveness and risk of disease following intramammary infection with Staphylococcus aureus.

This study evaluated the relationships between immune response, disease resistance, and bovine leukocyte antigens, BoLA, in Holstein cows following intramammary challenge with Staphylococcus aureus. This investigation was to determine whether immune responsiveness differed between these cows and whether differences were related to expression of class I BoLA antigens, which might explain the increased resistance or susceptibility to S. aureus mastitis. Antibody responses to S. aureus in milk and serum, total IgG1 in milk, and blastogenic responses with and without concanavalin A were evaluated. The CA42 allele, previously associated with increased risk of infection, was relatively uninformative for the immune response parameters examined. Other alleles, such as W3, were associated with higher milk antibody responses to S. aureus and higher milk IgG1 postchallenge. Alleles W7, W4, and W26 were associated with lower milk IgG1 and lower antibody titers in serum postchallenge. The association reported between allele CA42 and increased risk of S. aureus mastitis did not relate to lower antibody or blastogenic responses by these cows; however, indicators of innate resistance were not examined. In addition, the different associations detected between milk and serum emphasize the importance of considering mucosal immunity and unique immunological compartments when searching for relevant genetic markers of disease resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Invited Review: The role of cow, pathogen, and treatment regimen in the therapeutic success of bovine Staphylococcus aureus mastitis.

Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of udder infections in dairy herds. Both lactational and dry cow therapy are part of Staph. aureus control programs. Reported cure rates for Staph. aureus mastitis vary considerably. The probability of cure depends on cow, pathogen, and treatment factors. Cure rates decrease with increasing age of the cow, increasing somatic cell count, increasing duration of infection, increasing bacterial colony counts in milk before treatment, and increasing number of quarters infected. Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in hind quarters has a low cure rate compared with front quarters. Antimicrobial treatment of intramammary infections with penicillin-resistant Staph. aureus strains results in a lower cure rate for treatment with either beta-lactam or non-beta-lactam antibiotics. Other strain-specific factors may affect the probability of cure but routine diagnostic methods for use in bacteriology laboratories or veterinary practices are not yet available. The most important treatment factor affecting cure is treatment duration. Increased duration of treatment is associated with increased chance of cure. Economically, extended treatment is not always justified, even when indirect effects of treatment such as prevention of contagious transmission are taken into consideration. Usefulness of treatment trials could be improved by standardization of case definitions, consideration of host and strain factors, and sufficient statistical power. Treatment of young animals with penicillin-sensitive Staph. aureus infections is often justified based on bacteriological cure and economic outcome, whereas treatment of older animals, chronic infections, or penicillin-resistant isolates should be discouraged.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

Mannose-binding lectin-deficient mice are susceptible to infection with Staphylococcus aureus.

Gram-positive organisms like Staphylococcus aureus are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Humoral response molecules together with phagocytes play a role in host responses to S. aureus. The mannose-binding lectin (MBL, also known as mannose-binding protein) is an oligomeric serum molecule that recognizes carbohydrates decorating a broad range of infectious agents including S. aureus. Circumstantial evidence in vitro and in vivo suggests that MBL plays a key role in first line host defense. We tested this contention directly in vivo by generating mice that were devoid of all MBL activity. We found that 100% of MBL-null mice died 48 h after exposure to an intravenous inoculation of S. aureus compared with 45% mortality in wild-type mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that neutrophils and MBL are required to limit intraperitoneal infection with S. aureus. Our study provides direct evidence that MBL plays a key role in restricting the complications associated with S. aureus infection in mice and raises the idea that the MBL gene may act as a disease susceptibility gene against staphylococci infections in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Bactericidal efficacy of mupirocin in multi-antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus burn wound infection.

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MRSA) have become increasingly prevalent as pathogenic organisms, especially in burn wounds, with an associated mortality of 20-40% among those clinically infected. Mupirocin ointment, a new topical antibiotic, has proved in vitro and in vivo to be highly effective in the treatment of MRSA infections. A modified Walker burn wound model was used to define the rate of trans-eschar penetration, biodynamic availability and bactericidal efficacy of 2% mupirocin ointment in established MRSA burn wound infection. In-vitro penetration trials confirmed the effective diffusion of mupirocin through 1.5 mm eschar within 2 h. A single topical application of mupirocin resulted in a 98.3% (5.67 x 10(8) cfu/g of tissue--1.0 x 10(7) cfu/g of tissue) reduction in intra-eschar viable organisms within 36 h post application. A second topical application of mupirocin at 24 h resulted in a total reduction of 99.6% in viable intra-eschar organisms (1.85 x 10(8) cfu/gram of tissue--6.76 x 10(5) cfu/g of tissue). It is concluded that mupirocin is highly effective in controlling MRSA burn wound infection and should be applied topically every 24 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Otitis externa in the dog -- a clinical and microbiological study.

The effect on canine otitis externa of a topical preparation composed of Fucidin, Framycetin, Nystatin, and Prednisolone was evaluated in a clinical trial comprising 235 dog ears. Cases caused by parasites or foreign bodies and cases requiring systemic therapy were excluded. Swabs from these and an additional 434 affected ears were examined bacteriologically and the sensitivity to antibiotics of the bacteria isolated determined. The infection most frequently diagnosed was staphylococci plus yeasts (29 % of total material) followed by pure yeast-infections (19 %) and pure staphylococcus infections (16 %). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or Proteus mirabilis were found in 7 % of the ears, while no organisms could be isolated from 22 %. Sensitivity tests showed a satisfactory in vitro effect of Neomycin (Framycetin) on most of the bacteria commonly isolated, and a very good effect of Fucidin on the staphylococci. Approximately 91 % of the ears treated were clinically cured or improved very considerably; the relation between clinical response and type of infection is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1. It was confirmed that infections with Ps. aeruginosa represent a special problem; the results of post-treatment sensitivity tests seem to suggest, however, that a longer or more intense course of treatment than the one used in the trial (two weeks) would provide the answer to this.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Occurrence of quinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from nosocomial infection.

Among 63 Staphylococcus aureus isolates (one isolate per one patient) counted from infections (from August to November 1991) in hospital T., eight exhibited resistance to fluoroquinolones. Seven of these quinolone-resistant isolates were multiply- and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (QR-MRSA). The results of phage-, plasmid- and genotyping (pulsed field electrophoresis) revealed that six different strain-clones of these MRSA were spread in the hospital. In vitro spontaneous mutants resistant to fluoroquinolones are 10-100-fold more frequent in MRSA than in other S. aureus when selected on isosensitest-agar containing 1 microgram/ml of ciprofloxacin. However, the same mutant frequencies were found in strain 8325-4 with and without the mecA-determinant. The resistance phenotype was stable over 30 generations of subculture in nutrient broth as well in natural quinolone resistant MRSA as in mutants of other types of S. aureus selected in vitro. The phenotypic association of quinolone resistance and MRSA is rather likely due to a higher frequency of spontaneous resistant mutants which are present in natural populations of MRSA. Data of chemotherapy prior to the isolation of S. aureus show that three of seven patients from whom QR-MRSA were isolated were treated with a quinolone. In eight cases of infections with non-MRSA and quinolone treatment the isolated S. aureus strains were in vitro sensitive to quinolones.

Anti-Infective Agents↗