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Results for “Structural equation modeling”

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PubMed2005

The structural relation between disgust sensitivity and blood-injection-injury fears: a cross-cultural comparison of US and Dutch data.

A growing body of literature has implicated the role of disgust sensitivity in blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia. The present study sought to extend this line of research by investigating the structural relation between Rozin et al.'s [(2000). Disgust. In M. Lewis, J.M. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of emotions. New York: Guilford Publications.] theoretical model of core and animal reminder disgust as they relate to BII fears in US (N = 162) and Dutch (N = 260) samples. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the hypothesized relation between the theoretical model of disgust and BII fears demonstrated good model fit in both samples. Consistent with previous findings on the differential relation between core and animal reminder disgust and BII fears [de Jong, P. J., & Merckelbach H. (1998). Blood-injection-injury phobia and fear of spiders: Domain specific individual differences in disgust sensitivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 153-158], structural equation modeling (SEM) provided support for a domain specific relationship in both samples: animal reminder disgust was specifically related to the BII latent factor, whereas core disgust was not. The clinical and research implications regarding the relationships between disgust and BII fears across cultures are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Analyzing the development of individual differences in terms of Matthew effects in reading: results from a Dutch Longitudinal study.

The Matthew effect hypothesis provides a theoretical framework to describe the development of individual differences in reading ability. The model predicts an increase of individual differences in reading. Reciprocal relationships between reading and other factors seem to cause these increasing differences. This longitudinal study of 3 years was concerned with uncovering the existence and causes of increasing individual differences in reading in the early elementary grades. Data were analyzed within a structural equation modeling framework. The results clearly indicate increasing individual differences for word recognition skills. For reading comprehension, no such effects could be established for this limited time period. More important, some evidence for interactive relationships between reading and other cognitive skills, behaviors, and motivational factors, hypothesized to cause increasing differences between readers, was found.

Child↗

PubMed2000

Interpersonal conflict at work and psychological outcomes: testing a model among young workers.

On the basis of A. P. Fiske's (1992) general theory of social relations, a model of interpersonal conflict at work was developed and tested in a sample of young workers. The model predicts that conflict with supervisors is predictive of organizationally relevant psychological outcomes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions), whereas conflict with coworkers is predictive of personally relevant psychological outcomes (depression, self-esteem, and somatic symptoms). Data were obtained from a sample of 319 individuals ages 16 to 19 years. Structural equation modeling results supported the hypothesized relations. Secondary regression analysis of 2 data sets from M. A. Donovan, F. Drasgow, and L. J. Munson (1998) provides initial support for the generalizability of the hypothesized model to older employees.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Self-belief does make a difference: a reciprocal effects model of the causal ordering of physical self-concept and gymnastics performance.

A large body of research in support of the reciprocal effects model of causal ordering demonstrates that prior academic self-concept predicts subsequent academic achievement beyond what can be explained in terms of prior achievement. Here we evaluate the generalizability of this support for the reciprocal effects model to a physical activity context in which achievement is reflected in gymnastics skills on a standardized gymnastics performance test evaluated by expert judges. Based on the responses of 376 adolescents collected at the start (T1) and end (T2) of a gymnastics training programme, there is support for a reciprocal effects model in which there are significant paths leading from both T1 gymnastics self-concept to T2 gymnastics skills and from T1 gymnastics skills to T2 self-concept. Although there were gender and age effects (girls and older participants had better gymnastics skills, boys had higher self-concepts), multiple group structural equation models indicated that support for the reciprocal effects model generalized over responses by boys and girls. In summary, self-concept and performance are both determinants and consequences of each other.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

The relationship of racism, chronic stress emotions, and blood pressure.

PURPOSE: To test a middle-range theory of chronic stress emotions to examine the effects of perceived racism and emotion-focused coping on psychological and physiological health outcomes in African Americans. DESIGN: A descriptive-correlational, causal modeling study was conducted with a convenience sample of 162 community-dwelling adults. METHODS: Participants completed the Racism and Life Experience Scale; Krieger Racial Discrimination Questionnaire; Toronto Alexithymia Scale; Emotional Approach Coping Scale; State-Trait Personality Inventory; and a demographic data sheet. Automated blood pressure (BP) readings were obtained. ANALYSIS: Structural equation modeling techniques were used to examine the hypothesized causal and correlational links between the theoretical constructs, as well as to examine the relationship between the observed variables and the latent constructs measured. FINDING AND CONCLUSIONS: The proposed model fits the sample data. Racism was a commonly experienced stressor associated with chronic stress emotions, but not with BP. Emotion-focused coping was strongly associated with socioeconomic status and chronic stress emotions but not with BP.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2005

Perfectionism, academic motivation, and psychological adjustment: an integrative model.

The purpose of this article was to propose and test an integrative model on the role of perfectionism, academic motivation, and psychological adjustment difficulties in undergraduate students. The model posits that self-oriented perfectionism facilitates self-determined academic motivation, whereas socially prescribed perfectionism enhances non-self-determined academic motivation. In turn, self-determined and non-self-determined academic motivations, respectively, lead to lower and higher levels of psychological adjustment difficulties. Results from two studies using structural equation modeling analyses provided support for the model.

Achievement↗

PubMed2004

Why are men more likely to support group-based dominance than women? The mediating role of gender identification.

Arguing from a sociobiological perspective, Sidanius and Pratto (1999) have shown that the male/female difference in social dominance orientation (SDO) is largely invariant across cultural, situational and contextual boundaries. The main objective of this study was to test the validity of Social Dominance Theory (SDT) by contrasting it with a model derived from Social Identity Theory (SIT). More specifically, while SIT predicts that gender identification mediates the effect of gender on SDO, SDT predicts the reverse. According to SDT, the degree to which men and women endorse status legitimizing ideology should determine to what extent they identify with their gender group. Using structural equation modelling, the results provide strong support for the SIT model and no support for SDT predictions. Implications of these results for social dominance theory and its sociobiologically based invariance hypothesis are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A bi-directional theory of addiction: examining coping and the factors related to substance relapse.

The results from this study supported a bi-directional theory of addiction for a sample of Black, inner-city, working-class, male substance abusers. Using structural equations modeling, at 6 months posttreatment we found that (a) the reciprocal effect emotional and psychological distress and substance relapse had on one another existed within the context of their bi-directional relationship with social instability, and (b) effective coping skills and resources moderated the negative effects that emotional and psychological distress, social structure, and substance relapse had on one another. These findings led us to three suggestions treatment professionals can use to counteract recidivism.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2006

Does parental job insecurity matter? Money anxiety, money motives, and work motivation.

A structural model focusing on the spillover effect of parental perceived job insecurity on money anxiety was developed and tested. The crossover effect of parents' money anxiety on their children's money anxiety, money motives, and motivation to work was also examined. Data were collected from a sample of undergraduates and their parents. Results of structural equation modeling analyses supported a spillover effect of paternal perceived job insecurity on paternal money anxiety. However, maternal perceived job insecurity was not significantly associated with maternal money anxiety. Results also supported a crossover effect of parental money anxiety on youths' money anxiety. Youths' money anxiety was significantly related to youths' negative money motives. In turn, youths' negative money motives were associated with their intrinsic motivation to work. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Anxiety↗

PubMed2004

Childhood and adolescent sexual abuse of community women: mediated effects on psychological distress and social relationships.

Possible mediators of sexual abuse severity were tested on the basis of D. Finkelhor and A. Browne's (1985) traumagenic dynamics model with 178 low-income African American, European American, and Mexican American community women interviewed for Project HOW: Health Outcomes of Women. This subsample reported contact sexual abuse before the age of 18 years. Severity was level of force, number of perpetrators, relationship to perpetrator, and age at first assault. As expected, structural equation modeling showed powerlessness, and stigmatization largely mediated the effects of sexual abuse severity on women's psychological distress in adulthood. Powerlessness also mediated the effects of severity on maladaptive social relationships. The expected path from betrayal to relationships was nonsignificant. Overall, the results support extension of D. Finkelhor and A. Browne's model. Possible interventions are addressed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Genetic factors in self-reported snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness: a twin study.

Subjects in this study included 1,560 intact male-male twin pairs (818 monozygotic [MZ], 742 dizygotic [DZ]) of mean age (+/- SD) 74.2 +/- 2.8 yr. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to assess daytime sleepiness and standardized questionnaires assessed snoring. Multivariate genetic model fitting was used to estimate the contribution of genetic and nongenetic (environmental) influences to the variation and covariation of obesity with snoring and daytime sleepiness. In this sample, 26% were habitual snorers, 18% reported excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS > or = 11), and 29% were obese (body mass index [BMI] > or = 28). By using structural equation modeling, we estimated that genetic factors accounted for 64% of the variance in obesity, 40% of the variance in daytime sleepiness, and 23% of the variability in self-reports of snoring. We found a significant genetic correlation between obesity and snoring and between obesity and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), although for the most part the genetic variance in snoring and sleepiness was nonoverlapping with the genetic variance for obesity. We conclude from these data that self-reported symptoms of snoring and daytime sleepiness in older men have a genetic basis that is largely independent of genes associated with obesity.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Understanding condom use among heroin addicts in methadone maintenance using the information-motivation-behavioral skills model.

The current study represents the application of a health behavior model to account for unsafe sexual behavior (as opposed to unsafe needle use) among heroin addicts in methadone treatment. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model of HIV preventive behavior asserts that HIV prevention information, motivation, and behavioral skills are fundamental determinants of HIV preventive behavior. Participants (N = 156 heroin-addicted individuals in methadone treatment) completed assessments of their levels of HIV prevention information, motivation, behavioral skills, and safer sexual behavior. Overall measures of fit generated via structural equation modeling indicate that the IMB model adequately fits the data obtained. The constructs of the model accounted for a substantial proportion of the variance in safer sexual behavior, and tests of parameter estimates indicate that while information and motivation had direct and reliable associations with safer sexual behavior in this population, behavioral skills did not. Discussion focuses on the primary roles of HIV prevention information and motivation as determinants of safer sexual behavior in this population, on the lack of a significant contribution of HIV prevention behavioral skills, and on the implications for intervention of this pattern of findings.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Modeling end-users' acceptance of a knowledge authoring tool.

OBJECTIVES: Knowledge bases comprise a vital component in the classic medical expert system model, yet the knowledge acquisition process by which they are created has been characterized as highly iterative and labor-intensive. The difficulty of this process underscores the importance of knowledge authoring tools that satisfy the demands of end-users. The authors hypothesize that the acceptability of a knowledge authoring tool for the creation of medical knowledge base content can be predicted by an accepted model in the information technology (IT) field, specifically the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). METHODS: An online survey was conducted amongst knowledge base authors who had previously established experience with the authoring tool software. The Likert-based questions in the survey were patterned directly after accepted TAM constructs with minor modifications to particularize them to the software being used. The results were analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The TAM performed well in predicting endusers' behavioral intentions to use the knowledge authoring tool. Five out of seven goodness-of-fit statistics indicate that the model represents the behavioral intentions of the authors well. All but one of the hypothesized relationships specified by the TAM were significant with p values less than 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The TAM provides an adequate means by which development teams can anticipate and better understand what aspects of a knowledge authoring tool are most important to their target audience. Further research involving other behavioral models and an expanded user base will be necessary to better understand the scope of issues that factor into acceptability.

Attitude↗

PubMed1997

Promoting wellness by delaying age of cardiovascular disease onset: development of a model.

Studies promoting wellness and prevention of cardiovascular disease have primarily dealt with identifying risk factors rather than factors that influence the age at which the cardiovascular disease develops. The purpose of this study was to determine whether selected risk factors affect the age when cardiovascular disease develops. Using a nonexperimental design, all 800 subjects who developed cardiovascular disease were selected from the Framingham Heart Study. A structural equation model for age of cardiovascular disease development was tested. Gender, smoking, entry age, antihypertensive medication use, hemoglobin, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were significant determinants of the age at which cardiovascular disease develops. The model accounted for 72% of the variance in age of cardiovascular disease development. The results of this study suggest that in assisting individuals to modify cardiovascular disease risk, cardiovascular nurses and other professionals must address smoking, body mass index, and blood pressure as a package to delay onset of cardiovascular disease symptoms.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2026

Social disconnection integrates genetic and proteomic risks in suicidal ideation and depression.

Suicidal ideation (SI) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are complex psychiatric conditions arising from the interplay of genetic liability, molecular processes, and psychosocial factors. While these dimensions have been extensively studied in isolation, their joint contribution to SI and MDD remains unclear. This study integrates multi-modal data to elucidate these synergistic effects and develop robust models for individual-level risk stratification. Leveraging longitudinal multi-modal data from 13,085 UK Biobank participants, we integrated genomic, proteomic, and social connection profiles. We developed interpretable risk scores using a rigorous supervised machine learning framework encompassing diverse linear and ensemble classifiers. Permutation importance was employed to quantify feature contributions and derive transparent, weighted risk metrics across diverse classifiers. These scores were validated through association, interaction, and mediation analyses. Social connection-based risk scores significantly differentiated cases and controls across the two suicidal ideation phenotypes at 2017 and 2023 with cross-sectional analyses (AUCs: 0.70 - 0.73), outperforming proteomic-only models. Functional dimensions of social connection emerged as the most informative predictors. Longitudinal analyses revealed that social risk scores at baseline predicted suicidal ideation onset six years later, independent of demographic covariates. Interaction analyses demonstrated that polygenic risk for suicide attempt significantly interacted with both social and proteomic risk features in relation to depression. Structural equation models further confirmed that social disconnection acts as a key mediator linking genetic predisposition to MDD and SI. Social disconnection is a critical risk factor mediating the impact of genetic vulnerability on psychiatric outcomes. Integrating social, genetic, and molecular data supports a multilevel framework for risk stratification and highlights the potential of socially oriented interventions to mitigate biological risk.

Humans↗

PubMed2004

Willingness to use telemedicine for psychiatric care.

The aim of this study was to assess potential users' willingness to use telepsychiatry and its correlates within a theoretical framework guided by the principles of social-cognitive models. The conceptual model proposed willingness to use telepsychiatry to be associated directly to attitudes toward telemedicine, attitudes toward the patient-physician relationship, and satisfaction with current medical care, and indirectly to anxiety to technology. Phone interviews were conducted with a representative sample of 1,204 Jewish, noninstitutionalized adults in Israel (mean age = 58; 51% female). Structural equation modeling was used to examine hypothesized relationships. Willingness to use telepsychiatry was relatively high and was affected by the participants' attitudes toward telemedicine, the patient-physician relationship, and by the level of anxiety toward technology. Efforts aimed at encouraging the use of telemedicine for psychiatric care should target potential users' attitudes, as well as feelings of uneasiness and anxiety regarding technology.

Anxiety↗

PubMed2002

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms influence health status of deployed peacekeepers and nondeployed military personnel.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with depression and alcohol abuse. PTSD symptoms also contribute to poor health among military veterans. The aim of the present study was to test models pertaining to the direct and indirect influences of PTSD symptoms on the health status of deployed and sociodemographically comparable nondeployed military personnel. Participants were 1,187 deployed male peacekeepers and 669 nondeployed male military personnel who completed a battery of questionnaires, including measures of PTSD symptoms, depression, alcohol use, and general health status. Structural equation modeling was used to test predictions regarding the direct and indirect influences of PTSD symptoms on health status. Results indicate that PTSD symptoms have a direct influence on health, regardless of deployment status. PTSD symptoms also indirectly promote poorer health through influence on depression, but not alcohol use, in deployed and nondeployed peacekeepers. Increased alcohol use did not contribute to poorer health beyond the contribution of PTSD symptoms alone. Future research directions are discussed.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed2005

Peer victimization and rejection: investigation of an integrative model of effects on emotional, behavioral, and academic adjustment in early adolescence.

This study investigated an integrative model of the effects of peer victimization (PV) and peer rejection (PR) on youth adjustment using data from 508 middle-school students. In the proposed model, PV and PR each contribute independently to problems in emotional, behavioral, and academic adjustment. The adverse consequences of PV and PR are each mediated by their more proximal contributions to lower self-esteem in the form of negative self-evaluations for peer relations and global self-derogation, respectively. Results of structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses provided support for the overall model, including significant indirect linkages of PV and perceived PR with adjustment problems via their intermediary negative associations with lower levels of self-esteem. Additional analyses revealed that indirect linkages of victimization and perceived rejection with emotional problems via self-esteem were evident only for girls. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗