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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

A uveitis register at the Leicester Royal Infirmary.

In the study of uveitis, epidemiology is frequently neglected. Our uveitis register consisted of data collected on all uveitis patients except minor, easily resolved, anterior uveitis cases at the Leicester Royal Infirmary. The diagnoses of these patients were classified by the aetiological method. A total of 712 patients was entered into the register over a period of 10 years starting from January 1985. In the study, 73.0% of the cases fit into named clinical syndromes while 27.0% of the cases were diagnosed as idiopathic but uncategorised. The commonest definable cause of anterior uveitis was HLA-B27-related acute anterior uveitis, comprising 15.2% of all uveitis cases. Intermediate uveitis accounted for 7.9% of all cases while the commonest definable cause of posterior uveitis was toxoplasmosis, forming 4.6% of all uveitis cases. The aim of the study was to present data relating to diagnostic categories from a primary and secondary uveitis clinic, and to explore the usefulness of such a uveitis register within an ophthalmic department.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

Highly endemic, waterborne toxoplasmosis in north Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.

In Campos dos Goytacazes, northern Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, reports of uveitis consistent with toxoplasmosis led to a survey of the prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in 1997-1999. The survey population was selected randomly from schools, randomly chosen communities, and an army battalion. Serum samples from 1,436 persons were tested. With results adjusted for age, 84% of the population in the lower socioeconomic group was seropositive, compared with 62% and 23% of the middle and upper socioeconomic groups, respectively (p<0.001). When multivariate analysis was performed, drinking unfiltered water was found to increase the risk of seropositivity for the lower socioeconomic (odds ratio [OR]: 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 6.9) and middle socioeconomic (OR: 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.3) populations. We also found a high T. gondii seroprevalence in this Brazilian community. Drinking unfiltered water increased the risk of T. gondii seropositivity, indicating the potential importance of oocyst transmission in water in this region.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital toxoplasmosis associated with acquired oculomotor nerve (CN III) palsy.

A nine-week-old Caucasian male presented with right ptosis and right exotropia due to a third cranial nerve palsy. Symmetrical macular lesions and a paramacular hyperpigmented lesion with overlying vitreous cells in the left eye were compatible with congenital toxoplasmosis. Computer tomography demonstrated calcifications in the periventricular and midbrain regions where the oculomotor nerve exits the brainstem. The diagnosis was confirmed by the toxoplasma indirect fluorescent antibody titer greater than 1:2048 for the infant and greater than 1:512 for the mother. Treatment was instituted with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine and folinic acid. Neurologic sequelae included a right hemiparesis, infantile seizures, and generalized developmental delay. A Mueller's muscle resection (RUL) combined with 9-mm recession of the right lateral rectus and 7-mm resection of the right medial rectus muscles produced minimal ptosis and right exotropia one year later. the child now prefers to fix with the right eye and a vertical nystagmus is evident in the left eye. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of an infant with noncomitant strabismus due to congenital toxoplasma cranial nerve involvement. The finding of an acquired third cranial nerve palsy accompanied by progressive neurologic sequelae warrants consideration of congenital toxoplasmosis.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Astrocytic hamartoma in tuberous sclerosis mimicking necrotizing retinochoroiditis.

A pale, elevated peripapillary lesion discovered in a young child with no family history of phakomatoses, grew larger, caused vitreous hemorrhage and underwent necrosis. Secondary inflammation developed in the eye, finally producing rubeosis irides with elevated intraocular pressure and a blind, painful eye which required enucleation. Clinically, the lesion was variably diagnosed and treated as toxoplasmosis and toxocara canis. These diagnoses were made despite low titres, a negative ELISA test and a normal eosinophil count. On histopathologic examination, a diagnosis of toxocara canis was entertained, although no remnants of the organism could be found in serial sections. Years later, when a family history of tuberous sclerosis became apparent, a diagnosis of astrocytic hamartoma of the retina with secondary hemorrhage and inflammation was made on the basis of re-examination of the pathologic specimen and special stains.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cellular hypersensitivity to toxoplasmal and retinal antigens in patients with toxoplasmal retinochoroiditis.

To investigate the possible role of hypersensitivity to toxoplasmal and retinal antigens in patients with toxoplasmal retinochoroiditis, we examined their in vitro lymphoproliferative responses to antigens prepared from Toxoplasma gondii and human retina. The magnitude of patients' responses, determined by incorporation of [3H]-thymidine, was compared to those of Toxoplasma seropositive and seronegative controls. Patients were indistinguishable from seropositive controls in terms of antitoxoplasmal antibody titer (dye test, indirect hemagglutination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and in vitro lymphoproliferative responses to toxoplasmal antigens. Furthermore, there was no relationship between antibody titer and the magnitude of proliferative responses in seropositive individuals. Four of four patients with active eye disease and six of 13 with inactive disease, but none of the seropositive or seronegative controls, had significant lymphoproliferative responses to human retinal antigens. These observations raise the possibility of an autoimmune component in the pathogenesis of relapses in toxoplasmal retinochoroiditis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Toxoplasma antibodies and retinochoroiditis in the Marshall Islands and their association with exposure to radioactive fallout.

Nearly universal serologic evidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection was found to have occurred by adulthood in 517 Marshallese tested in 1981-1982. The prevalence and incidence of retinal lesions compatible with toxoplasmosis were 3.9% and 273 cases/year/100,000 seropositive persons, respectively, thus indicating a significant public health problem. Seronegativity was significantly more common in a subgroup of Marshallese that had received 110-190 rads of total-body gamma radiation as a consequence of accidental exposure to radioactive fallout in 1954. Despite this finding there was no evidence of an increase in clinically significant lesions in exposed persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Toxoplasmosis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Analysis of a case of severe congenital toxoplasmosis].

BACKGROUND: To describe a case of severe congenital toxoplasmosis because of inadequate surveillance of a seronegative pregnant woman and to evaluate the usefulness of different microbiological diagnostic methods after birth. METHODS: We applied serology, DNA amplification by one-tube semi-nested PCR, cell culture and mice inoculation analysis. RESULTS: Anti. T. gondii serology was useful for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. PCR analysis of neonate cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood were positive, and yielded negative results after a few days of specific treatment. Cellular culture and mice inoculation yielded negative results. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that serology and PCR are useful methods for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in newborns. Prenatal toxoplasmosis screening and suitable follow up of the seronegative pregnant women are necessary to prevent cases of severe infection in our area.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Uveitis: report of a 10-year survey in Northern Finland.

In order to determine the distribution of etiologic and diagnostic categories of uveitis at the Oulu University Eye Hospital, 653 patients with uveitis treated during the years 1964-1974 were reviewed. Of the 653 patients, 321 were men and 332 women; 547 had anterior, 64 posterior and 42 generalzied uveitis; 524 unilateral and 129 bilateral; 570 acute and 83 chronic; and 446 single and 207 recurrent. The etiologic factors were distributed into rheumatoid (7.2%), streptococcal (4.1%), tuberculosis (3.7%), toxoplasmosis (3.3%), varicella-zoster (1.7%), sarcoidosis (1.4%), staphylococcal (1.1%), leptospirosis (0.6%), lymphatic leucemia (0.5%), herpes simplex (0.5%), yersinosis (0.1%) and undetermined cases (75.8%). There were no cases of syphilis. Most of the cases in this series were anterior and acute uveitis occurring mainly in the age group 20-59 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunopathogenetic, clinical features and treatment of external exudative Coats' retinitis].

The findings of comprehensive clinical and immunopathogenetic examinations of 42 patients with external exudative Coats' retinitis showed the significance of infection in the etiopathogenesis of disease and helped identify the etiology, mainly infectious, in 47.6% patients, which correlated with case histories indicating foci of chronic infection and type I immunological insufficiency. Toxoplasma infection was the predominant etiological factor (38 cases). The predominant clinical symptoms were solid exudation, vascular changes, hemorrhages, vitreous involvement, and exudative detachment of the retina. Changes in the immune status were as follows: shifts in T- and B-immunity, impaired complex formation, in some cases selected deficit of IgA. Association of Coats' retinitis with erythrocytic phenotype B(III) was detected in 44% patients (p < 0.02); carriers of this blood group are at a high risk (RR 11.16) of the disease. The treatment was carried out with consideration for etiology, immunopathogenesis, and clinical picture and was supplemented by argon laser coagulation, if indicated.

Adolescent↗