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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Change of subjective visual function in first-eye cataract patients when the rate of surgery increases in a population.

BACKGROUND: The increasing demand for cataract surgery has stimulated interest in outcome research and the potential public health impact of the intervention. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of an increased rate of first-eye cataract surgery on visual acuity (VA) and subjective visual ability/disability, before and after surgery, in a geographically defined population. RESEARCH DESIGN: A prospective, observational study. SUBJECTS: All patients who had first-eye cataract extraction at one clinic during two separate 1-year periods. Five hundred seventy-six patients had surgery in 1997, and 353 had surgery in 1992 (17.2 and 10.6 per 1000 population 65 and older, respectively). MEASURES: Best-corrected VAs were measured, and the patients answered self-administered questionnaires, before and after surgery. The questionnaires focused on the patients' subjective difficulties performing some common vision-dependent activities, such as reading, television-viewing, orientation, etc. RESULTS: In 1997 compared with 1992 the VA of the eye to be operated was on average better (chi2 for trend; P<0.0001), and the subjective visual disability was less before surgery (mean disability index 6.9 vs. 7.5; P<0.0001). There was also a smaller percentage of mature cataracts (15% vs. 23%; P<0.0001). After surgery the VA of the operated eye was better in 1997 (chi2 for trend; P<0.001), but there was no difference in improvement of subjective visual ability, nor change in subjective visual disability, compared with 1992. The patients' expectations and actual postoperative improvement of their ability to cope with daily life were higher in 1997 (chi2 for trend; P<0.0001 and P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A higher frequency of first-eye cataract surgery in a population was before surgery associated with an on average better VA of the eye to be operated, a less perceived visual disability regarding some common vision-dependent activities, a lower percentage of mature cataracts and thus earlier surgery. Consequently, a higher rate of surgery would likely be associated with a lesser amount of visual impairment because of cataract in the population.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Visual function in developmental dyslexia. Opthalmological and neuropsychological results].

BACKGROUND: We aimed to test children with developmental dyslexia for possible alterations of their spatial and visuoperceptual ability. METHODS: A total of 31 children with developmental dyslexia were included in the study. All children underwent a complete ophthalmological and orthoptic examination. Neuropsychological testing was performed using the Visual Object and Space Perception Battery (VOSP) and the subtest "Gestalt Closure" of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for children. Even though the VOSP is validated and standardized for adults, no normal values for children exist thus far. Therefore, a sex- and age-matched control group was tested. In addition, the parents of the dyslectic children completed the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 4-18 (CBCL/4-18). RESULTS: All children presented normal ophthalmological and orthoptic findings. Performance in the VOSP subtests "progressive silhouettes test'" and "number location" was significantly reduced in dyslectic children when compared to controls ( p<0.0003 and p<0.046, respectively). There was also a tendency towards lower values in the subtest "position discrimination" ( p=0.07). In the other subtests no significant difference between dyslectic children and controls was observed. The results of the subtest "Gestalt Closure" of the K-ABC and the CBCL/4-18 were within normal ranges. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that developmental dyslexia is not based on ocular deficits, but indicates possible disturbances of visual-spatial cognition and visual-spatial perception in dyslectic children.

Child↗
PubMed1978

The Arden grating test of visual function: a preliminary study of its practicability and application in a rural community in north-west Iran.

In a preliminary study involving 75 normal and 10 abnormal eyes the Arden grating acuity test was assessed under difficult conditions of rural field work. It was found to be adequately sensitive and specific for screening out individuals with visual impairment due to refractive errors or ocular disease, and to distinguish between these. Inexperienced paramedical personnel could carry out the test satisfactorily with no difficulty and with a minimum of training. In spite of the unusually distracting conditions under which the test was carried out 95% of the subjects tested performed satisfactorily. The results of this preliminary study suggest that the Arden grating test is a valuable tool for screening large populations in rural areas of developing countries.

Adolescent↗