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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Underreporting of energy intake in four populations of African origin.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of dietary underreporting in four African populations in different geographic and cultural settings. SUBJECTS: Seven-hundred and forty three men and women from rural Cameroon, 1042 men and women from urban Cameroon, 857 men and women from Jamaica and 243 male and female African Caribbeans from the UK. Subjects who reported dieting or weight control were excluded. MEASUREMENTS: Habitual dietary intake was estimated with a quantitative food frequency questionnaire, developed specifically for each country. Underreporting was defined using three cut-off levels for energy intake/estimated basic metabolic rate (EI/BMRest), based on age, sex and weight, in each site. RESULTS: The EI/BMRest was highest in rural Cameroonian men at 3.07 (95% confidence interval: 2.97, 3.17) and women at 2.84 (2.74, 2.94), intermediate in urban Cameroon and Jamaica and lowest in the UK men and women at 1.44 (1.26, 1.62) and 1.41 (1.21, 1.61). This trend existed even after adjustment for age, BMI and education (P for trend<0.0001). The trend in the frequency of underreporting using the lowest cut-off level for EI/BMRest of 1.15 was 6% and 6% in rural Cameroon for women and men, respectively, 4% and 5% in urban Cameroon, 24% and 19% in Jamaica and 28% and 39% in the UK. With higher cut off levels this trend was similar. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the frequency of dietary underreporting differs between societies and that Westernization may be one of the factors underlying this phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Nutritional status of Danish patients with rheumatoid arthritis and effects of a diet adjusted in energy intake, fish content and antioxidants].

This study deals with the nutritional status of Danish rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and addresses the question whether or not RA can be directly influenced by dietary manipulation. In a prospective, single-blinded study of six months' duration, 109 patients with active RA were randomly assigned to treatment with or without a specialized diet. The energy consumption was adjusted to normal standards for body-weight and the intake of fish and antioxidants was increased. A daily food diary was completed by the patients, and the total intake of 47 different food-elements was calculated. Nutritional status together with disease activity parameters were recorded. At baseline, the Danish RA-patients had neglected food habits with a significant reduction in intake of total energy, of D-vitamin and of E-vitamin. A very low intake of n-3 fatty acids was also found. During the study, 28 of the 109 patients dropped out, introducing a confounding effect on the overall result. In the remaining 81, those following the diet demonstrated a significant improvement in the duration of morning stiffness, the number of swollen joints, the pain status and reduced the cost of medicine, while doctors' global assessment, laboratory data, X-ray and the daily activities were unaltered. In conclusion, dietary analysis and appropriate, corrective advice should be offered to Danish RA patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Energy intake of rats fed a cafeteria diet.

The proportion of lipid, carbohydrate and protein energy self-selected by male and female rats from a cafeteria diet has been studied for a 48-day period (36-day in female rats). The diet consisted in 12 different items and was offered daily, in excess and under otherwise standard conditions, to rats--caged in groups of three--from weaning to adulthood. Groups of control animals were studied in parallel and compared with the cafeteria groups. Cafeteria diet fed groups of rats ingested more energy and lowered their metabolic efficiency with age. Male rats ate more than females and increased their body weight even after female practically stopped growing. There was a wide variation in the aliments consumed each day by the cafeteria-fed rats. However, the proportion of lipid, protein and carbohydrate the rats ate remained constant. Male rats ingested more lipid than females. Carbohydrate consumption was constant in control and cafeteria fed groups of rats independently of sex. Protein consumption was higher in cafeteria rats than in controls, but the differences were not so important as with liquid. Fiber content of the cafeteria diet was lower than that of the control diet. The cafeteria diet selected by the rats was, thus, hypercaloric and hyperlipidic, with practically the same amount of carbohydrate than the control diet, slightly hyperproteic and, nevertheless, remarkably constant in its composition with respect to time. Cafeteria rats had a higher water intake than controls. All these trends were maintained despite the observed changes in the animals' tastes and their differential consumption of the ailments of the diet.

Animals↗