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PubMed2002

Acute myotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of Aipysurus laevis venom following intramuscular injection in mice.

We studied the local toxic effects on muscle and kidney following injections of incremental doses of crude Aipysurus laevis venom in mice. Mice were sacrificed at 24 hours after intramuscular injection. The soleus muscle and kidneys were examined by light microscopy. Injected muscle showed coagulative necrosis and inflammation, the severity of the damage increased with increasing dose of toxin injected, reaching a peak at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight. Our findings suggest that the venom is directly myotoxic, mainly affecting mitochondrial rich fibres. The associated inflammatory response is probably secondary to muscle damage rather than a direct toxic effect of the venom. There is also renal damage which is more severe than that seen following subcutaneous venom injection in our previous studies. This can be explained by a more rapid absorption of injected venom.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Neurography using the intramuscular injection of ionic iodine contrast media.

Our report presents a new method of neurography. Sciatic nerve and lumbosacral plexuses in frogs have been visualized after the intramuscular injection of water and lipid soluble ionic iodine contrast media (Telebrix 300, Potassium Iodide 30% and Lipiodol Ultra Fluid). The ascendant flow of the iodine ions (anions) has been achieved by establishing the electrical potential difference between the injection site and the proximal part of the sciatic nerve and lumbosacral plexus. The application of DC current ensued immediately after the injection. Several minutes later the proximal segments of tibial and peroneal common nerves, as well as the sciatic nerve in its full length, have been visualized on X-Ray film. Lumbosacral plexuses became radioopaque after 20 plus minutes.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A non-invasive and quantitative method for the study of tissue injury caused by intramuscular injection of drugs in horses.

The present study was undertaken to measure the weight of muscle destroyed by an intramuscular injection of phenylbutazone (PBZ) in horses. In six horses, CK disposition parameters were evaluated after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of a CK horse preparation. The same horses received PBZ, a potentially irritating agent, by i.v. and i.m. (neck and hindquarter) routes. Data were analysed using compartmental approaches and instantaneous CK flux was calculated using a discrete deconvolution method. For a 150 U/kg CK dose, the steady-state volume of distribution was 0.050 +/- 0.0115 L/kg and the plasma half-life was 112 +/- 18 min. After CK i.m. administration, the half-life of the terminal phase was 11.8 +/- 5.3 h indicating a flip-flop process and the mean bioavailability of CK was close to 100%. After PBZ i.m. administration, the CK activity was significantly increased with peak values of 508 +/- 109 U/L after the neck administration and 873 +/- 365 U/L after the gluteal administration. By measuring the total amount of CK released from injured muscle, it was calculated that an equivalent of 0.044 +/- 0.029 g/kg of muscle was destroyed after PBZ administration in the neck. The corresponding figure was 0.118 +/- 0.048 g/kg after intragluteal PBZ administration. By deconvoluting plasma CK activity, it was shown that the CK entry rate was maximum for the first 30-60 min following PBZ administration, which then decreased slowly to return to the control value after a delay of 24-48 h after PBZ administration. It was concluded that the CK release pattern following a controlled muscular damage was a non-invasive approach useful for quantifying the amount of damaged muscle, and that the calculation of CK input rate by deconvolution was of potential interest in describing events at the muscle cell level.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical effect of intramuscular injection of cefpiramide in infections associated with surgery].

The authors treated a total of 23 patients (15 were outpatients, 8 were hospitalized), employing an injectable preparation of cefpiramide (CPM) a new antibiotic of the cephems. Included in this total were 10 cases of acute infectious diseases of skin and soft tissues, 5 cases of acute localized peritonitis, 5 cases of acute urinary tract infection and 3 cases of acute and subacute cholecystitis. To 15 cases of outpatients, CPM in a dose of 500 mg were given by intramuscular injection once a day, and to 8 cases of hospitalized patients were given 500 mg of CPM by intramuscular injection twice a day. The duration were 3 to 15 days. The clinical efficacy obtained was excellent in 4 cases, good in 17 cases, and fair in 2 cases. In no case was CPM found to be completely ineffective. Clinical adverse effect was not recognized. Therefore, CPM will be a useful drug when used for chemotherapy of acute or subacute infectious diseases on surgical field following intramuscular administration.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pseudo-septicemic pyoderma gangrenosum and breast cancer. Apropos of a case caused by an intramuscular injection].

We report a case of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) mimicking a severe infectious skin disease in a woman with metastatic breast cancer. PG started at the site of an intramuscular injection administered a few days previously, and it subsequently extended. The skin disease was cured by high-dose corticosteroid therapy and clofazimine, but it marked a turn for the worst in the course of the breast cancer which became rapidly fatal.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

Single daily intramuscular injections of low quantities of recombinant ovine interferon-tau extends luteal life-span in Angora goats.

The objective of this study was to determine whether single, daily intramuscular injections of low amounts of ovine interferon-tau (ovIFN-tau) would extend luteal life-span in nonpregnant Angora goats. Female goats were assigned randomly to receive a single daily injection of 1) PBS (control; n = 11), 2) 125 microg/d ovIFN-tau (n = 11), or 3) 500 microg/d ovIFN-tau (n = 11) from d 14 to 20 after estrus. Luteal life-span was defined as the number of days from the synchronized estrus until serum progesterone (P4) declined (< 0.5 ng/mL) and was of normal duration in controls (19.4 +/- 0.3 d) but was increased (P < 0.05) in goats receiving 125 microg/d (23.2 +/- 1.3 d) and 500 microg/d (25.5 +/- 1.2 d) ovIFN-tau. Injection of either ovIFN-tau dose caused an initial decrease (P < 0.05) in serum P4 concentrations relative to controls but did not differ from controls thereafter. Rectal temperatures increased (P < 0.05) following ovIFN-tau treatment until d 18 for goats given the lower dose and throughout the treatment period for those given 500 microg/d. In summary, injections of as little as 125 microg/d of ovIFN-tau extended luteal life-span in goats. This dose caused a transient reduction in serum P4 concentrations and induced hyperthermia.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Fatal necrotising fasciitis associated with intramuscular injection of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after uncomplicated endoscopic polypectomy.

Necrotising fasciitis is a life-threatening infection of the superficial muscle fascia and the adjacent deep layer of subcutaneous tissue that is often fatal. A 46-year-old woman was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) three days after an uncomplicated endoscopic polypectomy because of necrotising fasciitis of left tight, buttock and retroperitoneal space and septic shock. Six hours after the polypectomy she was given an intramuscular injection of ketorolac in the left tight because of moderate low abdominal pain. Twelve and 24h later she was treated with another two intramuscular injection of diclofenac in the left tight for severe pains in the left hip joint region. The shock was unresponsive to any treatment and the fasciitis extended to the whole body even after surgical specific treatment and the patient died in four days. This is the first report of a necrotising fasciitis following intramuscular administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after an endoscopic procedure.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1975

Midtrimester pregnancy termination by intramuscular injection of a 15-methyl analogue of prostaglandin F2 alpha.

Fifty patients between 12 and 20 weeks' gestation were treated with prostaglandin 15 (S) 15-methyl F2 alpha by repeated intramuscular injection of 250 mug at intervals of not less than 2 hours in order to evaluate its efficacy as an abortifacient. A success rate of 96 per cent was achieved with a mean initiaation-abortion interval of 16.5 +/- S.E.M. 1.12 hours. There were no serious complications. The most common side effects were vomiting in 82 per cent and diarrhea in 66 percent of cases. The abortifacient activity was correlated with serial serum progesterone determinations and continuous intra-amniotic pressure recordings in selected cases.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1994

Parvalbumin immunocytochemistry and calcium deposition in muscle fiber necrosis and subsequent regeneration following intramuscular injection of metoclopramide.

We have studied the sequential change of parvalbumin immunocytochemistry and its correlation with intracellular Ca2+ deposition in an animal model of muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration induced by intramuscular injection of metoclopramide. Twenty-four hours after the drug's injection, extensive muscle fiber necrosis, together with dramatic loss of parvalbumin immunoreactivity and intracellular Ca2+ deposition, was observed. Muscle fiber regeneration began on day 4 after the injection and was complete by the end of the third week. Parvalbumin was not detected in the regenerating fibers, but gradually emerged during the second week as muscle fibers increased in size. It can be suggested that loss of parvalbumin in necrotic fibers is secondary to the loss in integrity of the sarcolemma. Alternatively, loss of parvalbumin in degenerating fibers may impair calcium buffering and act as a contributory factor in the necrotic process. The progressive appearance of parvalbumin immunoreactivity in regenerating fibers parallels that found in normal myogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A field trial of a single intramuscular injection of long-acting chloramphenicol in the treatment of meningococcal meningitis.

During an epidemic of meningococcal meningitis 86 patients with symptoms and signs of meningitis were treated with a single intramuscular injection of a long-acting oily preparation of chloramphenicol (Tifomycine). Treatment was given by auxiliary medical staff who worked in four separate village dispensaries under the supervision of the local medical officer. The clinical response to treatment was satisfactory; 79 of 86 patients (92%) recovered fully with few residual disabilities. There were five deaths (5.8%) but a definite diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis was established in only one of these patients. Treatment was changed because of a poor clinical response in two further patients. Diagnosis was eventually proved in 45 patients (52%). The response to treatment of patients in this group was similar to that observed in the remaining 41 patients. The results of this preliminary study show that a single dose injection of a long-acting chloramphenicol is of value in the management of epidemics of meningococcal meningitis in rural areas because patients can be treated locally and early in their village dispensaries, thereby minimizing the need to transport them to urban hospitals which are often distant and congested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Astromicin sulfate concentration in human prostatic tissue after an intramuscular injection].

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the penetration of astromicin sulfate into prostatic tissue. Twenty eight patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy entered the study. Astromicin sulfate was administered as an intramuscular injection in a dose of 200 mg one hour preoperatively. Blood samples were taken simultaneously with the tissue sampling at the transurethral resection of the prostate. The mean concentration of astromicin sulfate in prostatic tissue was 3.79 +/- 1.01 micrograms/g and that in serum was 10.25 +/- 2.70 micrograms/ml.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Serial intramuscular injections of 15(S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha in the induction of abortion.

Abortion was successfully induced in 62 of 68 patients in the 9th to the 26th week of pregnancy be serial intramuscular administration of 15(S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha (15-ME-PGF2alpha). In 6 patients who failed to abort after 24 hours of prostaglandin administration, a concomitant infusion of oxytocin was initiated; 5 of these patients aborted within 12 hours of the combined therapy. A single patient failed to abort, even with the combined therapy, and underwent surgical evacuation. The mean abortion time in the 67 successful inductions was 14.56 hours. Parous patients aborted somewhat fasteter, mean 13.98 hours, as compared to nulliparous patients, mean 15.02 hours, but this difference was not statistically significant. In this study initial intramuscular injection of 100 mug 15-ME-PGF2alpha was followed in 1 hour by 250 mug and then 250 mug every 2 hours with concomitant oxytocin therapy initiated after 24 hours. The results with this dose schedule were compared to the results obtained in a previous study with a higher dose schedule, an initial dose of 100 mug 15-ME-PGF2alpha, followed in 1 hour by 250 mug then 500 mug every 2 hours. There was significant difference in the mean abortion time and the incidence of side effects between the 2 dose schedules. The mean abortion time for patients with gestational ages 16 weeks and less was the same with both dose schedules, however patients with gestational ages of 17 weeks and higher aborted somewhat faster with the higher dose schedule. It might therefore be advisable for patients with gestations of 17 weeks and higher to be treated with the higher dose schedule. In earlier gestations patients could be started on the lower schedule, and if abortion had not occurred within 15 hours the dose of 15-ME-PGF2alpha could then be increased to 500 mug every 2 hours.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1988

Gas gangrene in a diabetic after intramuscular injection.

A 47 year old male insulin-dependent diabetic developed two synchronous life-threatening Clostridium perfringens infections under unusual circumstances. Numerous sterile abscesses were also present, being the result of regular pentazocine intramuscular injections. Extensive surgical debridement and parenteral antibiotic therapy proved effective in treating the septicaemia and the large soft tissue abscesses in the buttock and thigh. The patient made an excellent functional recovery. The pathogenesis of gas gangrene after injection is discussed with particular reference to the diabetic patient.

Abscess↗
PubMed2005

[Effects of bradykinin and capsaicin intramuscular injections on stretch-evoked postsynaptic response of motoneurones of the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle].

Responses of gastrocnemius-soleus motoneurones to stretches of the homonymous muscles were recorded intracellularly in the decerebrated cats during intramuscular injections (IMI) of bradykinin or capsaicin into the muscles. Effects of IMI on EPSPs and spikes evoked by stretches of the G-S muscles were studied in 6 motoneurones. Stretch-evoked EPSPs and firing were predominantly suppressed after IMIs, with the exception of slight increase of EPSPs up to 150 s after bradykinin injection, followed by theirs distinct decrease. The suppression of spike activity was followed by restoration within 500-800 s after bradykinin injection. Stretch-evoked EPSPs and firing were depressed after capsaicin injection; control level of motoneurones activity was seemed to be unrecoverable for quite a long time. No background IPSPs were observed after algesic injections and presynaptic inhibition was considered as plausible reason for the observed suppression of motoneurones activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Blood and plasma kinetics of cis(Z)-clopenthixol and fluphenazine in psychiatric patients after intramuscular injection of their decanoic esters.

Whole blood and plasma concentrations of active neuroleptic drugs were measured in eight schizophrenic outpatients who had received cis(Z)-clopenthixol decanoate in Viscoleo or fluphenazine decanoate in sesame oil by intramuscular injection. Whole blood and plasma concentrations were very similar, though there was a slight tendency for blood concentrations to be higher than plasma concentrations. Maximum concentrations appeared at 1 week after administration of cis(Z)-clopenthixol decanoate, whereas the highest concentrations after fluphenazine decanoate were seen at the end of the 3-week dosage interval. Some between-individual variation and a limited within-individual variation was seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Studies on the quantification of local tissue injury following intramuscular injection of aqueous solutions. VIII. The local lesion after application of turimycin in different preparations.

The increase in drug concentration in aqueous solutions is not responded to by a comparable enlargement of volume of necrosis after intramuscular injection. After application of TURIMYCIN the lesion is more voluminous than those caused by penicillin, lower than those following OTESOLUT and nearly equal to those caused by 5% WOFAPYRIN (phenylbutazone + aminophenazone 1:1).

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Changes in plasma enzyme activity after intramuscular injection of bupivacaine into the human biceps brachii.

The purpose of this study was to examine the time course of changes in plasma creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity after intramuscular injection of 0.5% bupivacaine (BPVC). A total of 10 mL BPVC was injected into the biceps brachii (two sites, 5 mL per site) of five healthy, male subjects. Blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein before and 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the injection. Affected muscle size was visualized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which was performed 4 days after the injection. Plasma CK activity started to increase 2 h and peaked 12 h after the injection. The peak CK activity (470 +/- 62 IU L-1) was approximately four times the pre-injection value (133 +/- 24 IU L-1), and no additional increase was observed after 24 h. Plasma LDH, AST and ALT activities did not change significantly over time. Muscle around the injection sites showed increased T2 signal intensity using MRI. When smaller (2 mL) or larger (20 mL) amounts of BPVC were injected into the biceps brachii in additional experiments, the amount of increase in plasma CK activity appeared to be related to the size of the affected muscle. It was concluded that CK started to leak from damaged muscle cells shortly after the BPVC injection, and the amount of increase in plasma CK activity appeared to reflect the amount of muscle damage.

Adult↗