PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Institutionalization”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Changes in physical functioning in institutionalized older adults.

PURPOSE: Chronic care and long-term care facilities have a responsibility to provide care that enables residents to attain or maintain their maximal functional capacity. This paper uses the Minimum Data Set (MDS) to examine changes in functional health. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-eight residents were assessed quarterly using the MDS over a 12 month period in a chronic care and long-term care institution. Physical functioning was conceptualized in two areas of physical limitations (e.g. bed mobility) and disability (e.g. dressing). RESULTS: Ten percent of the residents physical functioning improved. Gender, range of motion score at baseline, change in bed mobility and change in short term memory were strong independent predictors of changes in functional activity FL adjusted R2 = 0.23, F(5156) = 10.47, p<0.0001. The strongest independent predictors of change in ADL were gender, balance while standing at baseline, joint range of motion at baseline and change in depression scores, and weight loss, adjusted R2 = 0.24 , F(4157)= 13.38, p < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: Most residents' physical functioning showed a deterioration or remained stable. Impairments which best explained changes in functioning such as range of motion or balance in standing are modifiable and should be targeted in interventions by nursing and rehabilitation staff.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

A survey of wheelchair seating problems of the institutionalized elderly.

This study attempted to define and quantify the need for appropriate seating for elderly nursing home residents. A questionnaire was administered to 200 randomly selected nonambulatory elderly residents living in six Memphis area nursing homes. The study results supported previous findings that many nursing home residents have seating and mobility problems. Of the 139 wheelchair users analyzed, 112 (80%) experienced at least one problem related to discomfort, hindered mobility, or poor posture. Thirty-four percent of the residents had at least one problem considered to be severe. In most cases our respondents' seating and mobility problems could have been solved by the tailored application of presently available technologies.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Supplementary administration of artificial bright light and melatonin as potent treatment for disorganized circadian rest-activity and dysfunctional autonomic and neuroendocrine systems in institutionalized demented elderly persons.

Increased daytime napping, early morning awakening, frequent nocturnal sleep interruptions, and lowered amplitude and phase advance of the circadian sleep-wake rhythm are characteristic features of sleep-waking and chronobiological changes associated with aging. Especially in elderly patients with dementia, severely fragmented sleep-waking patterns are observed frequently and are associated with disorganized circadian rhythm of various physiological functions. Functional and/or organic deterioration of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), decreased exposure to time cues such as insufficient social interaction and reduced environmental light, lowered sensitivity of sensory organs to time cues, and reduced ability of peripheral effector organs to express circadian rhythms may cause these chronobiological changes. In many cases of dementia, the usual treatments for insomnia do not work well, and the development of an effective therapy is an important concern for health care practitioner and researchers. Recent therapeutical trials of supplementary administration of artificial bright light and the pineal hormone melatonin, a potent synchronizer for mammalian circadian rhythm, have indicated that these treatments are useful tools for demented elderly insomniacs. Both bright light and melatonin simultaneously ameliorate disorganized thermoregulatory and neuroendocrine systems associated with disrupted sleep-waking times, suggesting a new, potent therapeutic means for insomnia in the demented elderly. Future studies should address the most effective therapeutic design and the most suitable types of symptoms for treatment and investigate the use of these tools in preventive applications in persons in early stages of dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 antibody in 6703 institutionalized mentally retarded clients: an unlinked serosurvey at seven California developmental centers.

All clients residing in seven California developmental centers were tested for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) antibody in an unlinked serosurvey. Of 6703 clients, 11 (0.16%) were found positive for HIV-1 antibody by confirmatory Western blot and immunofluorescent antibody tests. Universal blood and body fluid precautions should be rigorously enforced to prevent institutional spread of HIV even in this low-risk population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Use of environmental manipulation and modified informal reality orientation with institutionalized, confused elderly subjects: a replication.

The effectiveness, for confused elderly subjects, of modified informal reality orientation and environmental manipulation without any 'classroom' reality orientation was investigated with 10 experimental subjects in one ward and 10 control subjects in another. All subjects were assessed prior to the start of the intervention and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment on cognitive and behavioural measures. While the control group showed decline on all measures except one, the experimental group improved in ward orientation and cognitive status and showed no decline on the behavioural measures.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Oral mucosal disorders in institutionalized elderly people.

The aim of the study was to investigate the type and incidence of oral mucosal disorders in the elderly, any relationship between these disorders and the wearing of dentures, and the associated subjective symptoms of pain. The subjects were 480 residents of 24 municipal old people's homes in different parts of Finland: 153 males and 327 females, age range 65-100 years. The methods used were clinical examination and interview. Clinical examination showed about 60% of the elderly to have one or more oral mucosal disorders. Altogether, 431 pathological conditions were recorded, with changes of the surface of the tongue the most frequent. Hyperplasia and/or denture-related ulcerations and press-points were found in 43% of denture wearers. The interviews revealed that only 17% of those with oral mucosal disorders had symptoms of pain, most frequently caused by press-points and ulcerations. The absence of subjective symptoms emphasizes the importance of frequent oral examinations, especially of the oral mucosa.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Does treatment of constipation improve faecal incontinence in institutionalized elderly patients?

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate whether faecal incontinence can be improved by treatment of constipation in elderly patients with faecal incontinence associated with impairment of rectal emptying. DESIGN: a prospective randomized study with a 2-month follow-up. SETTING: five long-term care units. SUBJECTS: 206 patients with daily faecal incontinence associated with chronic rectal emptying impairments such as faecal impaction received either a single osmotic laxative (group I) or an osmotic agent along with a rectal stimulant and weekly enemas (group II). MEASUREMENTS: episodes of faecal incontinence and associated details of soiled laundry (used as indicators of the workload for caregivers). We performed periodic digital rectal examinations on group II patients to evaluate whether treatment resulted in complete and long-lasting rectal emptying. We compared data between groups and in group II between persistently constipated patients and patients with complete rectal emptying. RESULTS: the frequency of faecal incontinence did not significantly differ between the two groups. The 23 patients in group II who had complete rectal emptying had 35% fewer episodes of faecal incontinence and 42% fewer incidents of soiled laundry than the rest of the group. CONCLUSIONS: when long-lasting and complete rectal emptying is achieved by laxatives, the number of episodes of faecal incontinence as well as the workload for caregivers is reduced.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Mediterranean diet and age with respect to overall survival in institutionalized, nonsmoking elderly people.

BACKGROUND: In studies from Italy and Greece, a Mediterranean dietary pattern was shown to favorably affect life expectancy in the elderly population. This pattern is thought to reduce the risk of cancer in addition to being cardioprotective. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of the Mediterranean diet and age with respect to survival after controlling for several other variables that could be considered as confounders: age, sex, body mass index, albumin concentration, physical activity, self-assessment of health, and dieting in response to chronic conditions. DESIGN: This was a cohort study involving 161 nonsmoking elderly subjects (74 subjects aged <80 y and 87 subjects aged > or =80 y) living in Spain. The subjects were followed up for > or =9 y. Diet was assessed with a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: A diet score based on 8 characteristics of the traditional diet in the Mediterranean region was associated with a significant reduction in overall mortality in elderly subjects aged <80 y but not in subjects aged > or =80 y. A unit increase in the diet score predicted a 31% reduction in mortality in subjects aged <80 y (95% CI: 7%, 57%). CONCLUSION: Efforts to promote adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern appear to be worthwhile in persons aged <80 y, in whom the diet predicts survival, but we do not have any available evidence that such a diet benefits subjects aged > or =80 y.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Cognitive egocentrism in institutionalized adult males.

Spatial egocentrism and its relationships to discrimination ability and communicative egocentrism were investigated in a sample of 80 adult males from a single institutional setting. The participants ranged in age from 33 to 83 years. As predicted, no significant age differences were obtained on any of the three dependent measures. However, significant effects of order of task presentation indicated that the experimental procedure influenced performance on the spatial and communicative egocentrism and discrimination tasks. The findings, which provide support for the Piagetian position of maintenance of operational level through the life-span, were discussed in terms of social and affective factors which may influence adult performance on cognitive tasks.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The relation of pain to depression among institutionalized aged.

Nursing home and congregate apartment residents (N = 598) were classified on the basis of a DSM-IIIR symptom checklist as suffering possible major, minor, or no depression; they also completed the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Possible major depressives reported more intense pain and a greater number of localized pain complaints than did minor depressives; nondepressed individuals reported the least intense pain and fewest localized complaints. The effect remained strong even when functional disability and health status were controlled statistically. Both pain intensity and number of localized complaints were correlated with GDS and POMS factor scores, but strength and direction of associations varied with level of depression. Item-by-item examination of localized complaints again indicated that more depressed individuals were more likely to report pain, particularly where physicians had identified a physical problem that might account for the pain. Results are compared with previous research on pain among younger individuals. Implications for treatment of depressed elderly are discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗