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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Respiratory infection in lipid-fed rabbits enhances sudanophilia and the expression of VCAM-1.

The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been related to infection of the arterial wall, but it is not clear whether this occurs before or after the development of lipid-containing lesions. Respiratory bacterial infection increases the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). We therefore examined whether a similar infection would enhance atherosclerosis in New Zealand White rabbits fed chow supplemented by 15% (w/w) egg yolk for 50 days. Rabbits with naturally acquired respiratory infection by Pasteurella multocida, pathogen-free (SPF) animals infected by P. multocida in the laboratory, and age-matched SPF rabbits maintained in a disease-free environment were used. Endothelial cells expressing VCAM-1 in the aorta between intercostal arteries 3 and 5 were identified using anti-VCAM-1 (Rb1/9) and an alkaline-phosphatase-linked secondary antibody and quantified in Häutchen preparations. The remainder of the aorta was stained with Sudan IV to show lipid deposition. The expression of VCAM-1 (mean +/- SEM per 10,000 cells) was 22 +/- 8 (n = 5) in the lipid-fed SPF rabbits, significantly different from that in the lipid-fed rabbits with naturally occurring infection (190 +/- 51 (n = 5)) or from rabbits infected in the laboratory (106 +/- 25 (n = 5)). The extent of Sudanophilia was significantly greater in the naturally infected rabbits (8.3 +/- 1.2%) or infected SPF rabbits (10.3 +/- 1.8%) than in the SPF rabbits (2.7 +/- 0.8%; P < 0.05). Antibiotic treatment in naturally infected rabbits reduced the number of cells expressing VCAM-1 and the extent of the Sudanophilia to baseline levels. Thus, Sudanophilia is enhanced by bacterial infection in rabbits fed egg yolk and is associated with a significant increase in VCAM-1.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Treatment of pigs experimentally infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae with various antibiotics.

The authors have performed a comparative study of the efficacy of various in-feed medications for the treatment of 5- to 6-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) piglets experimentally infected on day 1 with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, on day 8 with Pasteurella multocida (serotype A), and on day 15 with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (serotype 2). The treatment started on day 9 and continued for 12 consecutive days, then the piglets were euthanized for examination of macroscopic, histologic, and pathologic lesions and for the presence of mycoplasmas and bacteria in the lungs. Based on the results of clinical observations (respiratory signs, rectal temperature, body weight gain, and feed conversion efficiency), macroscopic and histologic lesions of the lungs, and microbiologic findings, the best results were obtained by treatment of pigs with Econor + chlortetracycline, followed by Tetramutin, Pulmotil, Cyfac, and lincomycin + chlortetracycline.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1998

Efficacy of doxycycline in feed for the control of pneumonia caused by Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in fattening pigs.

A multicentre, controlled, randomised and blinded study was carried out in three French pig herds to assess the efficacy of doxycycline administered in the feed for the control of pneumonia. About 20 per cent of 363 pigs from the three fattening units were diseased at the start of the study. Pneumonic lesions were found on pigs examined postmortem and Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the lungs of pigs in all the herds. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection was confirmed either by detection in pneumonic lungs or by seroconversion in pigs sampled three weeks apart. P multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were isolated from 64 per cent, 50 per cent and 2 per cent, respectively, of 148 nasal swabs. The following variables were significantly different between the treated and untreated groups (P < or = 0.001): the incidence of diseased pigs during the three weeks from the start of treatment (8.1 per cent in treated group v 35.4 per cent in control group), mean daily weight gain over the same period (934 g/day in the treated group v 834 g/day in the control group) and the cure rate of pigs which were diseased at the start of treatment (73.5 per cent in treated group v 35.3 per cent in control group). These data demonstrate that an average dose of 11 mg doxycycline/kg bodyweight per day in feed for eight days was effective in controlling pneumonia due to P multocida and M hyopneumoniae in these fattening pigs.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2002

Random amplified polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses of Pasteurella multocida isolates from fatal fowl cholera infections.

Fowl cholera, a disease caused by Pasteurella multocida, continues to be a major problem for the poultry industry. The sources of pathogenic organisms responsible for most sporadic epidemics remain unconfirmed, although attenuated vaccines that retain a low level of virulence have occasionally been implicated in outbreaks of the disease. One of the vaccines most commonly used to prevent fowl cholera is the M-9 strain. In the present study, 61 clinical isolates from turkeys that died of fowl cholera from 1997 to 1999 on 36 Utah farms were analyzed and compared to the M-9 vaccine strain. Genetic analyses of the isolates were done by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting. The results of these genetic analyses were correlated with the vaccination status of the flock, isolate serotype, and geographic location. Although both genetic techniques effectively identified similar subtle genomic differences, RAPD analysis provided only 77% of the detail provided by AFLP analysis. While a relationship between genetic profile and serotype was evident, no significant relationship indicating geographic influence was found (P = 0.351). Interestingly, organisms isolated from vaccinated flocks were significantly closer genetically to the M-9 vaccine strain than isolates from unvaccinated birds were (P = 0.020). Statistical analyses revealed that this relationship could not have been determined by serotyping alone (P = 0.320), demonstrating the value of AFLP and RAPD analyses in the characterization of disease-causing strains.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fowl cholera: cross-protection induced by Pasteurella multocida separated from infected turkey blood.

Crude liver homogenates from turkeys that died of fowl cholera produced by serotype 1 or 3 Pasteurella multocida induced cross-protection. Pasteurella multocida harvested from the blood of infected turkeys by a centrifugal technique were as immunogenic as the liver homogenates. Neither bacterial cell-free blood plasma nor washed P. multocida from infected turkeys induced significant cross-protection. Blood plasma containing P. multocida induced significant cross-protection. Pasteurella multocida grown in the turkey underwent bacteriolysis after thawing from a frozen state. Filtered lysates did not induce cross-protection when used as vaccines whereas unfiltered lysates did. Membrane filters impeded passage of immunogenic material.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Efficacy of enrofloxacin in the treatment of respiratory pasteurellosis in rabbits.

Fourteen New Zealand White rabbits with respiratory signs of naturally occurring Pasteurella multocida infections were treated with either an injectable or water-soluble oral formulation of enrofloxacin. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated by scoring clinical signs in the rabbits and recovery of the organisms. Seven (87%) of eight rabbits treated with the injectable regimen (5 mg/kg every 12 hours for 14 days) became culture-negative with no clinical signs within 72 hours after initiation of treatment. Six rabbits treated with the oral formulation (200 mg/liter of drinking water for 14 days) also became culture-negative and had no clinical signs 3 to 7 days after treatment began, but P. multocida was recovered from several sites in three (50%) rabbits. No rabbits showed any signs of gastroenteric disturbances.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Embryonic death in pregnant rats owing to intercurrent infection with Sendai virus and Pasteurella pneumotropica.

During an outbreak of Sendai virus infection in a colony of rats used for embryo production, severe lung lesions due to secondary colonization of the rat lungs with Pasteurella pneumotropica were noted. The effect on pregnancy was to cause embryonic death and resorption, leaving a deciduoma with trophoblastic giant cells as the only embryonic remnants. Up to 30% of fetuses in each pregnant animal were affected at the time of severe maternal lung lesions. Heavy growths of Pasteurella pneumotropica were obtained from the lungs of all affected dams. The formation of deciduomas as a result of embryonic death was due to the indirect effect of damage to the lungs during pregnancy rather than the direct pathogenic effect on the developing embryo of the microbial organisms isolated.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Isolation of Pasteurella caballi from an infected wound on a veterinary surgeon.

Comparison of phenotypical characters obtained from the type strain of Pasteurella caballi and a previously unclassified P.sp., isolated from an infected wound on a veterinary surgeon, allowed classification of the P.sp. with P. caballi. The P.sp. was isolated in a mixed culture with Escherichia coli and probably represents the first human isolate of P. caballi.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of vaccination of sows with Bordetella-Pasteurella vaccines on the occurrence of atrophic rhinitis among their offspring after experimental infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic Pasteurella multocida.

Experimental infections with Bordetella bronchiseptica and a toxigenic strain of Pasteurella multocida were carried out in newborn piglets from 25 sows. Severe progressive atrophic rhinitis corresponding to the natural disease was produced. The effect of vaccination of sows during pregnancy with two vaccines containing antigens from B. bronchiseptica and toxigenic P. multocida on the incidence of nasal lesions in the offspring was studied.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Suppression of Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica serovar 1 infection in lambs by intrapulmonary administration of ovine antimicrobial anionic peptide.

In this study, the efficacy of ovine antimicrobial anionic peptide (AP) was assessed in a lamb model of acute pneumonia. A single intratracheal dose of the peptide, H-DDDDDDD-OH (0.5 mg) reduced pulmonary inflammation and the concentration of Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica in infected lung tissue. Administration of H-DDDDDDD-OH after infection was more effective in reducing the consolidation and lesion scores at the deposition site than its administration prior to infection. Hence, the in vivo effectiveness of AP suggests that it may have applications in the treatment of pulmonary infections. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and also to determine the optimal doses and intervals of H-DDDDDDD-OH therapy.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

[Two cases of pasteurellosis accompanied by exudate with semen-like odor from the wound].

We encountered two cases of Pasteurella multocida subsp. septica isolation from exudates with seminal fluid-like odor from dog scratch and cat bite. Case 1: A 78-year-old male who had been diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus five years ago was scratched by the claw of a pet dog (Pekinese) on the back of the right hand. Since inflammation ascended to the arm, the patient visited Nihon University Itabashi hospital for a medical examination. Case 2: A 51-year-old female without a specific past history other than hyperlipidemia was bitten by a pet cat at the medical and lateral sides of the left carpus. The patient immediately opened the wound and washed it with tap water, followed by disinfection using a non-iodine disinfectant at home. Two hours later, the patient felt an unpleasant sensation and smelled a seminal fluid-like odor at the wound. The next morning, the entire left arm swelled and pain worsened, then the patient sought medical attention. The patients were treated with antibiotics and the wound completely healed on the 16 days from on set in Case 1 and on the 10 days from onset in Case 2. From these two cases, Pasteurella multocida subsp. septica was isolated from the exudate, suggesting that when wounds caused by animals smell like seminal fluid, the wound is infected with Pasteurellae. This finding may be an important clue for differentiation in clinical diagnosis.

Aged↗