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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Probiotic properties of lactic-acid bacteria: plenty of scope for fundamental R & D.

Probiotic products are marketed widely throughout the world. This is especially true of yogurts that contain strains of lactic-acid bacteria of intestinal origin. Consumption of these products is aimed at promoting the wellbeing of the consumer by impacting on the collection of microorganisms that normally inhabit the intestinal tract. The development of scientifically valid probiotics requires more detailed knowledge of this intestinal microflora than is currently available.

Bifidobacterium↗

PubMed1997

Detection and quantification of poultry probiotic bacteria in mixed culture using monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Murine monoclonal antibodies were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection and quantification of selected probiotic bacteria present in a continuous-flow competitive exclusion culture known to be effective at reducing chicken cecal and crop colonization by Salmonella typhimurium. Veillonella, Enterococcus avium and S. typhimurium were grown anaerobically in batch culture of Viande Levure broth in pure culture and mixed culture. The mixed cultures produced significantly more acetate and propionate than any of the pure cultures with acetate and propionate being the predominant volatile fatty acids. The association in mixed culture resulted in a significant increase in cell numbers compared to the respective pure cultures. The ELISA was capable of detecting 10(4) cells per ml of the bacteria. The plots of cell numbers determined by the ELISA versus direct plating increased in accordance with increases in cell numbers with r2 values of 0.950, 0.922 and 0.940 for the pure culture incubations and 0.901, 0.924 and 0.905 in the mixed culture incubation for E. avium, S. typhimurium and Veillonella, respectively. The results indicate that the monoclonal antibodies can be used to quantitatively assay individual probiotic bacterial species grown in a mixed culture incubation.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

A microbiology investigation on probiotic pharmaceutical products used for human health.

Many and different probiotic pharmaceutical products are presently commercialised in the world. On this regard, a microbiological investigation was carried out to screen the microorganisms incorporated into these products, commonly used for human health. After determination of the cell number and viability of bacteria, several experiments were performed in vitro in order to characterise the microorganisms and to evaluate their probiotic value. Among all the strains identified, best results were obtained with Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Enterococcus faecium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as far as regards growth rates, pH and bile salts tolerance. Moreover, the identification profiles of microorganisms showed a better reliability for the products containing a single species whereas the ones composed of different strains were usually not satisfactory. In some cases, the presence of Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces species was in disagreement with the claimed composition of the product and some species of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and streptococci were found not viable. In defined mixed cultures experiments, the antagonism of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecium versus Yersinia enterocolitica was demonstrated and explained as acid and/or antimicrobials production.

Antibiosis↗

PubMed1999

Persistence of colonization of human colonic mucosa by a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, after oral consumption.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is one of the most thoroughly studied probiotic strains. Its advantages in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders are well documented. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate with colonic biopsies the attachment of strain GG to human intestinal mucosae and the persistence of the attachment after discontinuation of GG administration. A whey drink fermented with strain GG was fed to human volunteers for 12 days. Fecal samples were collected before, during, and after consumption. L. rhamnosus GG-like colonies were detected in both fecal and colonic biopsy samples. Strain GG was identified by its characteristic colony morphology, a lactose fermentation test, and PCR. This study showed that strain GG was able to attach in vivo to colonic mucosae and, although the attachment was temporary, to remain for more than a week after discontinuation of GG administration. The results demonstrate that the study of fecal samples alone is not sufficient in evaluating colonization by a probiotic strain.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2004

Analysis of the genome structure of the nonpathogenic probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917.

Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (O6:K5:H1) is used as a probiotic agent in medicine, mainly for the treatment of various gastroenterological diseases. To gain insight on the genetic level into its properties of colonization and commensalism, this strain's genome structure has been analyzed by three approaches: (i) sequence context screening of tRNA genes as a potential indication of chromosomal integration of horizontally acquired DNA, (ii) sequence analysis of 280 kb of genomic islands (GEIs) coding for important fitness factors, and (iii) comparison of Nissle 1917 genome content with that of other E. coli strains by DNA-DNA hybridization. PCR-based screening of 324 nonpathogenic and pathogenic E. coli isolates of different origins revealed that some chromosomal regions are frequently detectable in nonpathogenic E. coli and also among extraintestinal and intestinal pathogenic strains. Many known fitness factor determinants of strain Nissle 1917 are localized on four GEIs which have been partially sequenced and analyzed. Comparison of these data with the available knowledge of the genome structure of E. coli K-12 strain MG1655 and of uropathogenic E. coli O6 strains CFT073 and 536 revealed structural similarities on the genomic level, especially between the E. coli O6 strains. The lack of defined virulence factors (i.e., alpha-hemolysin, P-fimbrial adhesins, and the semirough lipopolysaccharide phenotype) combined with the expression of fitness factors such as microcins, different iron uptake systems, adhesins, and proteases, which may support its survival and successful colonization of the human gut, most likely contributes to the probiotic character of E. coli strain Nissle 1917.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗

PubMed2005

Adhesion of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum 299v onto the gut mucosa in critically ill patients: a randomised open trial.

INTRODUCTION: To achieve any possible positive effect on the intestinal mucosa cells it is important that probiotics adhere tightly onto the intestinal mucosa. It has been shown in healthy volunteers that Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp 299v) (DSM 9843), a probiotic bacterium, given orally in a fermented oatmeal formula adheres onto the intestinal mucosa, but whether this also occurs in critically ill patients is unknown. METHODS: After randomisation, nine enterally fed, critically ill patients treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics received an oatmeal formula fermented with Lp 299v throughout their stay in the intensive care unit; eight patients served as controls. Biopsies of the rectal mucosa were made at admission and then twice a week, and the biopsies were analysed blindly. RESULTS: Four patients in the control group were colonised with Lp 299v at admission but thereafter all their biopsies were negative (Lp 299v is an ingredient in a common functional food, ProViva, in Sweden). Of the treated patients none was colonised at admission but three patients had Lp 299v adhered on the mucosa from the second or third biopsy and in the following samples. CONCLUSION: This study shows that Lp 299v could survive the passage from the stomach to the rectum and was able adhere onto the rectal mucosa also in critically ill, antibiotic-treated patients.

APACHE↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lactic acid bacteria used in inoculants for silage as probiotics for ruminants.

Many studies have shown the beneficial effects on ruminant performance of feeding them with silages inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These benefits might derive from probiotic effects. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether LAB included in inoculants for silage can survive in rumen fluid (RF), as the first step in studying their probiotic effects. Experiments were conducted in the United States and Israel with clarified (CRF) and strained RF (SRF) that were inoculated at 10(6)-10(8) microorganisms/mL with and without glucose at 5 g/L. RF with no inoculants served as control. Ten commercial inoculants were used. The RF was incubated at 39 degrees C and sampled in duplicates at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h for pH and LAB counts. The results indicate that with glucose the pH of the RF decreased during the incubation period. In the SRF, the pH of the inoculated samples was higher than that of the controls in most cases. This might be a clue to the mechanism by which LAB elicit the enhancement in animal performance. LAB counts revealed that the inoculants survived in the RF during the incubation period. The addition of glucose resulted in higher LAB counts.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Human colostrum: a natural source of probiotics?]

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to obtain data on the microbiota of human colostrum, and to correlate it with a possible source of probiotics transferred from mother to infant during breastfeeding. METHODS: 70 samples of milked human colostrum were analyzed as to the presence of mesophylic, thermoduric, psychrotrophic, proteolytic, proteolytic-psychrotrophic, lipolytic microorganisms, molds and yeasts, Staphylococcus aureus, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Group D Streptococcus species and lactic acid bacteria. RESULTS: the microbiological analyses revealed several classical groups of microorganisms: mesophylic (68.6%); thermoduric (38.6%); psychrotrophic (8.6%); proteolytic (15.7%); proteolytic-psychrotrophic (1,4%); lipolytic (4.3%); molds and yeasts (11.4%); Staphylococcus aureus (44.3%); total coliforms (7.2%); and lactic acid bacteria (37.2%), thus characterizing a diversified microbiota. Thermoduric-psychrotrophic microorganisms, fecal coliforms and Group D Streptococcus species were not identified in any of the samples. CONCLUSIONS: The results show a microbiota rich in lactic acid bacteria, which may work as probiotics if delivered to infants within the first days of life.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2005

[Progress in the effect of probiotics on cholesterol and its mechanism].

Because in vitro studies have shown that bacteria can remove cholesterol from culture media, much attention has been given to the cholesterol-lowering potential of probiotics--especially Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract and have beneficial effects on the host. Recent research development concerning the in vitro and in vivo experimental data were reviewed in this paper, including relationship between microbial growth and removal of cholesterol, impact of pH, function of bile salts, BSH activities, prebiotics, feeding trial on human beings and animals. Moreover, some hypotheses on mechanism of cholesterol removal were discussed, such as co-precipitation with bile salts, deconjugation of BSH to bile salts, incorporation of cholesterol into the cellular membrane and microbial assimilation of cholesterol. In addition, the future research directions and the prospect of the probiotics were also viewed.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Probiotics in man and animals.

There is good evidence that the complex microbial flora present in the gastrointestinal tract of all warm-blooded animals is effective in providing resistance to disease. However, the composition of this protective flora can be altered by dietary and environmental influences, making the host animal susceptible to disease and/or reducing its efficiency of food utilization. What we are doing with the probiotic treatments is re-establishing the natural condition which exists in the wild animal but which has been disrupted by modern trends in conditions used for rearing young animals, including human babies, and in modern approaches to nutrition and disease therapy. These are all areas where the gut flora can be altered for the worse and where, by the administration of probiotics, the natural balance of the gut microflora can be restored and the animal returned to its normal nutrition, growth and health status.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Cardio-respiratory, haematological and biochemical parameter adjustments to exercise: effect of a probiotic in horses during training.

Two randomly distributed groups of thoroughbred horses were compared during a 12-week period for their cardio-respiratory and metabolic adjustment to strenuous exercise, training and detraining. The horses were trained following the same standardized schedule and were regularly investigated using standardized treadmill exercise tests (SET) of increasing speed. After the first SET and during the whole experimental period, a group of 6 horses received a probiotic (Bioracing) once a day while a group of 5 horses received a placebo. All other conditions were similar for both groups. During each SET, the oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, tidal volume (inspired volume), respiratory rate and expired minute volume were obtained using 2 ultrasonic pneumotachographs and a mass spectrometer. All the parameters were the mean of the values calculated during the last 20 s of the SET. Heart rate was continuously measured with a polar horse tester. Venous blood was sampled before and after the test and analyzed for various biochemical parameters. In both groups, training induced significant modification in most of the cardio-respiratory parameters, ie peak oxygen uptake, peak carbon dioxide output, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation/min to oxygen-uptake ratio and oxygen-uptake to heart-rate ratio. After the 3-week detraining period, most of the values were again similar to the pre-training values in both groups. However, the training-induced modifications of most of the cardio-respiratory parameters occurred earlier and were proportionally greater in the probiotic-treated group than in the control. The respiratory coefficient decreased in the control but not in the treated group. All other parameters changed similarly in both groups. This suggests that Bioracing could modify the physiological effects of training by improving some aerobic metabolic capacities for carbohydrate utilization, but that this effect occurs only during training and not during periods of physical inactivity.

Animal Feed↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of the complex probiotic sporolact on the intestinal microbiocenosis of warm-blooded animals].

Complex probiotic sporolact created on the basis of lactobacteria and aerobic sporeforming bacteria has been studied for its effect on microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of laboratory animals with expressed dysbacteriosis. It has been stated that sporolact inhibits pathogenic microorganisms and renewal of quantitative characters of obligate representatives of the microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract up to the normal level. This complex probiotic has also a curing effect on acute gastrointestinal infection of calves induced by pathogenic bacteria.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[Oral long-term administration of probiotic B. cereus--an alternative for the the prevention of enterotoxemia?].

Aetiology and epizootiology of enterotoxaemia, especially the connection between development of the disease and the management of feeding are described and newer knowledge about the physiopathology of the disease is presented. A comparative description of prophylactic schemes which include immuno- and chemoprophylaxis follows. The principles of the application and the effect of probiotic organisms as a new approach to prevent the disease are explained. The probiotic effect of apathogenic non-haemolysing and non-toxic B. cereus strains which have proven to be able to suppress enteropathies and also enterotoxaemia is described.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[Probiotics and their future].

This review examines recent scientific information about probiotics, their microbiological composition, general characteristics, function and methods of action as well as factor which determine their activity. The principal producers of probiotics and their future in human and animal nutrition are also discussed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The development and clinical evaluation of the probiotic Bifidumbacterin forte].

A new probiotic "Bifidumbacterin forte" containing bifidobacteria immobilized on carbon sorbent has been developed. The results of extensive clinical observation on the use of the preparation in patients (children and adults) with the infectious and surgical pathology of the gastrointestinal tract are presented. The clinico-bacteriological effect thus obtained makes it possible to recommend this new probiotic "Bifidumbacterin forte" for medical practice for the complex treatment of children and adults with acute and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2006

DNA-based gels for oral delivery of probiotic bacteria.

A single-stranded DNA, readily extracted from industrial discarded salmon milt, was used to prepare hydrogels and complex gels by cross-linking with gelatin and kappa-carrageenan, for the oral delivery of probiotic bacteria. The complex gels showed a higher protective capability over the hydrogels for approximately one log scale. However, the hydrogels were more stable during storage at 4 degrees C. The Lactobacillus and Lactococcus due to protection of the hydrogels could better tolerate to acid than the Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, food-graded hydrogels were prepared and optimized to a similar protective capability for future applications.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2006

The role of probiotics and antibiotics in regulating mucosal inflammation.

Antibiotic and probiotic agents have increasingly moved in the focus of basic and clinical research as well as clinical trials for IBD therapy. Both approaches modulate the intestinal flora, the former through eradication or reduction, the latter through establishment or increase of luminal bacteria. Although clinical trials provide proof of principle that both approaches can be therapeutically successfull, we just start to understand the mechanims and may get a first feeling for the potential and limitations of these "microbial" therapies. As basic research sets out to dissect the field using extensive efforts and new technologies, a more detailed exploration of the genetic, immune and microbial factors that govern the life-long crosstalk between host and intestinal flora is already opening new insight into general aspects of human immunology, immune regulation, IBD pathogenesis and therapy.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

The early postnatal development of salivary antibody and immunoglobulin response in children orally colonized with a nonpathogenic, probiotic strain of E. coli.

The development of levels of secretory immunoglobulins (SIgs) in newborns' saliva was examined under physiological conditions and after artificial colonization with nonpathogenic, probiotic bacterial strain E. coli O83. Higher levels of secretory immunoglobulin M (SIgM) and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) were detected in the saliva of breast-fed children when compared with those of bottle-fed infants. SIgM was found earlier than SIgA, the levels of both SIgM and SIgA decreased after weaning. Breastfeeding actively stimulates local immunity on mucosal membranes of newborn infants. Early mucosal colonization with nonpathogenic E. coli bacteria stimulates the mucosal immune system to produce specific antibodies as well as nonspecific secretory immunoglobulins.

Antibodies↗