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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Metabolic activity of deciduous porcine dental pulp in different phases of root development.

The present investigation examined the activities of various enzymes associated with the carbohydrate metabolism in different phases of root development of swine deciduous dental pulps. The data showed that the potential carbohydrate metabolizing capacity of pulpal tissue was greatest in the root forming phase (two months). However, when compared with samples taken from the fully formed root (six months), a higher activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase was found in samples taken from the root resorption phase (nine months).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Healing following implantation of periodontitis affected roots into bone tissue.

The aim of the present experiment was to study whether new connective tissue attachment can occur to root surfaces which have been exposed to the oral environment and subsequently implanted into bone tissue. Twelve teeth in three beagle dogs were subjected to progressive periodontal breakdown to half the root length by placing cotton floss ligatures around the neck of the teeth. Following crown resection and root hemisection, the teeth were root filled and the roots thoroughly scaled and planed. Each root was extracted and implanted into bone cavities prepared in edentolous areas of the jaws in such a way that epithelial migration into the wound and bacterial infection were prevented during healing. Root implantation and sacrifice of the animals were scheduled to allow for observation periods of 1, 2 and 3 months. The results demonstrated that new connective tissue attachment did not occur to root surfaces which had been exposed to the oral environment, but healing was characterized by repair phenomena, i.e. mainly root resorption and ankylosis. In those areas of the roots where periodontal ligament tissue was preserved following tooth extraction, a functionally oriented attachment apparatus was reformed. The results indicate that in addition to apical migration of junctional epithelium and regrowth of subgingival plaque, the type of cells which repopulate the wound area may jeopardize new connective tissue attachment.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A false diagnosis of a cracked tooth: report of case.

A case of false diagnosis of cracked tooth syndrome is reported, illustrating an instance in which all of the diagnostic criteria suggested reasons for the syndrome; however, the actual cause was related to atypical root canal anatomy and external root resorption of the tooth in question.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Long-term results after intentional tooth reimplantation in monkeys.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the long-term response to intentional tooth reimplantation in six rhesus monkeys. The study revealed that cervical and apical root resorption is a universal complication after tooth reimplantation and that arrested areas of resorption will show repair by deposition of cementum. A highly cellular periodontal membrane usually will develop. Periodontal fibers will reattach to reparative bone and cementum but seldom regain functional orientation. Partial or complete ankylosis may result. A further complication is progressive undermining resorption of the ankylosed teeth. Long-term studies are mandatory to evaluate the response to intentional tooth reimplantation.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1989

[Root fracture and tooth luxation. Endo-orthodontic technic after 15 years].

The authors described a personal treatment method for the traumatic root fractures in the permanent incisors, and the review of their results after 15 years. The method consists in the good immobilisation and fixation of the injured teeth, with orthodontic bands and brackets and arch wire. They put this orthodontic contention for one-two months, and after x-ray control and pulp vitality checks, removed it. They presented also the use of the same technique in the luxations of permanent incisors, and compared the results. In the root fractures the authors obtain good long distance results, such as pulp vitality, good health, calcified tissue in the fracture zone, good stability of the tooth. Otherwise in the incisors luxations they frequently founded pulp necrosis, and root resorption in the long distance controls.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Histologic analysis of pulpal revascularization of autotransplanted immature teeth after removal of the original pulp tissue.

The survival rate of replanted and autotransplanted teeth is mainly affected by the reaction of the pulp. Pulpal necrosis can cause periapical inflammation and inflammatory root resorption. The purpose of this study is to learn more about the pulpal changes in autotransplanted immature teeth whose pulp tissue was removed before transplantation. The experimental material consisted of 16 single-rooted teeth with open apices, from a beagle dog (3 months of age). At day 0, 4 teeth were extracted, the pulpal tissues were removed, and the teeth were then transplanted to their contralateral side. The same procedure was carried out on days 9, 16, and 23, each time for 4 single-rooted teeth. Longitudinal paraffin sections were made for histologic investigation. The results showed that, after 7 days, 2 of the 4 teeth had an ingrowth of new tissue over one fourth of their length. After 14 days, all 4 teeth had ingrowth (> or =one fourth of the pulp chamber). At the 21-day observation, more than half of the pulp chambers of all teeth were filled, and, after 30 days, there was total ingrowth in 3 of the 4 teeth. This new tissue consisted of well-organized and well-vascularized connective tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Facial and dentoalveolar structure and the prediction of apical root shortening.

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether pretreatment measures of facial and dentoalveolar structure can be used to predict apical root shortening liability. Four hundred patients were randomly selected from the files of the Orthodontic Clinic at the Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center. Pretreatment and posttreatment periapical radiographs of maxillary central incisors and pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs were traced and measured. A large amount of apical root shortening was found in 2% of the sample. A relationship that was weak but highly significant statistically (r = 0.335; p < 0.01) was found between the amount of apical root shortening and the duration of active treatment. Several measures of dentoalveolar structure were also statistically significant. However, these measures did not account for enough of the observed variability to be clinically useful as a predictor. In the absence of a history of trauma or pretreatment signs of root resorption, pretreatment facial and dentoalveolar structure cannot be used to accurately identify persons who will experience a large amount of apical root shortening during the course of comprehensive orthodontic treatment with a fixed appliance.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

The Kabuki syndrome: four patients with oral abnormalities.

The aim of this paper is to report the oral signs and symptoms of four patients with Kabuki syndrome. All had oral abnormalities affecting the palate, teeth, and/or lips, including wide spacing between the teeth, screwdriver-shaped upper incisors, hypodontia, delayed tooth eruption, narrow spacing in the upper canine area, large pulp chambers of the upper incisors and permanent molars, external root resorption of the upper central incisors and permanent molars, a division of the lower third of the root canal in normally one-rooted teeth, tooth retention, retrognathia of the upper jaw, a high palate or cleft lip/palate, and microforms of lower lip fistula.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A study of the relationship between incisor intrusion and root shortening.

Apical root shortening is one of the most common complications of orthodontic treatment. Force magnitude has been suggested as an important factor. Studies on the occurrence of root resorption show equivocal results. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between intrusion with low forces (25 gm) using utility arches in the bioprogressive technique and root shortening. Age, sex, facial type, treatment time, extraction versus nonextraction therapy, width of the symphysis, and the angle of the incisors to skeletal reference planes also were studied for their relationship to intrusion and root shortening. Root shortening was found to average 1.84 mm for maxillary incisors and 0.61 mm for mandibular incisors subjected to intrusive force. Intrusion of incisors in a population exhibiting growth was found to be one of "holding against growth" and in the upper arch to a change in angulation of the maxillary incisors. Furthermore, when extraction was a part of the orthodontic treatment, it was related to intrusion of maxillary incisors but not to intrusion of mandibular incisors. No relationship was found between the amount of root shortening and degree of intrusion achieved. However, a long treatment time was significantly correlated to root shortening. None of the other characteristics studied were related to either intrusion or root shortening. In the present study, it was found that intrusion with the utility arch type of technique is not related to amount of root shortening. The degree of root shortening was markedly higher in the maxilla than the mandible. In general, treatment time was the most significant factor for occurrence of root shortening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Developmental arrest of tooth bud after correction of mandibular fracture.

A case of multiple fractures of the mandible following a car accident in a five-year-old patient is reported. The fracture line passed distal to the first molar tooth bud. The fracture was treated by wire osteosynthesis and skeletal fixation. During the ensuing 18 months, a gradual arrest of the development of the first molar tooth bud was radiologically observed. The eruption process had not been disturbed, and the tooth erupted at the age of 6 1/2 years. Since the distal root had completely failed to develop and the mesial roots showed a diminished size, the tooth was extracted. Histopathological examination revealed disturbed dentin apposition, there was almost complete obliteration of the pulp chamber by globular dentin, and evidence of root resorption.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1997

Internal bleaching: long-term outcomes and complications.

Internal bleaching with a 30 percent hydrogen peroxide solution is aesthetically very successful in the short term; however, in the long term, the success rate falls below 50 percent. This procedure is associated with a risk of external root resorption, documented both clinically and experimentally. The etiology of resorption and the effects of 30 percent hydrogen peroxide on dental tissues suggest that this chemical should be avoided. Internal bleaching is possible using sodium perborate mixed with water. The aesthetic outcome is still acceptable and the potential for resorption may be minimized.

Borates↗
PubMed2003

Favorable healing following space creation in rhBMP-2-induced periodontal regeneration of horizontal circumferential defects in dogs with experimental periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is believed to be capable of inducing periodontal regeneration. However, the risk of aberrant healing events, such as root resorption and ankylosis, has been reported. We hypothesized that implantation of BMP-containing carriers directly on the root planed surface may be the cause of unfavorable healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a 1 mm spacer membrane, which separated the rhBMP-2 in polymer-coated gelatin sponge (PGS) and the root surface, on periodontal regeneration of experimentally induced horizontal defects in dogs. METHODS: Horizontal circumferential periodontal defects were surgically created, and experimental periodontitis was induced in 72 maxillary and mandibular premolars of four male beagle dogs. The recipient sites of each quadrant received: 1) rhBMP-2/PGS (B group) (rhBMP-2 at 1.0 mg/ml, total implant volume/ site approximately 7.2 microl) (n = 24); 2) rhBMP-2/PGS with a spacer membrane (PB group) (n = 24); and 3) physiological saline (PS)/PGS as a control (P group) (n = 24). One quadrant was left untreated. Dogs were sacrificed at 12 weeks post-surgery, and healing was evaluated histologically. RESULTS: Both groups treated with rhBMP-2/PGS demonstrated enhanced new bone formation and connective tissue attachment with cementum regeneration when compared to the control group. Sites treated with rhBMP-2/PGS showed a greater degree of bone formation than sites treated with rhBMP-2/PGS and spacer membrane, although the latter sites showed no ankylosis. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of rhBMP-2/PGS enhances bone formation and connective tissue attachment in horizontal circumferential defects. In addition, the use of a spacer membrane reduces the degree of bone formation, but minimizes ankylosis.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1993

Autogenous tooth transplantation: a reevaluation.

This paper discusses whether autogenous tooth transplantation can survive as an option in the future dental armamentaria. Clinically, successful transplants must show a radiolucent space between the roots and surrounding bone. There must be no evidence of ankylosis, no permanent root resorption, and no inflammation. Histologically, the criterion of success is a normal and functional periodontal ligament between the root surfaces of transplants and the bone or gingival connective tissues. Case reports are presented to illustrate replantation or transplantation of teeth. Possible donor teeth are those with the proper amount of viable periodontal ligament, single-rooted teeth, third molars, and malpositioned or impacted teeth. The transplantation procedure involves extraction of the donor tooth, measurement of the root form and amount of periodontal ligament, preservation of donor tooth, preparation of recipient socket, positioning of donor tooth, suturing, and temporary splinting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Periodontal healing after replantation of intentionally rotated teeth with healthy and denuded root surfaces.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate periodontal healing after replantation of intentionally rotated teeth with healthy and denuded root surfaces. Ten teeth with hopeless prognoses because of extensive alveolar bone loss and deep pockets extending to the apexes only on one or two surfaces, but with a healthy periodontal apparatus on the other surfaces, were selected. A mucogingival flap was elevated and the teeth were extracted carefully so as not to damage the healthy remnant of the periodontal membrane remaining on the root surfaces. Thorough extra-oral debridement was performed on the contaminated root surface and the remnant was carefully conserved. Retrofilling was also done to eliminate an endodontic cause of attachment loss. The teeth were horizontally rotated and then replanted so that the healthy root would face the connective tissue at the initially periodontally involved sites, and the root planed surfaces, which had been periodontally involved, would face the surfaces of the alveolar sockets at initially healthy sites. The teeth were splinted with adjacent teeth. Clinical parameters and radiographic examination were performed pre-operatively, and at 3 or 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years postoperatively. One tooth was extracted 1.5 years postoperatively due to reduced support and the treatment strategy of the patient. The other nine teeth were well maintained without any discomfort for the whole maintenance period of 3 years. In all teeth, areas that previously had no pocketing but were now against denuded root surfaces maintained the previous pocket depth readings. In areas where a deep pocket was present but now had a root surface with healthy periodontium, a distinct decrease of mean pocket depth was observed at the first reexamination 3 months postoperatively. The mean radiographic alveolar bone level increased from 0.3% to 45.3% in 2 years and was thereafter maintained for the entire observation period. Loss of periodontal space and possible root resorption were observed in only one case without other ankylotic symptoms. These results suggest that the healing without ankylosis of an extensive denuded root surface may occur by mechanisms other than the maintenance of a viable periodontal ligament on the root surface.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Cell biology in orthodontic tooth movement: the known and the unknown.

This review is aimed at providing, at the cellular level, a concise and complete overview of the important knowledge on the mechanism of orthodontic tooth movement to orthodontists and postgraduates who are involved or interested in basic research. The construction of this article was oriented to the following key questions: Where an osteoclast starts to its first resorption site? When the cascade of a resorption cycle starts? What are the factors involved in bone remodeling and how they orchestrate? What happens before and after the formation of a resorption pit? Major findings in these aspects were summarized and discussed. In addition, related biological phenomenon such as orthodontically induced root resorption was intensively reviewed. By means of an updated and systematic review, the author intended to introduce more biological evidence to orthodontic intervention and to encourage evidence-based treatment in daily orthodontic practice.

Cell Biology↗
PubMed2002

Allo- and autotransplantation of mature teeth in monkeys: a sequential time-related histoquantitative study of periodontal and pulpal healing.

Root resorption is known to be the most relevant complication determining the long-term prognosis of allotransplanted teeth, and it is initiated during the first few postoperative months. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess the dynamics of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and pulpal healing reactions during the first 8 weeks after allotransplantation of mature teeth. The material comprised 112 maxillary central and mandibular lateral incisors of 28 mature green Vervet monkeys, immunogenetically untested, and only matched according to the size of the grafts. Donors and recipients exchanged simultaneously both maxillary incisors and one mandibular incisor, whereas the contralateral mandibular incisors were autotransplanted as controls. At random, every second maxillary allograft was endodontically treated preoperatively. Histoquantitative analysis of the PDL and pulpal healing reactions was carried out after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks on serial cross-sections of the grafts in 6, 6, 6 and 8 monkeys, respectively. Necrosis zones in the PDL were prominent in both auto- and allografts after 1 week. Inflammation in the PDL dominated healing in all types of grafts 1 week after transplantation, whereas it subsided significantly after 2 weeks in autografts compared to allografts (P = 0.005). Inflammatory resorption (IR) became prominent after 4 weeks in autografts and this remained stationary. In contrast, IR initiated significantly earlier in allografts compared to autografts after 2 weeks (P = 0.007), and this type of resorption was further increasing in allografts after 4 and 8 weeks. Endodontic treatment, however, reduced IR nearly totally in the allografts with time. Replacement resorption (RR) was nearly absent in autografts. In contrast, allografts showed increasing appearance of RR with time, initiating at 4 weeks. By removing IR from the allografts by endodontic treatment, RR was unmasked significantly at 4 weeks (P = 0.02) and dominated most of the periodontal ligament (70%) after 8 weeks (P = 0.0004). Within the 8 postoperative weeks autografts showed healing with increasing amount of normal PDL reaching significantly higher levels compared to allografts already after 2 weeks (P = 0.02), with increasing differences thereafter. In most allografts, the normal PDL occupied less than 10% of the entire root surface and was located in the supra-alveolar cervical region. Downgrowth of periodontal pocket epithelium was absent or found very infrequently in all groups irrespective of type, time and treatment. In conclusion, the healing of allo- and autotransplanted mature teeth differed significantly on several aspects during the first 8 postoperative weeks. The recorded differences included a higher amount of inflammation in the PDL of allografts after 2 weeks, inflammatory resorption from the second week, and replacement resorption dominating in the eighth week, indicated that an immunologic stimulus for root resorption existed in the allogenic PDL apart from the pulp. Furthermore, specific healing reactions was found in the cervical region with almost identical gingival healing in auto- and allografts.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Orthodontic management of root-filled teeth.

Orthodontists are often concerned about the prognosis of root-filled teeth, particularly when extractions are required for orthodontic treatment. This review provides guidance on assessing the quality of root fillings, as well as the factors which affect the prognosis of root-filled teeth. The implications of previous traumatic injuries and the likelihood of root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement are discussed.

Humans↗