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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Inflammatory diseases of the salivary glands in infants and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To determine retrospectively the localization, etiology and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the salivary glands in infants and children and to evaluate treatment outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-five patients were treated in our institution in the period 1966-2000. The patients' records were evaluated and the results and side-effects of therapy were documented by a controlled follow-up study. RESULTS: Twenty-five of our patients were females (55.6%) and 20 males (44.4%). Inflammatory disorders figured most prominently in the group of patients between 12 and 16 years (n=14). Inflammation of the submandibular glands was the most common disease with 53.3% (n=24). The most frequent underlying cause in this subgroup of acute and chronic sialadenitis was sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland (40%). All patients were symptom-free in the long-term follow-up and all were symptom-free after surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that diseases of the salivary glands are rare among infants and children. Acute and chronic sialadenitis not responding to conservative treatment requires an appropriate surgical approach.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Structure and composition of sialoliths.

Salivary calculi consist of a concentrically arranged, heterogeneous mixture of different phosphates of calcium, together with an inorganic matrix. The different crystalline phases are: hydroxyl- and carbonate-apatite, whitlockite and calcium octaphosphate. Investigation of 50 cases of sialothiasis (salivary gland disease) revealed characteristic sex-dependent differences in the uptake of toxic heavy metals by salivary calculi. The contents of fluorine and lead were positively correlated, which may be due to the fact that lead substitutes for calcium in the apatite structure of the inorganic matrix.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Necrotizing sialometaplasia after bronchoscopy.

Since the introduction of necrotizing sialometaplasia into the literature as a distinct pathologic entity in 1975, there have been several reports containing microscopic findings consistent with the disease primarily of the hard palate, but also of the soft palate, major salivary glands, retromolar pad of the mandible, and mucous glands of the nasal cavity. Localized ischemia appears to be a common link. All reported lesions heal with or without surgical intervention. Generous incisional biopsy specimens should be taken and aggressive surgery should be avoided.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1999

A prospective comparative study of MR sialography and conventional sialography of salivary duct disease.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of MR sialography in the examination of patients with salivary duct disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-nine patients (23 males and 26 females; 16-78 years old; mean age, 47 years) with symptoms related to the salivary glands underwent both conventional sialography and MR sialography. The latter was performed using a heavily T2-weighted, two dimensional, fast spin-echo technique and a 12-cm circular surface coil. Contiguous 3-mm axial images with frequency-selective fat suppression were acquired through the symptomatic gland. The MR sialography findings were compared with the final diagnoses determined by conventional sialography. RESULTS: Conventional sialography showed calculus disease (n = 13), stricture (n = 12), sialectasis (n = 4), cast (n = 3), neoplasm (n = 2), and normal duct (n = 16). MR sialography alone had a sensitivity of 69% in revealing calculus disease. However, the sensitivity increased to 100% when MR sialograms were combined with control radiographs. MR sialography was sufficient to accurately reveal stricture, sialectasis, and neoplasm and to direct therapy on the basis of its findings. Overall, MR sialography combined with control radiographs had a sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 100%, 88%, and 96%, respectively, in revealing salivary duct abnormalities. CONCLUSION: MR sialography alone is not sufficiently sensitive to reveal salivary duct stones. Caution must be exercised when excluding calculus disease. MR sialography, when combined with control radiographs, is accurate and has the potential to replace conventional sialography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Salivary gland involvement in chronic pancreatitis of various etiologies.

OBJECTIVE: Both the pancreas and salivary glands show many histological and functional similarities. Recently, autoimmune pathogenesis has been postulated in some chronic pancreatitis cases. To examine whether a cell-mediated phenomenon involving the pancreas has a secondary effect on the salivary glands, we assessed the frequency of salivary gland dysfunction in patients with chronic pancreatitis of various etiologies. METHODS: Function of the salivary glands was examined by sialochemistry and salivary gland scintigraphy in patients with chronic pancreatitis (n = 33), Sjogren's syndrome (n = 45), and controls (n = 28). Etiologies of chronic pancreatitis were alcoholic (19 cases), idiopathic (seven cases), and autoimmune (seven cases). RESULTS: Concentrations of Na+, amylase, and beta2-microglobulin in saliva were investigated. In submandibular and parotid gland scintigraphy, time-activity curves were generated, and the ratios of peak count density and washout were calculated. Concentrations of Na+ in saliva of patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis and of beta2-microglobulin in saliva of patients with idiopathic and autoimmune chronic pancreatitis were significantly elevated than those of the control group. In submandibular and parotid gland scintigraphy, the peak count density ratio of patients with all chronic pancreatitis and washout ratio of patients with alcoholic and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis were significantly lower than those of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Salivary gland function was frequently impaired in the course of chronic pancreatitis of various etiologies. Salivary gland dysfunction might be the result of a common pathophysiological effect of alcohol in patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and the aggressive immune mechanism against the pancreatic and the salivary ducts in patients with autoimmune and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Malignant epithelial tumours associated with autoimmune sialadenitis.

Malignant epithelial tumours associated with autoimmune sialadenitis are rare in white races but occur more often in those of Eskimo or oriental descent. Ultrastructurally these tumours are squamous in origin, and they may arise from the epithelial component of autoimmune sialadenitis. The two cases reported are the first described in natives of this country, and in one, a case of parotid tumour, autoimmune sialadenitis preceded the development of undifferentiated carcinoma by 12 years; the other, a submandibular lesion, indicates some diagnostic difficulties that were found. This condition deserves wider recognition, as adequate primary treatment may result in long term survival.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Inhibition of calcium-calmodulin kinase restores nitric oxide production and signaling in submandibular glands of a mouse model of salivary dysfunction.

Nitric oxide is an intracellular and diffusible messenger of neurotransmitters involved in salivary secretion, as well as an inflammatory mediator in salivary gland diseases. It is synthesized by three different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), each subject to a fine transcriptional, post-transcriptional and/or post-translational regulation. Our purpose was to study the possible mechanisms leading to NOS downregulation in submandibular glands of normal mice and in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of salivary dysfunction with lower NOS activity. NOS activity and cGMP accumulation were determined by radioassays in submandibular glands of both mice in the presence of the protein kinase inhibitors KN-93 and bisindolylmaleimide. NOS I mRNA and protein expression and localization were assessed by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. A downregulatory effect of calcium-calmodulin kinase II (CaMK II) on NOS activity in submandibular glands of both NOD and BALB/c mice was observed. Our results are consistent with a physiological regulation of NOS activity by this kinase but not by PKC in normal BALB/c mice. They are also supportive of a role for CaMK II in the lack of detectable NOS activity in submandibular glands of NOD mice. KN-93 also restored cGMP accumulation in NOD submandibular glands. The downregulation of NOS in NOD mice seems to be mainly mediated by this kinase rather than the result of a lower expression or different cellular localization of the enzyme. It was not related to different substrate or cofactors availability either.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Advanced imaging methods.

Recent developments in imaging sciences have enabled dental researchers to visualize structural and biophysical changes effectively. New approaches for intra-oral radiography allow investigators to conduct densitometric assessments of dento-alveolar structures. Longitudinal changes in alveolar bone can be studied by computer-assisted image analysis programs. These techniques have been applied to dimensional analysis of the alveolar crest, detection of gain or loss of alveolar bone density, peri-implant bone healing, and caries detection. Dental applications of computed tomography (CT) include the detailed radiologic anatomy of alveolar processes, orofacial soft tissues and air spaces, and developmental defects. Image analysis software permits bone mass mineralization to be quantified by means of CT data. CT has also been used to study salivary gland disease, injuries of the facial skeleton, and dental implant treatment planning. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used extensively in retrospective and prospective studies of internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint. Assessments based on MRI imaging of the salivary glands, paranasal sinuses, and cerebrovascular disease have also been reported. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been applied to the study of skeletal muscle, tumors, and to monitor the healing of grafts. Nuclear imaging provides a sensitive technique for early detection of physiological changes in soft tissue and bone. It has been used in studies of periodontitis, osteomyelitis, oral and maxillofacial tumors, stress fractures, bone healing, temporomandibular joint, and blood flow. This article includes brief descriptions of the technical principles of each imaging modality, reviews their previous uses in oral biology research, and discusses potential future applications in research protocols.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical value of sialography in digital and conventional imaging technique].

Digital subtraction sialography offers a new technique for the diagnosis of salivary gland disease. The basis of this technique is the removal of superimposed bony structures. Ninety-one patients (4-77 years old) with acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, chronic sialectasis, chronic sialolithiasis and tumours of various types underwent sialography using the digital subtraction technique. In addition, conventional sialography using a 100 mm camera and high resolution ultrasonography was performed. The results were compared with the histopathology and intraoperative findings. The digital subtraction technique is superior in recognition of inflammatory changes and chronic sialolithiasis, whereas ultrasonography is more sensitive in diagnosis and localization of tumours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Cystic lesions of the salivary glands: cytologic features in fine-needle aspiration biopsies.

A variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions of the salivary glands have a predominantly cystic architecture. Fine-needle aspirates of these lesions yield watery or mucoid material, frequently of low cellularity. Such aspirates may be obtained from mucus retention cysts, lymphoepithelial cysts, cystadenomas, Warthin's tumors, cystic pleomorphic adenomas, low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas, cystadenocarcinomas, and examples of polycystic disease of the parotid gland. The cellular component within the fluid obtained from these lesions may be exceedingly scant or absent, making cytologic diagnosis difficult and, at times, impossible. We studied a series of 56 cystic lesions of the salivary glands, including 38 Warthin's tumors, 6 benign cysts, 2 lymphoepithelial cysts, 5 low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 1 cystic pleomorphic adenoma, 2 cystadenomas, and 2 cystadenocarcinomas. Careful attention to the cellular elements present often allowed definitive cytologic diagnosis, with an overall accuracy rate of 84%. The presence of atypical squamous metaplasia in oncocytic lesions was a significant cause of false-positive diagnoses of carcinoma (4 cases, 7%). Aspirates of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma may contain no epithelial cells and result in false-negative diagnoses (1 case, 2%).

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1981

The overall management of salivary gland disorders.

Two studies are reported in an attempt to give a broader interpretation of the management of salivary gland disorders. One study analyzes 232 patients seen over a six year period and divides the grouping into parotid, submaxillary, and accessory salivary gland disorders. The numbers and percentages of patients who underwent surgery are reported along with a pathological break-down of the various lesions encountered. Eighty-five (36%) of the 232 patients had a documented surgical procedure. Thirty-eight of the entire 232 patients had tumor involvement, for a 16% incidence of neoplasia. At the same time 244 patients had various sorts of salivary gland surgery in the four local hospitals. Of these, 210 had either a parotidectomy or submaxillary gland excision. A surgical and pathological breakdown of the 117 neoplastic lesions fairly well corresponds to most of the published series, but fails to relay the overall picture that the head and neck surgeon encounters in dealing with salivary glands.

Adenolymphoma↗