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PubMed1993

CEA tissue staining in colorectal cancer patients--correlation with plasma CEA, histology and staging.

To study the expression of tissue carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by immunoperoxidase staining in colorectal adenocarcinomas and its relation with preoperative serum CEA and clinicopathological parameters, we studied 85 unselected patients who underwent resective surgery for colorectal adenocarcinomas and were followed up for a mean of 66 mths. All tumors except 2 showed positive staining for CEA. The staining pattern was classifiable into 4 types: apical, cytoplasmic, basolateral and stromal, according to the predominant sites of staining. We found a significant positive correlation between tissue CEA staining pattern and preoperative plasma CEA. Plasma CEA levels were higher when tumor cell staining extended to basolateral regions of the cells and into stromal tissues rather than restricted to apical and cytoplasmic regions (p = 0.012). Furthermore, tissue CEA staining also correlated positively with vascular invasion by tumor cells (p = 0.046), with basolateral and stromal types associated with more frequent vascular invasion than apical and cytoplasmic types. This was in contrast to the preoperative CEA which did not correlate with vascular permeation. We speculate that tissue CEA staining is useful in indicating possible vascular invasion even at early stage whereas vascular invasion by a larger tumor bulk or even tumor metastases may be necessary to produce an increased plasma CEA level that is detectable. On the other hand, preoperative plasma CEA had a strong, positive relationship with tumor stage and mortality (p < 0.001 for both). Preoperative CEA was higher in tumors showing moderate and poor differentiation, although it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.068), whereas tissue CEA staining had no correlation with tumor differention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

Zinc-specific N-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-para-toluenesulfonamide as a selective nontoxic fluorescence stain for pancreatic islets.

Separation of the endocrine from the exocrine pancreatic tissue by fluorescence activated sorting has been limited by the lack of an ideal fluorescent label for islet tissue. Our studies indicates the zinc-specific stain N-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-para-toluenesulfonamide (TSQ), has characteristics ideal for use as a fluorescent label for islet tissue. Dispersed rat pancreas cells stained with TSQ produced bright blue fluorescence when excited by UV light (peak emission wavelength at 480 nm, maximal excitation at 365 nm). The fluorescence was specific for islet tissue as confirmed by counterstaining with the islet-specific stain dithizone and there was minimal background staining of exocrine tissue. Stained tissue remained brightly fluorescent for 2 hr, with some fading by 4 hr. Injection of TSQ into rats at a concentration sufficient to produce staining of islets produced no toxicity discernible at 4 months. The viability of isolated rat islets stained with TSQ was maintained as shown by supravital staining, in vitro secretion of insulin, and reversal of diabetes after transplantation of stained islets into diabetic syngeneic recipients.

Aminoquinolines↗

PubMed1999

Colorectal liver metastasis thymidylate synthase staining correlates with response to hepatic arterial floxuridine.

We assessed whether intensity of colorectal liver metastasis staining with the thymidylate synthase (TS) antibody TS106 predicted response to hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of floxuridine chemotherapy. Liver metastasis biopsies were taken during laparotomy for hepatic arterial cannulation and stained using the TS106 monoclonal antibody. Staining intensity was designated at histological examination by two independent assessors as either "high" or "low." Patients were treated by HAI, and liver metastasis response was assessed by comparison of computed tomography scan tumor volume before and after 4 months of treatment. A significant correlation (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.01) was noted between partial response to HAI and TS106 staining intensity in patients with colorectal liver metastases. Seventy-five percent of patients with evidence of a partial response had low TS staining compared with 29% of nonresponders. There was a significant difference (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.01) in the proportion of low (9 of 16) compared with high (3 of 20) TS staining tumors in which a partial response occurred. There was no significant difference (logrank test, P = 0.4) in survival from hepatic cannulation and HAI treatment of high (median, 322 days; interquartile range, 236-411) compared with low (median, 335 days; interquartile range, 301-547) TS staining patients. This study demonstrates an inverse correlation between TS immunohistochemical staining intensity in colorectal liver metastases and response to HAI. The results suggest that a prospective assessment of TS staining intensity in colorectal liver metastases would be useful to determine whether this method can be used to define patients who will benefit from HAI chemotherapy.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitation of histochemical staining of salivary gland mucin using image analysis in cats and dogs.

Two different, computer-based, image analysis methods were employed to complement subjective assessment of patterns of mucin staining (by periodic acid Schiff/alcian blue, aldehyde fuchsin/alcian blue and potassium hydroxide-alcian blue/phenylhydrazine hydrocholoride) in digitised images of sections of major and minor salivary glands from cats and dogs. Image analysis based on red, green and blue (RGB) staining was not suitable for quantitation of histochemical staining of mucin in salivary glands. Image analysis based on hue, saturation and lightness (HSL) allowed quantitative assessment of staining by different stain components and of mixed staining, and enabled comparison of staining of different glands in dogs and cats. Quantitative analysis based on HSL allowed differentiation of differences in staining patterns of major and minor cat and dog salivary glands, and between the species; such differences would have been impossible to distinguish on subjective grounds alone. Quantitative assessment of normal salivary gland histochemistry allows comparison with staining patterns in disease.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Immunohistochemical staining properties of PCNA, Ki-67, p53, beta-hCG and HPL in trophoblastic disease.

OBJECTIVE: In this study proliferating markers PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) Ki-67 and mutation of supressor gene p53 were investigated in gestational trophoblastic disease (GTL). These markers were tested by using immunostaining with beta subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (HPL). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty curetting samples, 20 spontaneous abortions, 16 hydatidiform moles and two choriocarcinomas were studied and compared. Hydatidiform moles were subdivided into 10 complete and six partial moles by using flow cytometry analysis. All slides were stained with PCNA, Ki-67, p53, hCG, and HPL immunohistochemically. PCNA and Ki-67 stained slides were studied quantitatively to determine the PCNA and Ki-67 index. Other slides that were stained with p53, hCG, HPL were evaluated according to staining percentage and intensity. Staining properties of all groups were compared with each other. Variance analysis and the Mann Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. Choriocarcinomas were not included in the statistical analysis. Ki-67 and the PCNA index in two choriocarcinoma cases found 81.4% and 41%, and 44% and 64%, respectively. One case was stained in 70% with (++) intensity by p53. While both were stained in 80% with (++) intensity by hCG, one was stained in 30% field (+) intensity by HPL. RESULTS: The four groups of complete and incomplete diagnosed hydatiform moles, spontaneous abortions and retention curettage were matched in pairs and evaluated according to the PCNA index. This index showed significant differences among the groups. The differences among the Ki-67 index, p53, hCG and HPL staining properties were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that PCNA is a significant and useful marker for trophoblastic diseases and can be used as a prognostic factor.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Extrinsic stain prevention with a combination dentifrice containing calcium phosphate surface active builders compared to two marketed controls.

A six-week, randomized and controlled, examiner blind, parallel group clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the stain prevention efficacy of an experimental whitening dentifrice containing a combination of sodium hexametaphosphate and soluble pyrophosphate relative to a marketed high-abrasive dentifrice and a marketed control dentifrice. Following the collection of baseline stain scores and subsequent prophylaxis, healthy volunteers were randomized to one of three treatment regimens, balancing for stain levels and smoking status. Throughout the six-week treatment period, subjects brushed twice daily with the assigned dentifrice while following a rinse regimen of three times daily tea and once daily chlorhexidine. At baseline, three and six weeks, dental stain was measured on the facial and lingual surfaces of the eight anterior teeth using the Lobene Index. A total of 96 subjects completed the study. At three and six weeks, adjusted stain scores were highest in the control group and generally lowest in the sodium hexametaphosphate group for all Lobene parameters (intensity, area and composite). At three weeks, stain area and composite stain scores for the sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice were statistically significantly (p < 0.05) lower relative to the control, representing reductions of 30% and 33%, respectively. Similar numerical trends were observed after six weeks, with the sodium hexametaphosphate group showing reductions of 21% (p = 0.068) in stain area and 26% (p = 0.055) in composite stain relative to the control. The high-abrasive dentifrice was directionally, though not statistically superior to the control at three and six weeks. All three test products were well-tolerated.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Removal of extrinsic stain using a 7.0% sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice: a randomized clinical trial.

A nine-week, randomized and controlled clinical trial was conducted to compare the stain removal efficacy of a 0.243% sodium fluoride dentifrice containing 7% sodium hexametaphosphate (5% hexametaphosphate anion) to that of a 0.243% sodium fluoride control dentifrice. Following prophylaxis and a three-week pre-treatment period to induce extrinsic stain, healthy adult volunteers with tooth stain were randomized to the sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice or the control. Stain area and intensity were assessed at baseline, three and six weeks. At both three and six weeks, the sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice was statistically significantly superior to the control for all overall stain measures (p < 0.04). After six weeks of product usage, the sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice demonstrated reductions of 29% in composite stain, 24% in stain intensity, and 25% in stain area relative to the control. Significant reductions in composite stain were seen on both gingival and body regions for the sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice versus the control at three and six weeks. Both products demonstrated favorable safety profiles, as determined by oral soft tissue evaluations and recording of subject-reported adverse events.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Clinical study to compare extrinsic stain formation in subjects using three dentifrice formulations.

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of extrinsic dental stain formed with the use of three dentifrices: (1) a new dentifrice formulation containing 5.0% potassium nitrate and 0.454% stannous fluoride in a silica base (Colgate Sensitive Maximum Strength Toothpaste, Colgate-Palmolive Co.); (2) a commercially available dentifrice containing 5.0% potassium nitrate and 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Sensodyne Fresh Mint Toothpaste, Block Drug Company, Inc.); and (3) a dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Colgate Winterfresh Gel, Colgate-Palmolive Co.). A total of 121 participants were entered into the study and stratified into 3 balanced groups according to baseline mean Lobene Stain Index scores. A thorough dental prophylaxis was completed on each participant after completion of the baseline examination. The three groups were randomly assigned to use one of the three dentifrices. The groups were well balanced with regard to mean baseline stain index scores, gender, and tobacco habits. Participants were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for 1 minute with their assigned dentifrice and a commercially available soft-bristled toothbrush. Extrinsic dental stain examinations, which measured dental stain area and dental stain intensity, were conducted at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks. Examinations were conducted by the same dental examiner at each examination. After 4 and 8 weeks' use of the test dentifrices, there was no statistically significant difference regarding extrinsic stain formation with the use of any of the dentifrices. Thus, it can be concluded from this study that the use of a new formulation dentifrice containing 5.0% potassium nitrate and 0.454% stannous fluoride in a silica base will not result in a greater formation of extrinsic dental staining than that which is formed by two commercially available dentifrices not known to cause extrinsic dental stain.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Immunohistochemical staining of GLUT1 in benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian epithelia.

BACKGROUND: Aberrant expression of the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT1 is found in a wide spectrum of epithelial malignancies. The authors describe an immunohistochemical study of GLUT1 expression in benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian epithelia. METHODS: One hundred forty one formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were immunostained with rabbit anti-GLUT1 using the streptavidin-biotin method. The samples were as follows: 3 endometriotic cysts, 9 serous cystadenomas, 15 mucinous cystadenomas, 17 noninvasive borderline implants, 3 invasive borderline implants, and 3 endosalpingiosis. In addition, 35 borderline tumors (26 serous, 7 mucinous, 2 seromucinous) and 56 adenocarcinomas (50 serous, 4 endometrioid, 2 mucinous) were stained. RESULTS: Benign serous and mucinous cystadenomas and endosalpingiosis were non-staining with GLUT1 antiserum. Twenty-eight of 35 borderline tumors (80%) stained positively, with weak to moderate (1-2+ out of 3) staining intensity and focal or patchy distribution. Seventeen noninvasive serous borderline implants were negatively stained; however, three invasive serous borderline implants were positively stained with GLUT1 antiserum. Fifty four of 56 ovarian carcinomas (96%) stained positively, with moderate to strong (2-3+ out of 3) intensity and multifocal distribution. CONCLUSIONS: GLUT1 is a consistent marker of ovarian epithelial malignancy. GLUT1 staining is absent in benign ovarian epithelial tumors, and shows progressively more staining in invasive tumors as compared to borderline tumors. Anti-GLUT1 antibody may be useful in distinguishing invasive from noninvasive serous borderline implants.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed1999

[The efficacy on natural extrinsic stain of Colgate whitening dentifrice--eight-week study].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect on natural extrinsic dental stain by use of a dentifrice containing 1% tetrasodium polyphosphate (TSPP), 7% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), 0.243% sodium fluoride and 10% high cleaning silica (HCS) over an eight-week period was compared to a sodium fluoride/silica placebo dentifrice without stain removal ingredients. METHODS: Ninety one subjects were selected and stratified into two balanced groups randomly assigned to use the test dentifrice or the placebo dentifrice. The two groups were well balanced with regard to their mean baseline stain index scores, gender and tobacco habits. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for one minute with their assigned dentifrice and a commercially available soft bristled toothbrush. Extrinsic dental stain examinations, which included mean stain area and mean stain intensity, were conducted at baseline, four and eight weeks. The same dental examiner conducted examinations on the subjects at each examination. RESULTS: After eight-week use of their assigned products, those subjects in the TSPP/STPP/HCS dentifrice group demonstrated a statistically significant (P = 0.0001) stain reduction of 37.1%, as compared to the fluoride placebo dentifrice group without stain removal ingredients. CONCLUSION: The use of a dentifrice containing 1% tetrasodium polyphosphate, 7% sodium tripolyphosphate, 0.243% sodium fluoride and 10% high cleaning silica is effective in reducing natural extrinsic dental stain, when compared to a placebo fluoride dentifrice.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Clinical comparison of the stain-removal efficacy of a novel liquid whitening gel containing 18% carbamide peroxide and a commercially available whitening dentifrice.

The objective of this examiner-blind clinical study was to compare the extrinsic tooth-stain removal efficacy of a novel, nontray, "paint-on" liquid whitening gel containing 18% carbamide peroxide (Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel) with a commercially available whitening dentifrice. After a baseline examination for extrinsic tooth stain, qualifying adult men and women from Canada were randomized into two treatment groups balanced for age, gender, and level of extrinsic tooth stain. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for 1 minute with their assigned dentifrice (Group 1: nonwhitening dentifrice; Group 2: whitening dentifrice). The subjects in Group 1 also were instructed to use the paint-on whitening gel for 30 minutes twice daily. Examinations for extrinsic tooth stain were repeated after 2 and 3 weeks. Ninety-seven subjects complied with the protocol and completed the entire study. At both the 2- and 3-week examinations, subjects assigned to the liquid whitening gel-treatment group exhibited statistically significant reductions in extrinsic tooth stain (P < .05) with respect to stain area (22.7% reduction at 3 weeks), stain intensity (26.3% reduction at 3 weeks), and overall stain removal (32% reduction at 3 weeks) compared with the commercially available whitening dentifrice group. Thus, the results of the examiner-blind clinical study support the conclusion that Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel provides a significantly greater level of extrinsic tooth-stain removal efficacy than a commercially available whitening dentifrice.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Distinction between renal and nonrenal hematuria using immunoperoxidase staining of erythrocytes in urine for Tamm-Horsfall protein].

A recently described immunocytochemical staining method to distinguish renal from non-renal haematuria was adapted for use in the standard clinical chemical laboratory. The method is based on the observation that only in case of renal haematuria are erythrocytes in urine coated with so-called Tamm-Horsfall protein, originating from the renal tubuli. Erythrocytes in urine were stained using an indirect immunoperoxidase method, resulting in cells with dark-brown stained surfaces. The staining methods were validated with material from clinically diagnosed cases of haematuria of renal or non-renal origin and compared with scores of the number of dysmorphic erythrocytes, another method to distinguish renal from non-renal haematuria. In specimens of presumed strictly renal haematuria 86% (SD 8.7; n = 26) of the erythrocytes stained immunocytochemically. However, in specimens of haematuria originating from bleeding in the renal pelvis few cells stained (6%; SD 5.8; n = 4). In specimens of purely non-renal haematuria only 13% (SD 13.5; n = 21) stained. Immunocytochemical staining of erythrocytes permitted a much better distinction between renal and non-renal haematuria, with better sensitivity and specificity, than the inspection of erythrocyte morphology. We conclude that immunochemical staining of erythrocytes in urine is a valuable method for distinguishing renal and non-renal haematuria.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed2004

[Identification of the source and types of cells of Schistosoma japonicum by histochemical staining].

OBJECTIVE: To study the possibility on in vitro identifying the source or kinds of cells from Schistosoma japonicum (S.j). METHODS: The cells from digested tissues of 18 days old schistosomula were smeared on slides. The adult worms of S.j were used for making paraffin sections. The cell smears and tissue sections were stained with 6 different methods of histochemical staining including Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Argyrophil reaction (by Grimeliu's), Picric acid-acid Fuchsin (by Van Gieson, VG), Thionin, Toluidine blue (TB) and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining parallelly. The results were judged through inspecting the specific color of the cells on smears referring to location of corresponding staining of paraffin sections of adult worm tissues under light microscopy. RESULTS: Vitelline gland cells, mother germ cells, nerve cells, digestive epithelial cells, muscular cells and mast cells were shown clearly. The stainings of VG, PAS and Thionin demonstrated cell types coinciding to histological location. The TB staining did not find red-purple mast cell in tissue sections but one in cell smears. The Grimeliu's argyrophil reaction displayed that intestine wall of tissure sections and stained cells of cell smears were in black clearly. CONCLUSION: HE staining together with histochemical staining can reliably and rapidly distinguish the cell types of Schistosoma japonicum.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Extrinsic tooth stain removal efficacy of a sodium bicarbonate dual-phase dentifrice containing calcium and phosphate in a six-week clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this clinical investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness in removing existing extrinsic tooth stains of a sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), dual-phase dentifrice containing calcium and phosphate (Test Dentifrice), when compared to a commercial hydrated silica dentifrice (Control Dentifrice), during a six-week period of normal, unsupervised use. METHODOLOGY: This investigation was a double-blind comparison of two equivalent, parallel groups of subjects assigned to use different dentifrices for six weeks. A total of 108 adult male and female subjects qualified for the trial based on the presence of existing extrinsic tooth stains and other inclusion/exclusion criteria. The two groups were balanced for gender, tobacco use, and extrinsic tooth stain scores, and randomly assigned the Test or Control dentifrices. All subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily using only the dentifrice and toothbrush provided, and to refrain from using any other oral hygiene products for the duration of the study. Although product usage was unsupervised after the baseline visit, subjects maintained a treatment diary, and product consumption was monitored to estimate compliance. Oral soft and hard tissue and extrinsic stain assessments (Modified Lobene Stain Index) for each subject were conducted at baseline and after two, four, and six weeks of product use. RESULTS: A total of 107 subjects complied with the protocol and completed the six-week study. Compared to baseline, at the two-, four-, and six-week examinations the Test Dentifrice group had statistically significant reductions in extrinsic tooth stain. In contrast, the Control Dentifrice group did not attain significant reductions from baseline at any of the exams. At both the four-week and six-week examinations, the Test Dentifrice group had significantly lower levels of extrinsic tooth stain than the Control Dentifrice group. CONCLUSION: A sodium bicarbonate, dual-phase dentifrice containing calcium and phosphate demonstrated statisically significant efficacy in removing naturally acquired, extrinsic tooth stain, and was significantly more effective for stain removal than a commercially available, hydrated silica dentifrice.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

The cytoplasmic dot staining pattern is detected in a subgroup of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical significance of the cytoplasmic dot anti-"nuclear" antibody (ANA) staining pattern. METHODS: We describe a patient with fatigue, arthralgias, elevated serum transaminase, and antibodies staining 5-20 cytoplasmic dots in HEp-2 cells. A liver biopsy revealed the presence of Stage III primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Using 2-color immunofluorescence, we determined the relationship between the cytoplasmic dot staining pattern and that produced by antibodies directed against the GW182 component of mRNA processing bodies. To determine the prevalence of the cytoplasmic dot staining pattern in patients with PBC, sera from 493 patients were tested for antibodies producing this staining pattern. RESULTS: Antibodies in our patient's serum colocalized with anti-GW182 antibodies in cytoplasmic dots, but did not react with recombinant GW182, suggesting that they were directed against an additional component(s) of these structures. The cytoplasmic dot staining pattern was observed in 21 of 493 (4.3%) patients with PBC. In comparison, this staining pattern was not produced by serum from 248 patients with other autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSION: A subset of patients with PBC have autoantibodies that produce the cytoplasmic dot staining pattern. These antibodies react with one or more as yet unidentified components of the mRNA processing body. Appreciation of the clinical significance of the cytoplasmic dot staining pattern may assist in appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients with PBC.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Immunohistochemical staining for apolipoprotein B in human sarcomas.

A study of immunocytochemical staining for apolipoprotein B (apo B) in 52 human sarcomas and eight benign soft-tissue tumors is described. A peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was employed using a rabbit anti-apo B antiserum. All 27 liposarcomas examined were positive for apo B, and 23 of these tumors showed at least 2-plus staining on a scale of 0 to 3 plus. Of the ten myxoid liposarcomas within this group, seven showed 2-plus or 3-plus staining, while the other three stained 1 plus. By contrast, 11 of 13 malignant fibrous histiocytomas were negative for apo B; the remainder showed 1-plus staining. Myxoid areas present in three of these cases were negative for apo B. Five of seven rhabdomyosarcomas stained at least 2 plus for apo B. Both benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors showed no consistent pattern of staining. We conclude that apo B immunocytochemical staining tends to be high in tumors whose normal tissue counterparts exhibit relatively large numbers of low-density lipoprotein receptors. Furthermore, immunoperoxidase staining for apo B should be a useful adjunct in the evaluation of soft-tissue sarcomas, particularly in cases with myxoid differentiation.

Apolipoproteins B↗

PubMed1981

Basement membrane changes in breast cancer detected by immunohistochemical staining for laminin.

The distribution of the basement membrane glycoprotein laminin was studied by the immunoperoxidase technique in benign and malignant human breast tissue and in axillary lymph nodes from patients with breast cancer. An antiserum prepared against rat laminin was used. The specificity of this antiserum against human laminin was studied using the FL cell line of human epithelial-like cells derived from normal amniotic membrane. The antiserum reacted with these cells in immunoperoxidase staining and precipitated metabolically labeled secreted polypeptides which comigrated with polypeptides with molecular weights of 400,000 and 200,000 of rat laminin in sodium dodecyl sulfate:polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The neoplastic cells in malignant breast tissues showed strong cytoplasmic staining for laminin, and a positive reaction was aslo found in lymph node metastases. In some cases in which only micrometastases were present, these cells also stained strongly for laminin. In nonmalignant breast tissues, the epithelial cells of the duct were positive for laminin, but the staining was weaker than in the carcinomas. Pretreatment of the fixed tissue sections with trypsin markedly enhanced the staining of basement membranes for laminin. In trypsin-treated sections of normal breast tissue and benign lesions, the laminin staining delineated continuous basement membranes. In carcinomas representing the more differentiated types, basement membranes presumably produced by the tumor cells could be revealed by laminin staining, but they were thinner and discontinuous. The poorly differentiated carcinomas lacked organized basement membranes detectable by laminin staining. Our studies suggest that staining for laminin may be a useful adjunct test for detection of micrometatases in lymph nodes. The correlation of disintegration of the laminin-containing basement membranes of tumors with increasingly anaplastic appearance supports the notion that basement membranes may play a role in tumor invasion.

Basement Membrane↗

PubMed1994

Immunohistochemistry of port-wine stains and normal skin with endothelium-specific antibodies PAL-E, anti-ICAM-1, anti-ELAM-1, and anti-factor VIIIrAg.

BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Immunohistochemical analysis using four monoclonal antibodies specific for endothelium was performed to evaluate the possible role the endothelium may play in the pathogenesis of port-wine stains. In 11 patients with port-wine stains, biopsy specimens were obtained from involved and normal skin. On frozen tissue sections, we studied and compared the distribution and staining pattern of PAL-E, anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), anti-endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), and anti-factor VIIIrAg (FVIIIrAg), all recognizing specific epitopes of vascular endothelial cells. RESULTS: The PAL-E, anti-FVIIIrAg, and anti-ICAM-1 antibodies showed a similar distribution and staining pattern. The intensity of staining was equally strong with PAL-E and FVIIIrAg, while the expression of ICAM-1 was moderate. The ELAM-1 antibody exhibited only a weak expression in about 70% of evaluated specimens. No substantial differences in the intensity and distribution pattern of expression of these proteins could be demonstrated between normal skin and port-wine stains. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the abnormal vessel pathologic findings in port-wine stains are not due to defects associated with the endothelium. According to PAL-E antibody staining properties, port-wine stain vessels could be classified as capillaries and/or postcapillary venules and small veins.

Adult↗