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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources

PubMed1984

Bone strain in the equine tibia: an in vivo strain gauge analysis.

Rosette strain gauges were bonded to the cranial, caudal, and medial surfaces of the tibia in the middiaphyseal region of 6 adult ponies. While the ponies were walking, the cranial side was mainly subjected to tension, and the caudal side, to compression. The compression strain on the caudal side was 1.5 times greater than the tension strain on the cranial side. None of these principal strains was aligned along the long axis of the bone; both deviated laterally from the long axis. On the medial surface, the principal strain deviated caudally about 40 degrees from the long axis. From analysis of the strain patterns on the 3 sides of the bone, it could be concluded that during loading of the tibia, torsion was superimposed on craniocaudal bending. The strain pattern was not affected after transection of the cranial tibial muscle, as determined by measuring with the same gauges before and after surgical interference. The contribution of the cranial tibial muscle in reducing the strain in the tibial cortex was therefore very small.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

A new method of measuring bone density in the lower tibia of normal and postinjury limbs. A quantitative and comparative study.

In osteoporosis, a pathologic state of diminution of bone mass, radiography is the most widely used diagnostic method, but it is only descriptive and mainly depicts changes in the compacta. Based on the Compton photon-scattering phenomenon, a noninvasive yet quantitative measuring method for analyzing bone density was developed. The values of repeated measurements taken at identical locations did not vary by more than 2%. Using this technique, bone density of the lower tibia was measured in 39 men and 36 women; 14 had been affected by an injury to a knee or calf and immobilized five to eight years prior to this investigation. The measured values demonstrated an impressive equality between the tibiae of each individual and between the two sexes up to 50 years of age. However, these values correlated poorly with the bone density of the distal radius. In women older than 50 years of age, bone density decreased. Bone density was also low in all postinjury limbs. When compared with radiographic and bone mineral content (BMC) measurements of the same limb at the same location, the bone density measurements were useful and reduced the range of uncertainty of diagnosing osteoporosis by radiography only. Little or no correlation was found between bone density values and BMC measurements. The Compton scattering technique may become a precise and sensitive method for the clinical diagnosis of postinjury osteoporosis and quantitation of the long-term effects of limb injuries.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Osteotomy for tibia vara in Paget's disease under cover of calcitonin.

Five women with Paget's disease of the tibia were seen with pain in the knee, ankle, or both, as well as with tibial bone pain. All had tibia vara and internal torsion of the tibial shaft. Osteotomy to correct the deformities was preceded by a course of calcitonin which relieved the bone pain but did not relieve the articular pain. Relief after satisfactory correction of the tibial deformity was achieved in all patients. Calcitonin effectively minimized bleeding at the osteotomy site and complications were not encountered.

Aged↗

PubMed1982

[Epiphysiolysis of the distal tibia. Treatment and results].

23 patients with traumatic epiphyseolysis of the distal tibia with and without additional metaphysical fragment have been seen at the Surgical Department of the University Children's Hospital, Zurich. 21 were treated conservatively, only 2 were operated upon. 21 of the 23 children were found for follow-up 2 to 11 years, mean 6 years after trauma. 15 were well and without any clinical symptoms, 6 had occasional slight pains with changing weather etc. Clinical examination was normal in all patients. 4 had axial malposition of more than 8 degrees at X-ray control. One patient with additional periostal interposition had an early epiphyseal closure and needed therefore an epiphyseodesis of the contralateral distal tibia. None of the 21 patients had more than 10 mm difference in length compared with the non-injured leg. Our late results confirm that in cases of traumatic epiphyseolysis, the conservative way is usually the treatment of choice.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Osteofibrous dysplasia of the tibia and fibula.

Osteofibrous dysplasia of the tibia and fibula is not a well recognized entity. We have seen thirty-five patients with the disease. Twenty-two comparable cases have been reported in the literature with such diagnoses as ossifying fibroma, congenital fibrous dysplasia, and congenital fibrous defect of the tibia. The main differential diagnosis is with fibrous dysplasia and with adamantinoma of a long bone. Twelve of our patients had long-term follow-up and some of the lesions regressed spontaneously. Osteofibrous dysplasia seldom has even a moderate tendency to progress during childhood, but it recurs frequently after curettage or subperiosteal resection. Such recurrences generally are moderately progressive or not progressive at all. Any progression of the lesion comes to an end after puberty. Attempts at radical surgery either primarily or after recurrence do not seem to be necessary. Surgery should be delayed as long as possible and should be restricted to extensive lesions. The results of surgical treatment usually are good even in patients with a recurrence, fracture, or pseudarthrosis.

Ameloblastoma↗

PubMed1995

The expression of collagen mRNAs in normally developing neonatal rabbit long bones and after treatment of neonatal and adult rabbit tibiae with transforming growth factor-beta 2.

Normal transverse growth of long bones is by periosteal appositional bone formation, balanced by endosteal resorption. Changes in the distribution of cells that are expressing collagen mRNAs during growth were determined using digoxigenin-labelled riboprobes. In neonatal rabbit tibiae osteoblasts expressing type I collagen mRNA are found on periosteal, and at early stages on endosteal, bone surfaces and lining peripheral cavities. Occasional osteocytes express type I collagen mRNA very weakly. The pattern is disrupted when transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) is injected daily into the periosteum of neonatal animals; there is increased bone, and later cartilage, formation. Three injections of 20 ng TGF-beta 2 onto the tibia of 3-day-old rabbits led to an increase of periosteal osteoblasts that express the mRNA for type I collagen. Some endosteal osteoblasts and osteocytes in newly-formed peripheral woven bone also express the mRNA. After five injections chondrocytes expressing type II collagen mRNA are found around the injection site. Similar injections of TGF-beta 2 in old rabbits induce only fibrous tissue within which some cells express type I collagen mRNA. This precise localization of mRNAs shows that the expression of type I or II collagen mRNA is here restricted to osteoblasts and chondrocytes, respectively.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

An evaluation of electrodischarged prototype implants in rabbit tibia: a preliminary study.

This is the first in a series of biological investigations using a porous implant fabricated by a novel process known as electrodischarge compaction (EDC). This process uses Ti-6A1-4V powder and electrical energy to construct a beaded porous implant without any compromise in physical characteristics, often found with conventional sintering. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone response in rabbit tibia of a porous titanium prototype implant fabricated by this new technique. One hundred forty-four porous EDC-fabricated implants were placed into the tibia of 36 New Zealand rabbits. Animals were placed into one of six time periods (2, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 weeks). At the appropriate time period, animals were killed, and bone ingrowth was evaluated qualitatively by light and scanning electron microscopy. Bone/implant interface bond strength was also measured. Slight bone ingrowth was observed as early as the two-week time period and increased in depth at each time period for the duration of the study. Implant/bone bond strength was measurable at four weeks and continued until reaching a plateau at week 12. The results of this study suggest that this novel EDC implant may be suitable for continued development of an easily fabricated, cost-effective dental implant.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1995

The acute vascular response to intramedullary reaming. Microsphere estimation of blood flow in the intact ovine tibia.

The tibial nutrient artery supplies 62% of cortical blood flow in the diaphysis and normal blood flow is centrifugal (Willans 1987). Intramedullary reaming destroys the nutrient artery and injures the endosteal surface of the cortex. Trueta (1974) suggested that the direction of blood flow can reverse from centrifugal to centripetal after loss of the endosteal supply. We examined this hypothesis by measuring cortical and periosteal blood flow after intramedullary reaming of the tibia in eight sheep, using 57Co radiolabelled microspheres. The unreamed contralateral tibiae served as a control group. Thirty minutes after reaming there was no significant change in cortical blood flow, but a sixfold increase in the periosteal flow. Our study confirms Trueta's hypothesis; after trauma or in other pathological states, flow can become centripetal.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Adamantinoma of the proximal end of the tibia. A case].

Adamantinoma is a rare primary tumour of long bones containing mesenchymatous and epithelial cells. There has been some controversy over the pathogenesis. We observed a localization in the right tibia. A 22-year-old patient from Algeria was seen for spontaneous progressively increasing pain in the upper part of the right tibia. The patient's general health had deteriorated somewhat, with fever. On examination there was ulceration of the skin, costal and pelvic pain and inflammatory right inguinal lymph nodes. Radiography revealed lateral metaphyseal lytic image with interruption of the cortex also seen on magnetic resonance imaging which revealed invasion of the soft tissue and multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules. Bone scintigraphy showed several zones of hyperfixation. The diagnosis of adamantinoma was confirmed by pathology examination of the biopsy specimen. On surgical exeresis, the capsule of the knee joint was found to be involved without invasion of the knee joint. Node dissection showed inguinal and popliteal invasion. Macroscopically, the surgical specimen was a red-whitish osteolytic tumour. Microscopically, the tumour was composed of hyperchromatic epithelial cells in an abondant fibrous stroma. Immunohistochemical studies were negative for vimentine, cytokeratin and factor VIII. Adjuvant chemotherapy was based on a sarcoma protocol. Unfortunately, after two cycles, white cell counts fell sharply and multiple skin nodules appeared together with progression of the bone metastases. The chemotherapy was modified without any therapeutic effect and the patient died in February 1993. An epithelial origin would appear most probable, but at least two groups of adamantinoma can be described: one with typical epithelial differenciation and one overlapping to the differential diagnosis of osteofibrous dysplasia. Although considered as a low grade malignant tumour, we emphasize the aggressive forms with local relapse or metastatic resistance to chemotherapy. Treatment relies on wide surgery and prognosis is generally good. Neither chemotherapy nor radiotherapy has stood the test of time in cases with metastasis.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Local blood circulation, uptake of 45Ca, 85Sr and 3H-proline and mineral levels in the tibia of female rats: comparison and changes after administration of estradiol].

After six weeks' administration of estradiol benzoate (Agofollin Depot, 1 mg s.c. once a week) we determined in the first part of 70 days old female rats the uptake of 85Sr-microspheres and local blood flow in the tibia, in the second part 24 hours' incorporation of 45Ca and 3H-proline and in the third part 2 hours' uptake of 85Sr, bone density and ash weight related to 1 ml of bone volume. We observed the following statistically significant changes: decrease in the uptake of 85Sr-microspheres and local blood flow, decrease in the incorporation of 45Ca, 3H-proline and 85Sr, increase in the density and ash weight of the tibia. The rise of bone mineral content simultaneously with reduced indicators of bone formation and particularly of the mineralization seems to be in the connection with the suppression of bone resorption under the influence of estrogen. Qualitatively identical reactions of circulatory and metabolic indicators to the administration of estradiol may be a reflection of mutual physiological interconnections.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Sex determination from the tibia: standards for contemporary Japan.

It is vital that skeletal biologists and forensic anthropologists observe populations over time so that changes can be detected and monitored. The purpose of this study is to determine if temporal changes are manifest in the skeleton and, if so, develop appropriate standards to determine sex from the tibia in the contemporary inhabitants of Japan. Osteometric data were obtained from 84 recent Japanese skeletons located at Jikei Medical University, Tokyo. The collection was assembled from the anatomy dissecting room between 1960-1970. With a mean age of about 56 years for males and 51 for females, this sample represents individuals who lived through WWII. Seven tibial measurements were taken and subjected to SPSS-X discriminant function analysis. Results indicated that proximal and distal breadth measurements were selected by the stepwise procedure as the most discriminating. In addition, a number of combinations of measurements were used to develop formulae that would be suitable for fragmentary bones. Average prediction accuracy ranged from 80% from minimum shaft circumference to 89% with proximal epiphyseal breadth. Classification accuracy was higher in males (96%) than in females (79%). Compared with earlier studies of the Japanese, Jikei tibiae are longer, especially in females and thus exhibit less sexual dimorphism. The present research provides new standards that better reflect the Japanese people of today. Furthermore, unlike earlier length based formulae, these results allow sexing from fragmentary bones.

Female↗

PubMed1994

[Adamantinoma of the tibia].

Adamantinoma of the tibia is a rare, malignant growth originating in epithelial fetal cells. We present a 17-year-old girl who had prolonged pain in her right calf for 6 years. X-ray showed a growing malignant lesion whose nature was confirmed by biopsy. After planning the anatomical and functional aspects, the tibia was excised in its diaphyseal part, which included the growth with wide margins. Iliac bone was implanted in place of excised tibial bone. After 1 year the implant showed complete healing and had grown to impressive size, ensuring safe carrying of body weight, and the length and function of the limb were completely normal. 4 years postoperatively no pathologic lesion was noted on clinical examination, in X-rays nor in another biopsy of the implanted bone and the surrounding soft tissues.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Bone mineral density of lengthened rabbit tibia is enhanced by transplantation of fresh autologous bone marrow cells. An experimental study using dual X-ray absorptiometry.

Autologous bone marrow cells were transplanted into the primitive callus in the lengthened tibia in young and adult rabbits. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the lengthened callus was evaluated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Basal BMD in the lengthened callus in the young rabbits was higher than that in the adult rabbits (p < 0.001). Transplantation of fresh suspended bone marrow cells increased the BMD in the young (p < 0.01) and adult (p < 0.001) groups. In the young rabbits, lysate of the bone marrow cells decreased the BMD (p < 0.005). Transplantation of cultured colony-forming cells or of separated multinucleated marrow cells did not increase the BMD. The authors' study indicates that the osteogenesis of the lengthened rabbit tibia is enhanced by transplantation of fresh autologous bone marrow cells.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Biodegradable ceramic-collagen composite implanted in rabbit tibiae.

To develop an artificial bone substitute that would be gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerating natural bone, a carbonate apatite type I atelocollagen (82/12 in v/v%) composite was designed. The carbonate apatite synthesized at 58 degrees C demonstrated a crystallinity similar to that of natural bone. Type I atelocollagen was purified from human umbilical cords. Carbonate apatite-atelocollagen composite rods (diameter 6 mm x height 10 mm) were irradiated by ultraviolet ray (wave length 254 nm) for 4 hr to increase the collagen fibrillar cross links. Rabbit tibiae were dissected to prepare an artificial total bone defect (length 10 mm). The composites and porous hydroxyapatite rods, sintered at 1200 degrees C, were implanted into the defects and the tibiae were fixed by external osseofixators. The implanted composites were gradually degraded in the lesions, and the regenerated bone totally replaced the defects within 6 weeks, while the hydroxyapatite rod implanted lesions were not replaced by bone. No specific histologic abnormalities appeared in either the hydroxyapatite or composite rod implanted lesions.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

The Ilizarov method in the management of giant-cell tumours of the proximal tibia.

We have used the Ilizarov technique for the management of subarticular defects after the excision of giant-cell tumours in the proximal tibia in five patients. The defect was reconstructed with a segment of 5 to 6 cm obtained from the diaphysis of the affected tibia and by autogenous bone graft from the iliac crest. The newly developed defect in the diaphysis was reconstructed by distraction using the Ilizarov apparatus. Bone grafting at the docking site was performed soon after positioning the bone segments. The mean length of the bone defect was 5.7 cm and the mean duration of external fixation was 233 days. The relative blood flow in the leg measured by 99mTc angiography increased by 1.7 to 2.3 times that of the control level during distraction and consolidation. When seen at a mean of 43 months all patients showed a normal range of motion in the knee and ankle with no collapse of the articular surfaces.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

A light and scanning electron microscopic evaluation of electro-discharge-compacted porous titanium implants in rabbit tibia.

This study used light and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) histomorphometric methods to quantitate the rate of osseointegration of totally porous titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) implants prepared by a novel fabrication technique--electrodischarge compaction (EDC). EDC was used to fuse 150-250-micrometer spherical titanium alloy beads into 4 X 6 mm cylindrical implants through application of a 300-microsecond pulse of high-voltage/high-current density. Two sterilized implants were surgically placed into each tibia of 20 New Zealand white rabbits and left in situ for periods corresponding to 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. At each time point, 4 rabbits were humanely killed, and the implants with surrounding bone were removed, fixed, and sectioned for light and SEM studies. The degree of osseointegration was quantitated by means of a True Grid Digitizing Pad and Jandel Scan Version 3.9 software on an IBM PS/2 computer. The total pore area occupied by bone was divided by the total pore area available for bone ingrowth, and a Bone Ingrowth Factor (BIF) was calculated as a percent. The light microscopic results showed BIFs of 4% at week 2, 47% at week 4, 62% at week 8, 84% at week 12, and greater than 90% at week 24. The SEM results showed BIFs of 5% at week 2, 34% at week 4, 69% at week 8, 75% at week 12, and in excess of 90% at week 24. The results of this study show that EDC implants are biocompatible and support rapid osseointegration in the rabbit tibia and suggest that, after additional studies, they may be suitable for use as dental implants in humans.

Alloys↗

PubMed1997

Congenital anterolateral bowing of the tibia with ipsilateral polydactyly of the great toe.

We report on two cases of congenital unilateral anterolateral bowing and focal defect of the tibia associated with ipsilateral polydactyly of the great toe. Computed tomographic examination showed an unusual partial cleft of the tibia at the site of bowing. A long follow-up of one patient showed spontaneous resolution of the bowing without progression to pseudoarthrosis. These anomalies should be considered as a new entity related to the tibial developmental field.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Brace treatment of early infantile tibia vara.

We reviewed 24 children (42 extremities) who had a diagnosis of early infantile tibia vara treated by using a brace. The indication for bracing was either a varus deformity that was not improving by age 18-24 months, or a persistent varus deformity seen in a patient older than 24 months. We prescribed an above-the-knee brace with a free ankle, single medial upright with valgus-producing straps, and either no hinged joint or a locked hinge joint at the knee. The braces were worn during the day and were removed for bedtime. The patients were followed up for an average of 27.2 months (range, 12-72) from the initiation of brace treatment, and the outcome at latest follow-up was determined by using radiographic criteria. Before treatment, 29 extremities were Langenskiöld stage I, II were stage II, and two were stage III. Before treatment, the metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle averaged 16.4 degrees. Forty of the 42 extremities had metaphyseal-diaphyseal angles of > 11 degrees, and 20 were > 16 degrees. Based on our criteria, we rated 29 extremities good, nine fair, and four poor. We conclude that daytime, ambulatory brace treatment may favorably alter the natural history of tibia vara in patients who are younger than 3 years and who have Langenskiöld stage I or II deformity.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗