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Results for “ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL”

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PubMed1978

An amphetamine model of manic depressive illness.

Many features of manic-depressive illness can be mimicked in man by the use and withdrawal of amphetamines. In higher doses these drugs induce a syndrome virtually indistinguishable from paranoid schizophrenia. In this paper, some of the biochemical and physiological effects of the amphetamines are examined with the hope of clarifying the nature of the biological changes in these two major functional psychoses. The actions of the amphetamines are shown to reveal the operation of specific homeostatic or adaptive nervous mechanisms. These appear likely also to operate in adaptation to psychological stress. Evidence is presented that these mechanisms are malfunctioning in manic-depressive and acute schizophrenic states and that this accounts for many of the clinical features of these conditions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Stress in UK families conducting intensive home-based behavioral intervention for their young child with autism.

There is increasing international interest in intensive home-based behavioral intervention for children with autism. In the present study, 141 UK parents conducting such interventions completed a questionnaire addressing issues of stress, coping, and support. Regression analyses showed that parents' stress levels were predicted mainly by psychological rather than demographic variables. In particular, adaptive coping strategies, informal social support sources, and beliefs about the efficacy of the intervention were associated with lower reported stress and higher levels of autism symptomatology were associated with higher reported stress. There was also evidence that the use of Passive Appraisal coping and beliefs about the efficacy of the interventions moderated the effects of autism symptomatology on parents' pessimism. Implications of these findings for future research and for the support of families engaged in intensive home-based behavioral intervention are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of the overall quality of life in 50 long-term survivors of autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Fifty long-term survivors of bone marrow transplant (mean post-transplant time = 42.4 months) participated in a study examining their psychosocial adjustment and quality of life. Differences between patients who received an autologous marrow transplant and those who received an allogeneic marrow transplant were identified. Patients with an autologous transplant had mainly psychological difficulties in their post-transplant adaptation, whereas patients with allogeneic transplant developed more physical problems. Overall, their psychosocial adjustment was similar and comparable with other medical groups of patients. A quarter of both groups had failed to return to work/education and up to 9.5% had difficulty in carrying out daily tasks. Twenty per cent of the patients with autologous transplant had clinical signs of anxiety and 10% clinical signs of depression, whereas there was an incidence of 10% of patients with allogeneic transplant with anxiety, but no cases with clinical depression. Family relationships were found to be more integrated and lower in conflict compared with normal families. Quality of life has been described as good to excellent in most of the patients. Multiple regression analysis showed that physical symptomatology, vocational adjustment and depression are predictors of the degree of the patients' quality of life.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

EMDR: a new treatment for trauma and chronic pain.

EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) is a new psychological treatment for trauma that is capable of facilitating rapid and permanent reduction in distressing thoughts and feelings (Carlson et al. 1998,Wilson et al. 1995). In addition to reduction of psychological distress, the method leads to more adaptive attitudes and functioning. The utility of the method also appears to extend beyond trauma with positive results reported in the treatment of addictions, phobias, and pain (Henry 1996, Goldstein & Feske 1994, Grant 1986). As a treatment for pain EMDR offers a method of facilitating permanent changes in how pain is experienced somatically and emotionally. Knowledge and understanding of the principles underlying EMDR can also provide a guide for more effective interventions by pain specialists.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

[Current treatment strategies for paediatric burns].

Paediatric burns occupy the third place in the severe accident statistics in Germany after traffic injuries and drowning. The paper reviews current treatment concepts of pre-hospital management, fluid resuscitation and surgical therapy in paediatric burned patients. Specific features in the approximation of the total body surface area burn and indications for transfer of paediatric burn victims to specialized units are discussed. The therapy of severe paediatric burns requires an interdisciplinary team consisting of especially skilled plastic or paediatric surgeons,anaesthetists, psychiatrists or psychologists, specifically trained nurses, physiotherapists and social workers. The rehabilitation process starts basically with admission to the burn unit. A tight cooperation between therapists and the relatives of the paediatric burn victim is needed for psychological recovery and reintegration into society.'The adaptation to the suffered trauma resulting in life-long disability and disfigurement is the main task of psychotherapy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

A closer look at social support as a moderator of stress in breast cancer.

This study explored the effects of perceived social support from friends, family, and spouses on the psychological adjustment of 135 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Initial data analyses revealed moderate correlations between greater psychological distress and lower levels of social support. However, when the personality variable of social desirability was controlled for, the relationship between social support and well-being were substantially weakened or eliminated. It is concluded that characteristics of the person, rather than of the situation, underlie the apparent relationship between social support and adjustment to illness. Social workers are advised to make in-depth assessments of ego strengths and past psychological functioning as better predictors of patient adaptation to disease.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

The impact of JRA on children, adolescents, and their families. Current research and implications for future studies.

This article focusses on the impact of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) on children, adolescents, and their families. Investigations reported in the literature that consider the etiologic role of psychopathology and JRA, psychologic adjustment/maladjustment of adolescents with JRA, family adaptation to chronic illness, and changes in the family that affect health outcomes and treatment compliance are critically reviewed. Methodologic and research design issues are discussed in relation to previous investigations, and implications for future research are presented.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Psychological factors in cardiac rehabilitation.

Patients who are recovering from myocardial infarction or coronary surgery may have psychological symptoms but they are not psychiatric patients. Their emotional responses are normal. With appropriate psychological support, they will be able to adapt to and master the changes in their lives.

Activities of Daily Living↗