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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

A nuclear incident at a power plant in Sosnovyy Bor, Russia.

Several radionuclides were identified in the surface air in Finland following a nuclear incident in Sosnovyy Bor on 24 March 1992. In addition to gases, the release contained small uranium fuel particles. The radionuclide concentrations were of the same order of magnitude as the concentrations detected in Northern Finland in 1987 after the nuclear explosion in Novaya Zemlya (1 mBq m-3) but five orders of magnitude smaller than the concentrations during the Chernobyl accident in 1986. The radiological consequences in Finland were insignificant. However, studies show that even a minor release, across the sea and more than 100 km away, can be detected and important information, including the time of the incident and the composition of the release and the burn-up of the damaged fuel, can be revealed by the most accurate radioactivity measurements.

Accidents↗
PubMed2003

Application of fractal and morphological methods in radioecology.

Effective management of radioactive contamination requires comprehensive knowledge of pollutants' characteristics. The complicated character of the problem is due to a number of issues, such as the very wide range of contamination, the presence of a mixture of radioactive isotopes, the highly variable diffusion of radionuclides in soil, water, and air, and the effect of climatic conditions. The resultant field has an irregular mosaic structure, which restricts the choice of measurement methods and data processing. In view of this, application of classical statistics techniques is often inappropriate in modeling such an environment. Application of the tools of fractal and stochastic geometry provides a good insight and helps to distinguish between distribution characteristics of natural and man-made isotopes. Several techniques are implemented to determine scaling aspects of contaminated fields. The discovery of multifractal scaling leads to the hierarchical structure of contamination spots on different scales and intensity and places restrictions on the measurement net for detecting anomalies. The method of stochastic geometry further demonstrates that topological characteristics of contamination fields differ from those of the Gaussian fields and the topology of man-made isotopes differs from natural ones.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed1986

The Chernobyl accident--radionuclide fallout in S.W. England.

Initial fallout data from the nuclear reactor accident at Chernobyl is presented for the Plymouth region of Devon S.W. England which received low levels of radioactivity. During the period of maximum fallout the overall gross gamma activity for the Plymouth area was approximately 10% higher than levels recorded prior to the Chernobyl accident. The increase in levels of radioactivity were within the variability of natural background found in local houses.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The subjective assessment by the population of the radiation risk].

The role of a subjective factor in the population's rating of various risk factors in radionuclide-polluted and radionuclide-free areas was studied. The residents from both areas consider to live in the radioactively polluted areas to be the first among risk factors. The coefficients of radiation risk rating by the population are 1.3-1.8.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗
PubMed1990

[Health protection after the Chernobyl accident. The relation of costs and reduction of radioactive dosage level].

This article describes the nutritional measures introduced to protect health after the Chernobyl accident, and the associated costs. The total value of the reindeer meat, mutton, lamb and goat meat saved as a result of such measures in 1987 amounted to approx. NOK 250 million. The measures cost approx. NOK 60 million. The resulting reduction in the radiation dose level to which the population was exposed was 450 manSv. In 1988, mutton/lamb and goat meat valued at approx. NOK 310 million was saved from condemnation by similar measures, which cost approx. NOK 50 million. The resulting dose level reduction was approx. 200 manSv. The relationship (cost/benefit ratio) between the overall cost of the measures taken to reduce radioactivity levels in food and the dose level reduction achieved was acceptable.

Accidents↗
PubMed2005

Radon and thoron progeny concentration variability in relation to meteorological conditions at Bucharest (Romania).

The paper presents results of natural radioactivity levels in the atmosphere obtained for a 5 years period (1994-1999) at the Bucharest Environmental Radioactivity Surveillance Station (BERSS). The variability of radon and thoron progeny activity concentrations is analysed in relation to the local dynamics of the meteorological parameters (wind speed, air temperature, air pressure, cloud cover, relative humidity). The radon and thoron progeny concentrations display a daily and seasonal variation, with the highest values in the early morning and the lowest values in the afternoon. The outdoor radon progeny concentrations show maximum values in autumn and minimum values in spring-summer. The outdoor thoron progeny concentrations display maximum values in autumn and minimum values in winter. Significant statistical correlations with the meteorological parameters were obtained. The study on the temporal variability of natural atmospheric radioactivity near Bucharest is a starting point for further assessment of the radiological consequences resulting from human activities.

Air Movements↗
PubMed1995

[Selenium status of the inhabitants in the Kaluga region].

The human Se status of 8 areas of Kaluga region was studied. The mean serum Se levels 94 mg/l was significantly lower in the south compared to the northern area 126 mg/l. Areas with radioactive pollution possessed higher percentage of persons with low serum Se concentration than in regions without the pollution. Negative influence of radiation on serum Se level was confirmed also by epidemiological data for workers of Chernobil NNP (65 mg/l-workers attending to the reactor and 69 mg/l-for other employees). The same phenomenon was observed for males of Tula region who had taken part in the liquidation of an accident on the Chernobil NNP compared to other inhabitants of Tula region (78 mg/l and 89 mg/l correspondingly). The lowest antioxidant status (serum vitamin E, C and Se concentrations) in towns of Kaluga region with radioactive pollution possessed males of less than 60 years old.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Late changes in the body function of the inhabitants in the area of the eastern Urals radioactive trace].

Using a mathematical methodology based upon the theory of pattern recognition, the adequacy of this methodology being confirmed by the corroborative results obtained with neuro-net non-parametric methods of analysis, it proved possible to discriminate reliably between generalized organism's statuses, as described with a big number of laboratory indices, of the inhabitants of different areas of a big industrial city which differ in levels of radioactive and non-radioactive environmental pollution.

Adolescent↗