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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Migration and particle clearance from hard-setting Ca(OH)2 and self-etching adhesive resin following direct pulp capping.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the migration and particle clearance from a hard-setting calcium hydroxide (HSCH) and self-etching adhesive resin (SEAD) following direct pulp capping using the light and electron microscope. METHODS: Exposed monkey pulps were capped with a hard-setting calcium hydroxide (Dycal) or adhesive resin (Clearfil SE Bond), and histopathologically evaluated at 14 and 21 days using light and transmission electron microscopy (n = 14). RESULTS: At 14 days, both HSCH and SEAD materials showed no severe inflammatory reactions of the pulp (necrosis and abscess formation). The main reaction was slight inflammatory cell infiltration consisting of leukocytes. A number of HSCH particles were entrapped by macrophages and observed in the small capillaries similar to blood or lymphatic vessels. For SEAD, slight hemorrhage was observed at the exposed surface. At 21 days, for both HSCH and SEAD, a few cases showed minimal inflammatory response which was limited to the area beneath the exposure. Some macrophages entrapping the HSCH particles in vacuoles within the cytoplasm were arranged at the surface of the capping layer. HSCH particles were also observed in the vessels similar to blood or lymphatic vessels. A few macrophages entrapped filler-like particles of SEAD adjacent to the capping material, but there was no evidence of any SEAD in the vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Pulp capping with adhesive resin-based composite vs. calcium hydroxide: a review.

The results of some short-term experiments suggest that direct capping of a vital pulp with the modern resin-based composite systems may be as effective as capping with calcium hydroxide. Total cavity etching with 10% phosphoric acid seems to be safe for the exposed pulp, but unless annulled by calcium hydroxide 35% phosphoric acid may be disastrous. For hemostasis and cleaning of the pulp wound both sodium hypochlorite and saline seem suitable, whereas the effectiveness of a 2% chlorhexidine solution is questionable. Although hard-setting calcium hydroxide cements may induce the formation of dentin bridges, they appear not to provide an effective long-term seal against bacterial factors. Within a few years, the majority of mechanically exposed and capped pulps show infection and necrosis due to microleakage of such capping materials and tunnel defects in the dentin bridges. It is unknown whether newer types of resin containing calcium-hydroxide-products will act as a permanent barrier. The cytotoxicity of the resin-based composites and the temperature rise during polymerisation may not be of concern, but microleakage, sensitisation and allergic reactions may pose problems. Based on available data, pulp capping with resin-based composites may be said to be promising, but more and long-term research is mandatory before the method can be recommended.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1979

Simple metallic compounds as pulp-capping agents.

A study is described in which six metallic compounds identified in a previous pilot experiment were tested as pulp-capping agents using the exposed rat molar. Barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, cupric oxide, ferric oxide, and heavy magnesium oxide gave poor results. Stannic oxide gave more favorable results and is being studied further.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of two capping materials: in vitro cell culture study].

Evaluation of the biocompatibility of a crown reconstruction material in vivo on human teeth by histologic observation of pulpal reactions is a long lasting and expensive procedure. Before to start it, a first examination can be done by testing the material on cell cultures. If the used culture cells contain antibiotics, it is necessary to combine these tests with a bacteriologic examination of the tested material. Two calcium hydroxide containing materials for dentin-pulp capping, were submitted to cytotoxicity tests using human pulpal fibroblasts cultures. The cytotoxicity of one over the two materials could be related to its lability and bacterial contamination.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1979

Pulp reaction to a tricalcium phosphate ceramic capping agent.

A porous form of tricalcium phosphate ceramic has been shown to stimulate new bone formation around the implant. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate this material in a powder form as a pulp-capping material. It was found difficult to cover a pulp exposure adequately with Synthos ceramic powder alone. Histologic sections showed dentinogenesis around those particles which were forced into the pulp proper, demonstrating the nonirritating potential of Synthos. Because of the bacterial infection in so many of the specimens, this study is inconclusive with respect to the use of this material as a capping agent. A similar study, employing a rubber dam to protect the exposure, is recommended.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Influence of calcium hydroxide under filling cements].

In the paper lying before the authors estimate changes of pH-values of the Calcium hydroxide (Calxyd) after contact with a zinc oxide phosphate cement (Adhesor), a polyacrylate cement (Adhesor-Carboxy) and a zinc oxide eugenol cement (Caryosan). The last shoved to be best qualified for over capping of pasty preparation with calcium hydroxide.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Calcium hydroxide: a review.

Calcium hydroxide is a multipurpose agent, and there have been an increasing number of indications for its use. Some of its indications include direct and indirect pulp capping, apexogenesis, apexification, treatment of; root resorption, iatrogenic root perforations, root fractures, replanted teeth and interappointment intracanal dressing. The purpose of this paper is to review the properties and various indications for the use of calcium hydroxide.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Morphometric analysis of teeth with inflamed pulp.

The most common method of evaluating pulp tissue reactions to injury is by a qualitative assessment of pulp tissue alterations. This evaluation method is subjective and difficult to quantify; stereological methods are more suitable, for they can quantify important tissue components, and so more objectively describe pulp tissues. This study compares a morphometric and a descriptive method of classification for pulp tissue analysis by using 15 teeth with inflamed pulp tissue, and 12 teeth experimentally pulp-capped with calcium hydroxide. Morphometric analysis allowed for volumes of remaining dentin, pulp tissue, inflamed pulp tissue, and reparative dentin to be calculated. In addition, volume densities of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes, odontoblasts, fibroblasts, erythrocytes, vessels, and residual tissue were calculated for comparison among different experimental teeth. The morphometric method provided a quantitative description of tissue reactions. The descriptive method of classification was adequate when inflamed tissue subjacent to the cavity was evaluated, but was less precise than the morphometric method in describing reactions deeper in the tissue. The descriptive method could delineate the amounts and types of inflammatory cells only in non-quantified terms, while the morphometric method could quantify and locate them. It also yielded a quantified evaluation of the healing sequence of experimentally pulp-capped teeth. In conclusion, a morphometric method can yield more quantitative data on pulp tissue reactions than can a descriptive method of classification.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Thermal coefficients of paste-paste type pulp capping cements.

Thermal coefficients of four kinds of commercially available paste-paste type pulp capping cements were examined. Control reference samples were made of dentin. A thermal coefficient analyzer was used, heating specimens for a few nanoseconds by a xenon flash bulb and measuring thermal changes by using a thermocouple. Thermal coefficients were examined by this non-steady state method. Thermal conductivities of all cements were almost the same or lower than that of dentin. Therefore, when each cement was heated, the penetrating energy was almost the same or lower than that of dentin. The thickness of the cements was converted into that of the dentin by using the obtained thermal conductivity. The 1-mm thickness of the examined cements were equal to between 0.97-mm and 2.10-mm thicknesses of lost dentin. The use of a pulp capping cement provided better pulp protection from thermal stimuli than did the same thickness of dentin.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed2005

Vital pulp therapy with mineral trioxide aggregate.

The present case report describes the treatment of complicated crown fractures using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MTA was used as pulp-capping material after partial pulpotomy to preserve the vitality of the pulpal tissues in two cases. Follow-up examinations revealed that the treatment was successful in preserving pulpal vitality and continued development of the tooth.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed1985

Pulpal response to a calcium hydroxide material for capping exposures.

Two calcium hydroxide cements, Dycal and Life, were compared as direct pulp-capping agents in forty teeth of two beagle dogs. Both materials produced similar responses after observation periods of 4 and 12 weeks. It was noted that the response in one animal were less favorable, but the reason could not be demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

In vitro antimicrobial activity of six pulp-capping agents.

The antimicrobial activity of six commonly used pulp-capping agents was compared to reagent Ca(OH)2 by means of an in vitro microbiologic assay. Microbial samples were collected from deep carious lesions in each of twelve teeth and plated onto T-soy blood agar. Uniform disks of each pulp-capping agent were pressed slightly below the surface of each agar dish, and zones of bacterial inhibition were measured at 24 hours to the nearest 0.1 mm. All agents, including IRM, demonstrated significantly more antimicrobial activity than reagent Ca(OH)2 with the exception of Pulpdent. This tends to indicate that the antibacterial properties associated with these capping compounds are not entirely due to the high pH associated with Ca(OH)2.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1991

Pulpal response to tricalcium phosphate as a capping agent.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as a pulp-capping agent. Two adult male beagle dogs were used for this investigation. Class I cavities were prepared in the posterior teeth and Class V cavities in the anterior teeth. With the use of a rubber dam and high speed with water coolant, minimal pulp exposures were created in both the experimental and control teeth, by means of a 1/2 round bur. Zinc oxide-eugenol was the temporary filling material used to restore all cavities. In each dog, five teeth served as control and were capped with the use of calcium hydroxide. In one dog, 10 teeth from two quadrants were capped with the tested material (TCP). In the other dog, 11 teeth were capped with TCP. Four teeth from the fourth quadrant in each dog were capped with a mixture of calcium hydroxide and TCP in a ratio of 1:1 by weight (50/50 group.) The two dogs were killed after 70 days. The histologic evaluation of the response to the capping agents and at the exposure site was recorded. A total of 39 teeth were evaluated in this study. It was found that TCP as a capping agent precipitated the highest mean inflammatory response and also demonstrated the highest percentage of reparative dentin formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Animal experimental tests of a new filling material (Isocap)].

An experimental investigation with animals (Rhesus monkeys) concerning pulp tolerance to two premeasured dosages of calcium hydroxide cement (Reocap and Reocap-E) as well as a pre-measured dosage of filling material (Isocap) in an injection capsule was carried out (78 class V cavities). As with the negative controls, a very slight reaction, or none at all, developed in response to the two calcium hydroxide cements and the new filling material, with and without application of capping material. When five other accidentally exposed pulpae were dissected, direct capping under the corresponding preconditions (punctate exposed pulpa, longer storage period for calcium hydroxide cement) showed the characteristic formation of reparative dentin.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Pulp tissue response to a glass and silver filings ionomer used as a permanent capping material].

A study was undertaken to ascertain the effect of [glass-and-silver fillings ionomer] on the pulp tissue at different times (15, 30 and 60 days). For that purpose, 34 premolars were evaluated, on which a basic coating of calcium hydroxide was applied previous to their obturation with an ionomer cement (Ketac Silver). Dental organs were divided in four groups, namely: untreated control, and three groups of 10 premolars which were extracted after 15, 30 and 60 days. Results yielded by this research suggest that applying a calcium hydroxide coating is not enough to prevent the toxic effect of the glass ionomer on the pulp.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Differential induction of apoptosis by capping agents during pulp wound healing.

Effects of capping agents on two waves of apoptosis during pulp wound healing were examined. After cavity preparation of rat molars, cavities were filled with calcium hydroxide, zing oxide eugenol cement, or 4-META/MMA-TBB resin (4MMT) and some were unfilled. One hour or 1 day after filling, we examined the distribution and the number of apoptotic cells by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated labeling (TUNEL) assay. One hour after filling, there were no differences in distribution patterns or the number of apoptotic odontoblasts among the four groups. One day after filling, we found differences in distribution patterns and the number of apoptotic pulp cells among the four groups. Especially in the 4MMT group, the distribution pattern of apoptotic cells was more broadly spread, and the number of apoptotic cells was significantly larger than those of other groups. These results suggest that capping agents may have an effect on pulp apoptosis and that 4MMT may actively induce apoptosis during pulp wound healing.

Acrylic Resins↗