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Results for “Developmental Disabilities”

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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A practical staff management package for use in a training program for persons with developmental disabilities.

A staff management package was investigated for increasing and maintaining behavioral training skills of direct-care staff. Behaviors of three direct-care staff members were monitored while they conducted a prevocational program with 27 adult clients with severe or profound mental retardation. The intervention was an easy-to-apply checklist used weekly by a supervisor to give feedback to direct-care staff. The management procedure did not require the supervisor to collect quantitative data to be graphed or charted. Use of the checklist during a weekly morning work session in a multiple-baseline design across subjects led to immediate improvement in staff performance during daily morning work sessions. Considerable generalization of improved staff performance to daily afternoon work sessions with a different client group occurred. Further increases in staff performance occurred when the management procedure was added to afternoon work sessions. Staff performance was maintained over 4 months after the management procedure was decreased from weekly to biweekly use. When performance of direct-care staff improved, on-task behavior of most clients also substantially increased. Direct-care staff preferred the staff management package compared to "traditional" methods of supervision, and the training unit adopted the checklist for continuous use at the conclusion of the study.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Healthy and institutionalized: health and related conditions among older persons with developmental disabilities.

The life expectancy of mentally retarded citizens has increased significantly in recent decades. At the same time, we have learned that this special population is nearly twice as likely as the general population to develop severe mental illness. These facts, coupled with the psychological and physiological changes that accompany aging in general, are increasingly challenging the mental health professionals of today. We provide an overview of mental retardation in the elderly, as well as the types, treatments, and attendant challenges of associated mental illness.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Validity of the schizophrenia diagnosis of the psychiatric assessment schedule for adults with developmental disability (PAS-ADD).

BACKGROUND: First rank symptoms are central to the diagnosis of schizophrenia, but their complexity makes it difficult to validly detect them in people with learning disability. This report investigates ability of PAS-ADD to detect schizophrenia, validated against expert clinical opinion. METHOD: The sample consisted of 98 patients with learning disabilities and a key informant for each sample member. Clinical opinions of the referring psychiatrists were sought using a symptom checklist. Reportage of remission, and the number of core schizophrenia symptoms identified, were used to estimate level of symptom activity at time of interview. RESULTS: The proportion of schizophrenia cases detected by PAS-ADD increases with the number of active core symptoms identified by the referrer. Where two or more core symptoms were indicated, PAS-ADD detected 71% cases. The most frequently fulfilled criterion was third-person auditory hallucinations. Six schizophrenia diagnoses disagreed with the clinician, four of which were referred as being hypomania. Overall symptom frequency detected by PAS-ADD was positively correlated with IQ. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest there may be scope for modifying the ICD-10 diagnostic algorithm for use with learning disability, particularly in relation to the delusions and negative symptoms criteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Framework for analyzing health care models serving adults with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities.

A conceptual framework was presented for describing, comparing, and analyzing the structure of health care models serving adults with mental retardation/developmental disabilities (MR/DD). This framework, which was drawn from Donabedian's (1980) work on the components of quality of health care-structure, process, and outcome-provides a basis for comparing health service models according to three key domains: measures of access, comprehensiveness, and cost. We used this framework to describe three existing programs that use different models to serve this population.

Health Promotion↗