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Results for “Embryo Transfer”

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PubMed2000

[Measurement of macrophage colony-stimulating factor during in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer cycles].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influences of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on follicle development, ovulation, fertilization and embryo quality during in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles. METHODS: 36 patients underwent 54 cycles of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-human menopausal goudotropin-human chorionic gonadotropin for IVF-ET program. M-CSF concentrations in serum were measured at early follicular phase, mid-follicular phase and the day of oocyte retrieval by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Follicular fluid (FF) on the day of egg retrieval was also measured for M-CSF concentration. RESULTS: M-CSF concentration in serum gradually increased throughout ovarian hyperstimulation and reached a peak on the day of oocyte retrieval. M-CSF concentration in FF was significantly higher than that in serum on the same day (P < 0.01). The M-CSF concentration in FF from follicles where oocytes could be retrieved, fertilized or with a diameter > or 16 mm, volume > or 2 ml, was significantly higher than those from follicles where oocyte could not be retrieved, fertilized or with a diameter < 16 mm, volume < 2 ml, respectively (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in M-CSF concentration of FF between high and low embryo grade groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: M-CSF may play an important role as an intraovarian regulator in the process of follicle development, maturation and ovulation. Therefore, M-CSF may exert an effect on fertilization process but not on the embryo quality.

Embryo Transfer↗

PubMed1985

Psychological evaluation and support in a program of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

This report describes the psychological evaluation of 200 couples consecutively seen at a pretreatment consultation in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program. Attitudinal and emotional characteristics of the sample are also described. Half the women and 15% of the men reported that infertility is the most upsetting experience of their lives. On the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), approximately 20% of the males and females had one or more elevated scale scores, suggesting dysfunctional emotional distress or personality difficulties. Half the sample had high scores on the MMPI Ego Strength scale, which indicated effective functioning and ability to withstand stress. T scores for the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale were in the normal range before treatment. Further longitudinal study is needed to define the emotional impact of procedures and reactions to treatment outcomes.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Serum CA-125 levels in the second week after embryo transfer predict clinical pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate CA-125 concentrations in serum samples collected for routine hCG measurements 11 +/- 2 days after embryo transfer in relation to pregnancy and its outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University-based in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. PATIENT(S): One hundred and eighty-two consecutive pregnancies conceived after IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and 41 control cycles without pregnancy from the same patients. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Analysis of correlation between CA-125 concentrations and hCG and inhibin A levels. Predictive accuracy of these markers was compared by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULT(S): The CA-125 levels were statistically significantly higher in pregnant than in nonpregnant patients. Within pregnant cycles, CA-125 concentrations correlated positively with levels of hCG and inhibin A. The CA-125 levels were statistically significantly lower in preclinical abortions than in clinical pregnancies. No statistically significant difference was observed between early pregnancy losses and ongoing pregnancies or singleton and multiple pregnancies, respectively. The predictive accuracy of CA-125 measurements was statistically significantly lower than that achieved with hCG or inhibin A. CONCLUSION(S): Although CA-125 levels seem to be predictive of clinical pregnancy, they are not predictive of its outcome. Higher CA-125 concentrations may reflect higher endometrial receptivity but do not predict the number or viability of implanted embryos.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Pathologic findings in hysteroscopy before in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET).

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate hysteroscopy routinely performed prior to in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS: We analyzed in a prospective study 300 patients who underwent hysteroscopy before the first IVF-ET cycle. We analyzed then in a retrospective manner 300 patients who did not perform hysteroscopy. RESULTS: One-hundred-and-eighty (60%) hysteroscopies were normal but 120 (40%) revealed an unsuspected intrauterine abnormality. We did not find statistically significant differences between patients with normal or abnormal hysteroscopy in any characteristic. We found a statistically significant difference in pregnancy rate between women who performed hysteroscopy before IVF-ET cycle and in women who did not perform it. CONCLUSIONS: Hysteroscopy, as a routine examination, should be performed before the first IVF-ET cycle in all patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Is intracytoplasmic sperm injection necessary for couples undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer with normal semen analyses but failing hamster egg penetration assays?

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to assess whether in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer (ET) candidate couples with basically normal semen analyses but failing zona-free hamster egg penetration assay (HEPA) scores benefit from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). METHODS: Twenty consecutive IVF candidate couples with normal-borderline semen analyses and failing HEPA scores were recruited. Mature oocytes obtained from each woman were randomly divided between ICSI (group I; n = 126 oocytes) and standard insemination techniques (group II; 138 oocytes). Fertilization (two pronuclei) and cleavage (2-4 cells) rates were assessed for both groups. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to (mean +/- standard error of the mean) fertilization (group I, 63.1 +/- 7.75; group II, 77.8 +/- 4.7%) or cleavage (group I, 87.3 +/- 2.4%; group II, 91.2 +/- 3.5%) rates. CONCLUSIONS: ICSI is not beneficial for IVF-ET when sperm samples demonstrate a failing HEPA score but have normal or minimally compromised semen analysis parameters.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

The determinant factors and the anxiety level of infertile couples during the treatment of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer at Chulalongkorn Hospital.

The determinant factors and the anxiety level of infertile couples during the treatment of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were studied in 60 infertile couples between 1 January to 31 May 2000. The instruments employed in the study were Personal and Health Data Questionnaire, the Cornell Medical Index, and the Determinant Factors of Anxiety. The average age was between 36-40 years old, holding a Bachelor's degree and working in private companies earning a monthly income between 10,000-20,000 Baht. Most infertile couples wanted to have a child in order to fulfill the meaning of being a "family" and were anxious about the treatment. The couples in general did not have any background of emotional disturbance. Women were found to have a slightly higher anxiety than men. The determinant factors of anxiety were found to be the side-effects of the infertility treatment, inadequate time to consult with the physician/nurse, the outcome of the infertility treatment, possibility to possibility of not succeeding/infertility cannot be treated and the process of the diagnostic procedures accordingly. The results of the study will serve as a guideline for improving better services and understanding between the physician and the patient regarding the expectations of the IVF treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Embryo afterloading: a refinement in embryo transfer technique that may increase clinical pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: Given the importance of ET technique during assisted reproductive technology cycles, we evaluated the effect of embryo afterloading subsequent to placement of the ET catheter on pregnancy rates vs. a standard direct ET. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING: University-based assisted reproductive technology program. PATIENT(S): Patients undergoing a fresh nondonor day 3 ET by a single provider over a 1-year period. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical pregnancy. RESULT(S): One hundred twenty-seven patients met inclusion criteria, and the overall pregnancy rate was 46.5%. There was no difference between the two groups with respect to age, basal FSH, or number of embryos transferred. The ET method used was at the discretion of the provider. There was no difference between the two groups in the presence of blood on the transfer catheter. However, there were significantly more transfer catheters with mucus contamination in the direct transfer group (25.58% vs. 5.95%). The clinical pregnancy rate in the group with ET using the afterloading technique was higher than in the direct ET group (52.4% vs. 34.9%). CONCLUSION(S): There was a trend toward an increase in pregnancy rate when an embryo afterloading technique was used. A prospective randomized trial is needed to examine this issue.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Embryonic development and blastocyst implantation following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was used to measure human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) excretion in serial overnight urine samples in women having embryo transfer, in an in vitro fertilization program. Elevated hCG excretion suggestive of blastocyst implantation was detected in 17 of 121 women studied. When the results were corrected for interference by luteinizing hormone and other immunoreactive substances, implantation was detectable 8 to 9 days after fertilization in 20% of conceptual cycles, in 80% by days 12 to 13, in 93% by days 14 to 15, and in 100% by days 16 to 17. From a life table of human embryo development in culture, it was estimated that 37% of four-cell and 43% of eight-cell embryos reached the blastocyst stage. On the basis of these estimates and the elevated hCG from implanting blastocysts, it was concluded that 60% to 65% of uterine blastocysts either failed to implant or failed to produce measurable hCG.

Blastocyst↗

PubMed2003

Hyaluronic acid can successfully replace albumin as the sole macromolecule in a human embryo transfer medium.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect on pregnancy and implantation rates when highly purified, fermentation-based hyaluronic acid was the only macromolecule supplement to the transfer medium in a human IVF program. DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. SETTING: In vitro fertilization center in an academic medical institution. PATIENT(S): Eighty patients were included in this prospective randomized double blind study. Inclusion criteria were age </=35 years, the availability of at least three embryos eligible for transfer on day 3 after fertilization, and no more than three previous embryo transfer attempts. INTERVENTION(S): All embryos were cultured in P1 medium containing 10% synthetic serum substitute (SSS) until day 3. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups; in treatment group A (40 patients), embryos were transferred to P1 medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/mL hyaluronic acid for 5-10 min before their intrauterine transfer. In the control group B (40 patients), embryos were transferred, as routinely performed, in P1 medium containing 10% SSS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical pregnancy and implantation rates. RESULT(S): The mean age of the female partner was 28.7 +/- 3.3 years and 29.7 +/- 3.8 years for groups A and B, respectively. In group A, 103 embryos were transferred and in group B, 97 embryos were transferred for a similar mean number of 2.6 +/- 0.6 and 2.4 +/- 0.5 embryos/transfer, respectively. Twenty-five pregnancies were achieved in group A, and 21 pregnancies in group B. This led to a comparable clinical pregnancy and implantation rates of 62.5% and 34% as compared to 52% and 26.8% for groups A and B, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): Hyaluronic acid can successfully replace albumin as a sole macromolecule in a human embryo transfer medium and result in high pregnancy and implantation rates. The use of this supplement is an important step in the development of human embryo culture media free of blood-derived additives.

Albumins↗

PubMed1986

Relationships between embryo transfer results and ovarian response and in vitro fertilization rate: analysis of 186 human pregnancies.

We studied the relationships between "pretransfer" parameters (number of follicles, oocytes, and embryos) and the result (occurrence and quality of pregnancy) obtained by transferring one, two, or three embryos. The analysis concerns 186 pregnancies compared with 186 implantation failures. The chances for an oocyte to cleave or for a pregnancy to continue decreased when the number of preovulatory follicles increased. The number of transferred embryos increased with oocyte cleavage rate in nonpregnant patients and in patients with an ongoing pregnancy, but such a relation was not found in the case of failed pregnancy (biochemical pregnancies and abortions). Failed pregnancies occurred in patients who demonstrated the highest oocyte cleavage rate (94.1%), compared with 81.2% for implantation failure and 84.8% for ongoing pregnancy (P less than 0.01). The cleavage rate was also higher in cases of multiple, compared with single, ongoing pregnancies after the transfer of three embryos (79.7% versus 64.5%, P less than 0.001). An important finding was the higher survival rate after triple-embryo transfer in patients, yielding numerous oocytes. The survival rate (fetuses per transferred embryos) after the transfer of three embryos was 14.9% in patients yielding five oocytes, versus 7.7% in patients yielding 3.4 oocytes (P less than 0.05). These results are related to oocyte and embryo viability and uterine ability for pregnancy.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

PubMed1989

Immunoreactive renin variations during fertile and infertile hyperstimulated cycles with in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer or gamete intra-fallopian transfer.

The concentrations of prorenin (PR) and active renin (AR) were determined sequentially during ovarian hyperstimulated cycles for in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer or gamete intra-Fallopian transfer. AR and PR increased during the early luteal phase and PR was highly correlated with the progesterone concentration. In fertile cycles, AR increased more rapidly after HCG injection and AR and PR levels were significantly higher during the late luteal phase. These results confirm the role of the renin angiotensin system in ovarian physiology.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Achieving multiple-order embryo transfer identifies women over 40 years of age with improved in vitro fertilization outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To define factors in patients > or = 40 years that may improve outcome and provide prognosis for success in IVF-ET. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: University infertility center. PATIENTS: Patients (n = 501) undergoing IVF-ET from 1987 to 1994. INTERVENTIONS: IVF-ET (n = 713 cycles) with GnRH-analogue suppression and hMG stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We evaluated data including age, diagnosis, prestimulation (day 3) FSH and E2, hMG ampules used, days of monitoring, follicle number and size, maximum E2, ova retrieved, cancellation rate, clinical pregnancy, nidation, and miscarriage rates. RESULTS: Overall, patients > or = 40 years had significantly decreased pregnancy rates (PRs), response to stimulation, and increased miscarriage rates. However, if these patients had four or more embryos transferred, their response and PRs (34.4% per ET) were not significantly different from younger women (47.7% per ET). The majority (77.8%) of pregnancies in women > or = 40 years occurred when four or more embryos were transferred. CONCLUSION: A subset (49%) of women > or = 40 years undergoing IVF-ET will respond to ovarian stimulation well enough to result in four or more embryos available for transfer with a resultant PR similar to that observed in younger patients. We recommend consideration of an attempt at IVF-ET before recommending oocyte donation.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Culture factors in relation to the success of human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

The development of 1-cell mouse zygotes to the blastocyst stage in vitro has been used as a quality control for the media employed for human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). The following procedures were associated with high rates of mouse embryo development and human pregnancies following IVF-ET: adequate gassing and equilibration of the medium, double rinsing of pipettes and catheters used to handle embryos, use of a HEPES-buffered medium for manipulating embryos in the absence of an atmosphere containing 5% CO2, control of excessive temperature in the vicinity of the embryos, and ET using medium containing 50% patient's serum. The institution of these procedures gave more consistent pregnancy rates. However, there was no obvious association between fertilization and cleavage of human oocytes and the quality of the medium ascertained by the mouse embryo development test.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Embryo transfer after 2 or 5 days of IVF culture: a retrospective comparison.

BACKGROUND: To determine whether prolongation of embryo culture in vitro from day 2 to day 5 after ovum pick-up (OPU) and fertilization can improve the results of in vitro fertilization (IVF), and the morphology of the spare embryos on day 2 can predict the developmental capacity during prolonged culture. We also wanted to consider this as a strategy to avoid twin pregnancies if it could be possible to transfer only one blastocyst at a time in the future. METHODS: A retrospective analysis with embryo transfer timed according to the weekday of OPU. Embryo transfer was performed on day 2 in 103 cases and on day 5 in 120 cases. Only one cycle per couple was included. RESULTS: The pregnancy rates per embryo transfer on day 2 (27/103, 26%) and day 5 (36/120, 30%) were similar. There were significantly more miscarriages in the day 5 (50%) than in the day 2 group (22%, p = 0.02), but there was no significant difference in the baby take home rate (20% in day 2 group, 15% in day 5 group). The morphological appearance of the embryos on day 2 was poorly correlated to the developmental potential during prolonged culture in vitro. On day 5, transfer of one or two blastocysts resulted in a pregnancy rate that tended to be higher than that after transfer of morulae only. CONCLUSION: Prolongation of embryo culture from day 2 to day 5 did not improve the clinical outcome of the IVF treatment when measured as baby take home rate. Therefore, for the time being, this strategy does not increase our chances to move towards single embryo transfer.

Blastocyst↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Successful treatment of cervical stenosis with hysteroscopic canalization before embryo transfer in patients undergoing IVF: a case series.

The course of the transfer catheter through the cervical canal is one of the most important issues for a successful embryo transfer (ET) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Technically difficult ETs due to cervical stenosis are associated with reduced chance of pregnancy after assisted reproductive procedures. In the current case series, we report on three patients with cervical stenosis who underwent IVF-ET cycles. These three patients, in whom ET was classified as "difficult," failed to conceive with previous ET attempts. An intervention to create a cervical tract was performed with operative hysteroscopy under general anesthesia before transcervical ET. After the hysteroscopic shaving procedure, we observed quite an improvement in access to the endometrial cavity during ET procedure. These patients had significantly easier ET procedures compared with previous attempts and achieved clinical pregnancies. Hysteroscopic revision of the cervical canal results in easier ET and improves pregnancy rates in patients with cervical stenosis and histories of difficult ET.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Effect of activation treatments of recipient oocytes on subsequent development of bovine nuclear transfer embryos.

Effects of recipient oocyte activation methods on the development of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos were investigated. In Exp. 1, cell-cycle phase of serum-starved bovine cumulus cells was examined by flow cytometry. Majority (95.5%) of medium-sized (16-20 microm) cells that made up 56% of total cells was at the G0/G1 phase. NT embryos were constructed by electric fusion with the medium-sized serum-starved cumulus cells and bovine oocytes of 3 different preparations: enucleated oocytes treated with calcium ionophore A 23187 for 5 min and cycloheximide for 5 hr (A 23187/CHX), those treated with ethanol for 7 min and cycloheximide for 2 hr(ethanol/CHX) and those without treatment. In Exp. 2 and 3, developmental competence of NT embryos constructed with A 23187/CHX- and ethanol/CHX-treated oocytes was compared to that of NT embryos constructed with non-treated oocytes, respectively. Further, nuclear behavior in 3 different NT embryos was examined in Exp. 4. Within 1 hr after fusion, majority of the NT embryos constructed with non-treated oocytes showed condensed chromosome. Three hours after fusion, about 50% of NT embryos constructed with non-treated or ethanol/CHX-treated oocytes showed a single pronucleus-like structure. NT embryos constructed with ethanol/CHX-treated oocytes showed similar rates of fusion, cleavage and blastocyst formation to those of the non-treated oocytes. In contrast, NT embryos constructed with A 23187/CHX-treated oocytes did not show any pronucleus-like structure and showed lower cleavage rate and no development to blastocysts. The results indicate that ethanol/CHX-treated oocytes could support development of somatic cell NT embryos to the blastocyst stage at a similar rate to that of non-treated oocytes.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Blood types of twin cattle after embryo transfer to inseminated recipients.

The blood types, together with erythrocyte and plasma protein types were determined in 10 pairs of twins born after embryo transfer to the contralateral uterine horns of previously inseminated recipients. These estimations were carried out at the age of nine weeks. According to the haemolytic test, most of these pairs of twins had identical blood types, ie, no erythrocyte mosaic could be demonstrated and the blood type corresponded to that of the recipient's calf. In the cases where mosaicism could be demonstrated, the recipient calf's blood type predominated. The reason for this bias remains unclear although the suggestion that the recipient's calf had developed further and was thus able to influence the haematopoietic tissues of its co-twin is worth considering.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Embryo transfer and embryonic capsules in the bobcat (Lynx rufus).

Bobcats (Lynx rufus) (n=22) were used to test a surgical embryo transfer protocol for wild felines. Five blastocysts were collected 8-14 days post-initial copulation (PIC). Translucent capsule-like structures were recovered at 12 days PIC and are the first report of such a structure in a felid. Endometrial fibrosis was observed in one cat but, in general, post-surgical fibrosis of the uterus did not seem to impede ova or embryo transport. One embryo underwent cryopreservation and this embryo plus two other transferrable embryos were placed in recipient cats during the course of the study. No pregnancies were maintained; but one non-cryopreserved embryo was detected by ultrasound examination at 2 weeks post-transfer. This study provides valuable groundwork for future studies and warrants optimism for continued research in this area.

Animals↗