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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources

PubMed2025

Exploration of the mechanism of the Mongolian medicine Tonglaga-5 (-5) for the treatment of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine-induced chronic atrophic gastritis based on network pharmacology and metabolomics.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of Tonglaga-5 (-5, TLG-5) for the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), based on network pharmacology and metabolomics. METHODS: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8): control group; model group; teprenone group, and low-, median-, and high- dose TLG-5 groups. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the expression of pepsinogen Ⅰ (PG Ⅰ), pepsinogen Ⅱ (PG Ⅱ) and gastrin-17 (G-17) in the serum. Hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed to observe the pathological condition. And the network pharmacology was employed to identify the targets and signaling pathways of TLG-5 affecting CAG. Then, the metabolomics approach was applied to explore the specific metabolites and metabolic pathways. Finally, validation was performed using the "metabolite-gene" interaction network, molecular docking and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS: High-dose TLG-5 significantly improved the expression of PG Ⅰ, PGR (PG Ⅰ/ PG Ⅱ) and G-17 (P < 0.05) and inhibited the expression of phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2, AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) (P < 0.05). Further, high-dose TLG-5 reduced the number of glands was reduced, and fibrosis with oedema and ecchymosis appeared at the base. Overlapping TLG-5 and CAG gene targets produced 270 interactive targets. The results of gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analyses suggested that TLG-5 could affect CAG through the predominantly cancer and inflammation-related pathways. Pyrimidine metabolism was identified as a significantly differential pathway in the mechanism of TLG-5 for treating CAG. CONCLUSIONS: TLG-5 exerts a therapeutic effect on CAG by regulating β-alanine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism pathways, and inhibiting the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathways.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Exploring the use of death certificates as a component of an occupational health surveillance system.

An effort has been made to explore a case-finding surveillance system for occupationally-related disease using death records. A sentinel health event, here lung cancer in young males, was selected to seek unusual associations with occupations as listed on the death records. Fishermen appeared to be over-represented and population studies cited suggest lung cancer in this occupation deserves further exploration. Further efforts of this type could test the usefulness of an occupational health surveillance system based on the death certificate.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Power and client-centred practice: an insider exploration of occupational therapists' experiences.

BACKGROUND: Although problems with power sharing are frequently described in discussions about client-centred practice, little research has explored occupational therapists' experiences with this model of service delivery. To critically examine this aspect of occupational therapy, an insider study was conducted. PURPOSE: The objectives of the study were to explore therapists' experiences with client-centred practice and to reveal how power works within this practice and in the health service environment. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews with 9 therapists were conducted, and a thematic analysis of these transcripts was completed. A variety of institutional documents were reviewed and analysed. RESULTS: Three main themes were identified: the different interpretations of occupational therapy discourse, the power of context, and the continuum of client-therapist interactions. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: It is important to consider the various competing discourses and institutional practices that frame the therapeutic relationship when evaluating methods to improve client-centred practice.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Training older people in empathy: effects on empathy, attitudes, and self-exploration.

This study examined the effect of empathy training on empathy, self-exploration, and key attitudes in older people. The twenty-eight older people who took part were randomly assigned to one of three groups: empathy training, discussion, or control. For eight weeks the training group practiced empathy as a helping skill. During this time, one control group discussed the problems of older people; the other control group met only to take the tests. Unlike the control groups, the training group improved significantly on three measures of empathy. The training group also showed significant gains in self-exploration. These gains in skills brought no change in attitudes. The findings show that older people can change a portion of their interpersonal style and learn new ways of helping.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Exploring the relationship between marital status and women's retirement satisfaction.

Increased divorce rates, declining marriage rates, and a predisposition to widowhood in later life all contribute to the heterogeneous marital histories of women approaching retirement. Existing research on retirement, however, has not considered the diversity in marital status that exists among retired women. The purpose of the present study was to explore the influence of marital status (i.e., married, remarried, widowed, divorced/separated, never-married) on women's retirement satisfaction. Using a purposive sampling method, self-administered questionnaires were distributed to retired women. Participants (N = 331) were asked to report on their retirement satisfaction, psychological well-being, and perceived health. Results revealed retirement satisfaction and perceived health differed by marital status. Psychological well-being, however, did not differ significantly between marital groups. Future research exploring diversity in marital status among retired women is suggested.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

[Neuralgias of the lower cranial nerves: microsurgical posterior fossa exploration].

Neuralgias of the lower cranial nerves are trigeminal neuralgia (TN), glossopharingeal neuralgia (GphN), and geniculate neuralgia (GN). Microsurgical posterior fossa exploration with its variations microvascular decompression (MVD), partial sensory rhisotomy (PSR), and total sensory rhisotomy (TSR) is one of the most efficient ways of treating these neuralgias. It was performed 130 operations in 125 patients with TN, 3 in GphN patients, 1 in GN patient, 1 in GN/TN patients, 1 in GphN/GN patient, and 2 in GN/hemifacial spasm patients. Of total of 125 patients with TN, MVD was performed in 63, PSR in 18, and MVD+PSR in 44 cases. In 5 patients with recidivate TN PSR was performed. Of total 3 patients with GphN MVD was performed in 2 cases, and extirpation of a small meningeoma in 1 case (it was not seen on CT). In the patients with GN TSR of intermediate nerve was performed, in GN/TN patients TSR of intermediate nerve and PSR of trigeminal nerve was performed, in the GN/GphN patients MVD of glossopharingeal and TSR of intermediate nerve were performed, and in the GN/hemifacial spasm patients TSR of intermediate and MVD of facial nerve were performed. The results of TN patients are: excellent in 82.4%, good in 12%, and poor in 5.6% of patients. There is no difference in complete pain relief, rate of recurrence, and complications between MVD, MVD+PSR and PSR operative groups (p0.05). Among patients with other neuralgias the following results are noted: excellent in 4, good in 3, and poor in 1 patient. Microsurgical posterior fossa exploration is the method of choice in the treatment of the neuralgias of the lower cranial nerves.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Combined tuning fork tests in hearing loss: explorative clinical study of the patterns.

OBJECTIVE: To combine the tuning fork tests of Rinne, Weber, and absolute bone conduction, explore their clinical patterns, and study their combined specificity, sensitivity, and validity in assessing the hearing status of an individual. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of the tests of Rinne, Weber, and absolute bone conduction was done on 317 adult patients from the otolaryngology outpatient clinic selected at random. All possible patterns in the combination of three tests were explored, and their interpretations worked out. The findings were compared with those of pure-tone audiometry to check their sensitivity, specificity, and validity. RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS: Fifty-eight patterns were obtained, which were classified into 10 types (5 tables) according to the type of hearing loss. The type of hearing loss was determined in all cases, and the better ear was identified in many cases. The overall sensitivity was 76.86%, the specificity was 85.48%, and the validity was 78.54%. CONCLUSIONS: The tuning fork tests of Rinne, Weber, and absolute bone conduction, when combined and interpreted, can be reliable initial diagnostic tools. They can be used to decide whether referral to a specialist or further audiometric testing is required. The patterns presented here depict the vast number of logical possibilities wherein the authenticity of these tests can be checked and the source of errors identified.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗

PubMed1980

Effects of alkali metal chlorides on activity levels of rats in a passive exploration test.

Rats treated with alkali metal chlorides (2 mmol/kg, injected intraperitoneally) were tested for exploratory behaviour in a situation where exploration was indicated by reduced ambulatory activity. Lithium chloride significantly reduced exploration and increased ambulation as compared to sodium chloride treated control rats. Whilst rubidium chloride had similar effects to those produced by the lithium salt, these failed to reach statistical significance. The findings are discussed in the light of two hypotheses, namely that lithium attenuates the central processing of sensory information, and that rubidium acts as a nonspecific stimulant of activity.

Alkalies↗

PubMed1992

Shangri-La revisited: an exploration of therapeutic efficacy among intentional communities.

Field and literature surveys were employed to explore the therapeutic efficacy of a reportedly common set of social structures found among some Intentional Communities (ICs). Substance misuse served as an example of social problems plausibly related to the examined social structures, which included: (1) meditative practices, (2) progressive education, (3) holistic health practices, (4) nutritional diet, (5) open policy making, (6) equally or equitably shared resources, (7) integrating membership processes, and (8) environmental concern. The field survey identified and examined 11 such ICs, and the literature exploration concerning the structures found that they appear to be therapeutic. Future research should focus on refining the study of structural and antecedent variables and on finding relationships between these variables to communities in the larger society.

Female↗

PubMed1984

Failing transcervical thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. An evaluation of transsternal re-exploration.

Twenty cases of failing transcervical thymectomy are reported. They were selected for transsternal re-exploration from a series of 95 patients who had previously undergone transcervical thymectomy because of myasthenia gravis (MG). A specific method for pre-operative detection of remnants of the non-tumorous thymic gland is lacking, but the applied clinical selection criteria were so far reliable: generalized, disabling, fluctuating MG despite cholinesterase inhibitor and/or immunosuppressive treatment, and no or inconsistent improvement after transcervical thymectomy. At transsternal re-exploration the commonest findings were intact lower thymic lobes with persistent venous drainage into the brachiocephalic vein. Presence of thymic tissue was histologically confirmed in all the excised specimens (weight range 10-60, mean 23 g), and the examination showed thymic hyperplasia in 18 cases, fatty involution of the gland in two, and a lympho-epithelial thymoma in one case. The re-operation was followed by objectively registrable improvement in all but one of the 20 patients during observation periods of 8-75 (mean 21) months. There was statistically significant reduction in disability scores (means 8.2-4.9) and in need for anticholinesterase medication (to 67% of pretreatment dose). Immunosuppression became unnecessary in 6 of 11 patients and could be reduced in 4 patients. The incidence of failure in transcervical thymectomy was alarmingly high (27%), and more re-operations are anticipated. Since the transcervical approach involves a high risk of incomplete thymectomy, its use should be abandoned. However, in most of the patients with re-operation, subsequent progress has been sufficiently promising for advocacy of sternotomy whenever the clinical criteria of failure are fulfilled.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

a 10-year experience in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Comparison of percutaneous stereotaxic rhizotomy and posterior fossa exploration.

Of 1000 patients with classic trigeminal neuralgia who were treated during the last 10 years, 90% had an initial favorable response to medical therapy, but 75% (750 patients) failed to achieve satisfactory long-term relief. Of these, 700 patients were treated by percutaneous stereotaxic rhizotomy (PSR) and 50 were selected for posterior fossa exploration (PFE). Of the 50 patients undergoing PFE, 82% had neurovascular contact at the trigeminal root entry zone, but only 46% were judged to have had significant neurovascular compression. Exploration was negative in 16% of patients and revealed neural compression by bone in 2%. Patients with neurovascular compression were treated by microvascular decompression (MVD); all other patients with exploratory surgery underwent partial sensory rhizotomy. At 3 years after PFE, 84% of patients are pain-free. Results are excellent in 68%, good in 12%, fair in 4%; 12% had a recurrence of their neuralgia. The 700 patients treated by P SR have been followed for 6 years. Results area excellent in 61%, good in 13%, fair in 5%, and poor in 1%; 20% had a recurrence. This study indicates that there is no significant difference in results between PSR and PFE in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. The concept that neurovascular compression is a mechanical factor in the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia was supported, but neurovascular compression was less common than previously reported. Percutaneous stereotaxic rhizotomy is a less formidable procedure than PFE, and is easily repeated. Recent technical advances have improved the results obtained with PSR. Therefore, PSR remains the procedure of choice for the majority of patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

Cranial Fossa, Posterior↗

PubMed1991

The Dolenc technique for cavernous sinus exploration (cadaveric prosection). Technical note.

This report describes a surgical approach to the cavernous sinus. Based on the work of Parkinson, Dolenc, and other pioneering investigators, a comprehensive surgical approach for the treatment of lesions of the cavernous sinus is distilled and presented in 12 simple steps. The approach to surgical exploration of this region is divided into an extradural and intradural phase, each with six steps. The bony, neural, and/or vascular structures of each step are discussed. These steps may be used in their entirety for total exploration of the cavernous sinus, but also in part for lesions that involve only limited regions of the cavernous sinus. Either by design or circumstance, every intracranial neurosurgeon will eventually be led to the cavernous sinus region, and a clear understanding of cavernous sinus anatomy should be part of their armamentarium.

Cadaver↗

PubMed2006

NUANCE: Naturalistic University of Alberta Nonlinear Correlation Explorer.

In this article, we describe the Naturalistic University of Alberta Nonlinear Correlation Explorer (NUANCE), a computer program for data exploration and analysis. NUANCE is specialized for finding nonlinear relations between any number of predictors and a dependent value to be predicted. It searches the space of possible relations between the predictors and the dependent value by using natural selection to evolve equations that maximize the correlation between their output and the dependent value. In this article, we introduce the program, describe how to use it, and provide illustrative examples. NUANCE is written in Java, which runs on most computer platforms. We have contributed NUANCE to the archival Web site of the Psychonomic Society (www.psychonomic.org/archive), from which it may be freely downloaded.

Behavioral Research↗

PubMed1999

Path completion after haptic exploration without vision: implications for haptic spatial representations.

Subjects haptically explored two legs of a triangular path and responded by returning to the origin. Seven conditions were tested, varying in (1) whether the path was imaginally displaced between the initial exploration and the response; (2) the nature of the displacement, if present--rotation or translation; (3) variability in the origin location across trials; and (4) instructions to complete a triangle versus remembering the origin location. Mean distance and angle responses were modeled by the encoding-error model (Fujita, Klatzky, Loomis, & Golledge, 1993), which attributes errors to misencoding of the path legs and angle. The model failed to predict the finding of systematic errors in response distance but not response angle, a dissociation that held when the path was undisplaced or imaginally translated. Rotation before responding produced errors more consistent with the model. The data suggest use of a body-centered representation to complete undisplaced or imaginally translated paths, but adoption of an object-centered representation after imagined rotation, as is more consistent with pathway completion using whole-body locomotion.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Neuroimaging studies of serotonin gene polymorphisms: exploring the interplay of genes, brain, and behavior.

Because of the unique ability it provides to investigate information processing at the level of neural systems, functional neuroimaging is a powerful tool to explore the relationship between genes, brain, and behavior. Recently, functional neuroimaging has provided dramatic illustrations of how a promoter polymorphism in the human serotonin transporter gene, which has been weakly related to several dimensions of emotional behaviors (such as neuroticism and anxiety traits), is strongly related to the engagement of neural systems--namely, the amygdala and subgenual prefrontal cortex, subserving emotional information processing. This review will outline the experimental strategy by which these genetic effects on brain function have been explored and highlight the effectiveness of this strategy to delineate biological pathways and mechanisms contributing to the emergence of individual differences in brain function that potentially bias behavior and risk for psychiatric illness.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Locating an insulinoma by surgical exploration.

The case of a 79-year old man who was suspected to have an insulinoma is presented. Although clinically and biochemically an insulinoma was the most probable diagnosis there was no supportive radiological evidence. Open surgery and exploration revealed a lesion which was confirmed to be an insulinoma. The patient's hypoglycaemia improved immediately following surgery. In the Sri Lankan setting where sophisticated imaging procedures are not freely available, open exploration of the pancreas is a good alternative to locate a suspected insulinoma.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Exploring the fear of contracting HIV/AIDS among trauma nurses in the province of Kwazulu-Natal.

A qualitative study, using phenomenology as an approach was conducted. The title of the study was "Exploring the fear of contracting HIV/AIDS among trauma nurses in the province of Kwazulu-Natal". Participants were selected on the basis of category (registered nurses), workplace (level one trauma units), and work experience (six months experience in a trauma unit). Twelve nurses participated in the study, six from the state institutions and six from the private institutions. The objectives of the study were to explore the fear of contracting HIV/AIDS, its effect on their personal/working lives and how they coped with it. The findings of the study revealed that trauma nurses perceived themselves to be at risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS from their working environment despite the available precautionary measures. Needlestick injuries appeared to be the main source of fear. They used different coping and defence mechanisms effectively to cope with this fear of contracting HIV and none were in any emotional crisis. Education at different levels and development of support networks has been recommended as the key strategies to decrease these fears. Other recommendations include improving the quality and availability of protective materials and equipment, making HIV/AIDS a notifiable disease as well as improving general and specific beliefs that increase coping.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2003

Witnessed resuscitation--exploring the attitudes and practices of the emergency staff working in level I emergency departments in the province of KwaZulu-Natal.

AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes and practices of witnessed resuscitation by the staff working in Level I Emergency Departments in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. Witnessed resuscitation involves the 'medical' resuscitation of the patient with their relatives or loved ones present in the resuscitation room (Boyd, 2000:171). METHODOLOGY: A qualitative approach was used to explore the participants' attitudes and practices of witnessed resuscitation using individual semi--structured interviews. The principle of theoretical saturation was applied and a total of six participants from two Level I Emergency Departments (one provincial and one private institution) were included in this study. FINDINGS: The emergency staff disliked the idea of witnessed resuscitation. They believed it to be a harmful experience for the witnesses, a threat to the resuscitation process and the emergency staff, and impossible to implement in their Emergency Departments. There were however, subtle references made during the interviews that revealed some aspects of witnessed resuscitation that the staff favoured once they had considered the practice. There were no written policies to dictate how the relatives were handled, but all the staff agreed that the relatives were asked to wait outside the resuscitation area, were kept informed and then brought in when the patient was stable or had died. A number of recommendations are suggested in an attempt to introduce witnessed resuscitation as an option in KwaZulu-Natal's Emergency Departments.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗