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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Regulated expression of green fluorescent protein in Debaryomyces hansenii.

The broad range of environmental conditions under which Debaryomyces hansenii can grow, and its production of lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes, have promoted its widespread use. The present work represents a preliminary characterization of D. hansenii for heterologous expression and secretion of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Six heterologous expression vectors were used to address protein production efficiency under regulated expression conditions. Protein expression in D. hansenii seems to be similar to that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with transcription being controlled by almost all of the S. cerevisiae and D. hansenii inducible promoters tested, with the exception of the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 gene promoter from S. cerevisiae. Extracellular protein levels in D. hansenii were lower than in S. cerevisiae when Saccharomyces signal peptides were used.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1991

Interactive effects of thyroxine and experimental location on running endurance, tissue masses, and enzyme activities in captive versus field-active lizards (Sceloporus undulatus).

This study investigates the effects of exogenous thyroxine (T4) on running endurance, tissue masses, and the activities of citrate synthase (CS), pyruvate kinase (PK), cytosolic alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH), and beta-hydroxyacyl Coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HOAD) in Sceloporus undulatus (eastern fence lizard). The enzymes were assayed to indicate maximal catabolic activities that support exercise. Parallel experiments were done on captive and field-active groups to determine whether responses in captive studies adequately predict responses in nature. Exogenous T4 was administered via intraperitoneal pellets. The effect of T4 on running endurance was dependent on the location of the experiment (P = 0.040) such that stamina was increased by T4 only in field-active lizards. At lower levels of biological organization, interactivity between T4 and experimental location was evident but less prevalent than at the level of the whole animal, and some location effects occurred independent of T4 treatment. Heart and kidney masses were significantly greater and total hind leg muscle mass was less in captive than in field-active lizards. Thyroxine reduced liver mass in both locations and kidney mass only in captive lizards. Mass-specific CS and alpha-GPDH in gastrocnemius muscle (mixed fiber type) and HOAD in heart were lower in captive than in field-active lizards; PK in heart and liver and alpha-GPDH in heart were higher in captive lizards. Thyroxine increased CS in liver and HOAD in heart, decreased alpha-GPDH in liver in both locations, and decreased alpha-GPDH in gastrocnemius only in captive lizards. The effects of T4 differed significantly between experimental locations in gastrocnemius muscle (T4 decreased PK only in captive lizards) and in liver (T4 increased PK in field-active lizards and decreased PK in captive lizards). The mechanistic basis of differences in stamina between captive and field-active and between placebo and T4-treated lizards is largely unexplained by the factors measured here, thus illustrating the uncertainty of predicting organismal performance from lower level measurements. Nonetheless, T4 has now been shown to have greater physiological activity in field-active than in captive Sceloporus with regard to resting and total daily metabolic rates and running endurance. The results of this study further confirm that endocrine experiments on captive animals may not predict responses in nature. Further efforts to clarify the physiological significance of seasonal variations in levels of thyroid hormones will have to involve, at least in part, invasive studies on field-active lizards.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serial evaluation of fatty acid metabolism in rats with myocardial infarction by pinhole SPECT.

BACKGROUND: Iodine 123-labeled 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(R,S)-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) is mainly trapped in the myocardium as triglyceride, depending on the adenosine triphosphate level. Ten percent to 20% of it is metabolized through alpha-oxidation after beta-oxidation; however, the precise mechanism of the regulatory pathways of BMIPP is yet to be clarified. METHODS AND RESULTS: A brief left coronary artery occlusion (10-30 minutes) was performed in 28 male Wistar-Kyoto rats. Dual single photon emission computed tomography images of BMIPP and thallium 201 were obtained 3 days and 24 days after the operation. The activities of 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HAD), citrate synthase (CS), and alpha-glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) were then measured in both ischemic and nonischemic regions. BMIPP and Tl-201 chloride severity scores were also evaluated conventionally. CS and HAD levels were significantly lower in the ischemic region than in the nonischemic region in the chronic group (CS, 102.9 +/- 28.1 vs 138.7 +/- 33.7 micromol/g/min, respectively, P =.0051; HAD, 54.7 +/- 20.1 vs 78.6 +/- 18.7 micromol/g/min, respectively, P =.0031). There was no difference in GPD between the ischemic and nonischemic regions. The BMIPP severity score had closer inverse relations with HAD (acute, r = -0.82; chronic, r = -0.80) and CS (acute, r = -0.87; chronic, r = -0.81), but not with GPD, than did Tl-201 chloride severity score. CONCLUSIONS: BMIPP imaging correlates well with the activities of HAD and CS, suggesting that a decrease in BMIPP uptake reflects deterioration of both fatty acid metabolism and citrate cycle and shows information other than regional myocardial perfusion.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1987

Correlations between development rates, enzyme activities, ribosomal DNA spacer-length phenotypes, and adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster.

Selection for "fast" preadult development rate among the progeny of flies collected in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster produced a line that developed more rapidly than a line selected for "slow" preadult development rate. Assays for enzyme activity levels showed that the activities of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme were higher in the fast than in the slow line, but that the activity of superoxide dismutase was lower in the fast line. Differences in the frequencies of spacer-length phenotypes of X chromosome-linked rRNA genes (rDNA), which developed between the lines during the selection process, are larger than can be explained on the basis of genetic drift alone. Long rDNA spacers had high frequency in the fast line; short spacers, in the slow line. We conclude that enzyme levels affected adaptation under the selective regimes imposed and that the different X-linked rDNA spacer-length phenotypes are either adaptive in themselves or that they mark chromosomal segments carrying genes relevant to adaptation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1987

On recombination among In(2L)t, alpha-Gpdh and Adh in Drosophila melanogaster.

The occurrence and patterns of linkage disequilibrium between an inversion and allozymic loci within it or nearby have been used in attempts to discriminate among different hypotheses for the maintenance of variability. The interpretation of the data on the best-documented case, that of the nonrandom association between In(2L)t and alpha-Gpdh or Adh in the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster, has been done on the basis that recombination between alpha-Gpdh and Adh is almost entirely due to the recombination between In(2L)t and the locus within it (alpha-Gpdh), the recombination between the inversion and the nearby locus (Adh) being negligible. In this paper, we show that the pattern of recombination is just the opposite.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗