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Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Cervical cancer screening in older women. Issues and interventions.

Although some controversy exists, the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear for cervical cancer screening is widely accepted as an effective mechanism for cancer control. An issue of interest to clinicians and behavioral scientists is the underrepresentation of elderly women in populations screened. It is important for nurses to understand the issues, and hypothesized reasons behind this phenomenon, in order to develop interventions to counteract it. The authors examine this problem from a number of behavioral and clinical perspectives and discuss nursing interventions to improve cervical cancer screening in older women.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

A theoretical definition of minimal acceptable dialysis therapy.

A theoretical definition of "minimal acceptable dialysis therapy" is that which: provides optimal sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and water homeostasis, optimal calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, and nontoxic concentration profiles for all other solutes which exhibit concentration-dependent toxicity normally controlled by renal excretion; results in maximal patient well-being and rehabilitation with minimal dialysis related morbidity; is sufficiently well-defined with respect to dose to be reliably prescribed for any individual patient which requires that, for all solutes of clinical importance, the kinetic behavior and closure of mass balance be verified for individual patients. Empirically, the minimum dose of dialysis (dialyzer urea clearance, treatment time and frequency) sufficient to result in mean predialysis BUN values of 80 mg/dl with documented dietary protein intake (DPI) greater than or equal to 1.0 g/kg/day and measured protein catabolic rate (PCR) equal to DPI has been shown to be acceptable with respect to currently achieved clinical outcome parameters.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Cancer prevention and detection in nursing practice.

Cancer screening by definition is an organized effort to detect cancer at an early stage when reduced mortality is possible. Cancer screening should not be the exclusive responsibility of cancer centres or large urban medical centres. Rather, every healthcare professional should play a significant role in the early detection and education of patients with cancer. Some of the most common and life-threatening forms of cancer are the most preventable. Practical and inexpensive steps exist for thorough and effective screening. Nurses educated in the early detection of cancer are in a unique position; they are on the front line of patient care in educating patients as to the many benefits of early detection. Nurses can incorporate cancer prevention and detection into clinical practice, and by uniting together in these efforts, we will see progress against cancer.

Health Behavior↗
PubMed1995

Alcohol interventions in trauma centers. Current practice and future directions.

Nearly half of all trauma beds are occupied by patients who were injured while under the influence of alcohol. Alcoholism plays such a significant role in trauma that efforts to reduce injury recurrence are unlikely to be successful if it remains untreated. An injury requiring hospitalization creates a unique opportunity to intervene and to motivate patients to alter their drinking behavior, thereby making trauma centers ideal sites to implement an alcohol screening, intervention, and referral program. However, despite emphasis on injury control and prevention, little has been done to incorporate alcohol intervention programs into care of the injured patient. Effective means of intervention exist that are consistent with the time, financial, and staffing constraints of trauma centers, and they should be implemented.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1993

State-specific changes in cholesterol screening--behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 1988-1991.

High blood cholesterol (HBC) is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease (1)--the leading cause of death in the United States. To reduce the prevalence of elevated cholesterol levels in the United States, in 1985 the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute initiated the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). The NCEP recommends that all adults aged > or = 20 years be screened for HBC at least once every 5 years. One of the national health objectives for the year 2000 is to increase to 75% the percentage of adults screened for HBC within the preceding 5 years (objective 15.14). To measure progress toward this objective, data from CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used to examine state-specific trends in cholesterol screening from 1988 through 1991. This report summarizes the results of this analysis and provides a projected estimate of the 1994 screening rates for HBC in each state.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Pain relief for headaches. Is self-medication a problem?

Recent survey results show that 3.2 million Canadians suffer from migraine attacks. Among those responding to the survey, 36% were currently consulting physicians for their headaches, 45% had discontinued consulting physicians, and 19% had never sought medical help. About 90% of these migraine sufferers used over-the-counter drugs. Risks associated with improper use of OTC medications include addiction, gastric irritation, liver toxicity, and rebound headache syndrome.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1994

Implication of scatter/growth factors in tumor progression.

Several steps during cancer progression have been distinguished on the basis of anatomo-pathological observations and experimental data. The first step, which consists of the detachment of the cancer cells from the primary tumor prior to their migration, has received much attention. Several lines of evidence have indicated that inducer molecules of tumor cell dispersion are scatter factors which are similar or identical to some growth factors. Our studies have focused on the dispersing effect of growth factors, such as acidic FGF (aFGF) on a rat bladder carcinoma cell line. These studies demonstrated that specific extracellular matrix components might contribute to the scattering effect of soluble growth factors. Additionally, our results indicated that the dispersing action of aFGF is counterbalanced by its mitogenic effect, since these two functions of aFGF cannot be observed simultaneously for the same cell. Depending on its location in the cell collective, a given cell chooses to enter mitosis or to scatter in response to aFGF. The choice between the two responses is apparently driven by molecules belonging to the transducing pathways of aFGF signaling. Finally, our data indicated that aFGF-induced tumor cell scattering leads to increased in vitro invasiveness and in vivo metastasis. Interestingly, the presence of few aFGF-producing tumor cells in a population of non-producing cells dramatically enhances the growth rate and the metastatic properties of the whole tumor, suggesting that a low proportion of highly metastatic cells in a heterogeneous cell population might modify the behavior of the tumor mass.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Integrated echocardiography (transthoracic-transesophageal) in the differential diagnosis of left atrial myxoma. Description of three clinical cases].

Myxomas are the most common of all primary cardiac tumors among adults; most of them originate from the left atrium in the area of the fossa ovalis. Although atrial myxomas are histologically and clinically benign tumors, they can rarely cause severe complications including embolization and sudden death caused by left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and coronary or cerebral embolization. Echocardiography (Transthoracic and transesophageal) has been considered as the procedure of choice for the diagnosis of atrial myxomas. We report 3 cases in which it has been echocardiographically observed at left intra-atrial mass with similar motion behavior and attachment site, where transesophageal echocardiography has been very important to correctly lead the differential diagnosis (between atrial myxoma and atrial thrombus).

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Investigation of photochemical behavior of pesticides in a photolysis reactor coupled on-line with a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry system. Application to trace and confirmatory analyses in food samples.

The photochemical behavior of pesticides in a photolysis reactor coupled on-line with a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (LC-hv-MS) was investigated. This paper describes the application of LC-hv-MS, in combination with tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS), to identification of phototransformation products and to the establishment of possible photolytic pathways of pesticides. In addition, the applicability of LC-hv-MS as an alternative to LC-MS-MS, for trace and confirmatory multiresidue analysis in food samples was investigated. To demonstrate the potential of this technique, a series of N-heterocyclic compounds, phenylureas and carbamates, was studied. Several parameters, such as irradiation time and nature of photosensitizers, were investigated, and their impact on the photolytic transformation is presented here. The technique's versatility is also exhibited by using it for identification of triazine isomers, and for detection of pesticide residues in food sample extracts. Illustrative applications for analysis in lettuce and blueberry extracts are described.

Food Contamination↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The significance of perinatal alcoholization and its withdrawal in the development of late cognitive disorders in rats].

To study the effect of perinatal alcoholization and its withdrawal on cognitive functions of rats, 25% ethanol solution was administered intragastrically: (1) over the whole period of the rat pregnancy in a dose of 5 g/kg/day; (2) from the Ist day of pregnancy to the 7th day after genera in a dose of 5 g/kg/day; (3) from the Ist day of pregnancy to the 2nd day after genera in a dose of 5 g/kg/day; and then in daily decreased doses (by 1g/kg) to the 7th day. A less pronounced increase in the rat mass and disturbances in maternal behavior (eating up the descendants) was observed for all alcoholization regimes. Alcoholization inhibited the eye opening, but did not affect the body mass increase and elementary inborn reflexes of descendants during the first three weeks of life, whereas in adult male descendants alcoholization deteriorated the ability to training and memory on the "open field" model and bilateral avoidance response. The cognitive disorders in descendants were more pronounced after abrupt withdrawal of ethanol directly after the birth and were minimal after gradual withdrawal of alcohol.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Chaos in the one-dimensional gravitational three-body problem.

We have investigated the appearance of chaos in the one-dimensional Newtonian gravitational three-body system (three masses on a line with -1/r pairwise potential). In the center of mass coordinates this system has two degrees of freedom and can be conveniently studied using Poincare sections. We have concentrated in particular on how the behavior changes when the relative masses of the three bodies change. We consider only the physically more interesting case of negative total energy. For two mass choices we have calculated 18 000 full orbits (with initial states on a 100x180 lattice on the Poincare section) and obtained dwell time distributions. For 105 mass choices we have calculated Poincare maps for 10x18 starting points. Our results show that the Poincare section (and hence the phase space) divides into three well defined regions with orbits of different characteristics: (1) There is a region of fast scattering, with a minimum of pairwise collisions. This region consists of 'scallops' bordering the E=0 line, within a scallop the orbits vary smoothly. The number of the scallops increases as the mass of the central particle decreases. (2) In the chaotic scattering region the interaction times are longer, and both the interaction time and the final state depend sensitively on the starting point on the Poincare section. For both (1) and (2) the initial and final states consist of a binary + single particle. (3) The third region consists of quasiperiodic orbits where the three masses are bound together forever. At the center of the quasiperiodic region there is a periodic orbit discovered (numerically) by Schubart in 1956. The stability of the Schubart orbit turns out to correlate strongly with the global behavior.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Bioenergetic benefits of huddling by deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).

Both short photoperiod and communal social living conserve metabolic energy by deer mice held in thermal neutral ambient temperatures. Initial socialization was energetically more costly than solitary living, but huddling behaviors reduced thermal conductance and mass specific metabolic rate by 30% within 5 days. While short photoperiod reduced metabolic energy expenditure by decreasing thermoregulatory demand, huddling mediated behavioral conservation was achieved with hyperthermic core temperatures.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Severe stress events and use of stress-management behaviors are associated with nutrition-related parameters in men with HIV/AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether severe stress events and more frequent use of stress-management behaviors among men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are associated with more desirable nutrition-related parameters. DESIGN: Data on sociodemographic variables, severe stress events, stress management, and nutrition-related parameters were obtained from interviews, venipunctures, medical record reviews, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and questionnaires from the baseline wave of a three-wave longitudinal study. SUBJECTS/SETTING: The sample consisted of 226 men with HIV who were attending one of three infectious disease clinics. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Multivariable linear and logistic regression were used to determine the association of severe stress events and mean stress-management subscore with nutrition-related parameters when controlling for CD4(+) T cells, age, income, and race. RESULTS: Men with more severe stress events were more likely to experience nausea (odds ratio=1.4, P<.01) and change in appearance (odds ratio=1.25, P=.02). Men who more frequently used stress-management behaviors had a lower body mass index (beta=-1.14, P=.02), lower percent body fat (beta=-1.12, P=.05), more frequent use of nutritional-health promoting behaviors (beta=.52, P<.01), and were less likely to experience a change in appearance (odds ratio=0.63, P=.05) and have unintentional weight loss (odds ratio=0.54, P=.05). CONCLUSIONS: Men with more severe stress events are more likely to experience undesirable symptoms that could adversely influence nutritional health. More frequent use of stress-management behaviors may provide a coping mechanism for stress associated with HIV and ultimately improve nutritional health of men with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2002

Fat, moisture, and ethanol migration through chocolates and confectionary coatings.

The migration of fat, moisture, and ethanol is a common problem with chocolate-coated confectionery products. Migration of one of these components into the coating leads to visual and sensory defects such as sugar or fat bloom, making the product unacceptable to the consumer. The migration rate depends on the structure and composition of the coating. The migration of each of these species can be slowed to a certain extent by proper tempering of the coating, because proper tempering will give a structure that resists migration. In the continuous lipid phase, these chemical species migrate mainly through the liquid portion. Thus, the migration rate depends on the amount of liquid oil present in the product. Migration can be delayed either by reducing the liquid fat content or by immobilizing the liquid phase. The actual mechanisms for the migration processes are speculative, and a more thorough understanding is necessary to better abate quality deterioration. Armed with this understanding, a manufacturer would know a priori the effect of changing the ingredient or process. A few methods for control have been suggested, but have found limited application. Mathematical models have been proposed to predict the migration behavior, but their application is hindered because of the simplified assumptions employed. There is a need for developing better models that combine mass transfer with the phase behavior to be able to accurately predict the migration process. This review discusses the current understanding of fat, moisture, and ethanol migration through chocolate coatings and also includes a brief description of the theoretical aspects governing migration.

Cacao↗