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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Mammalian cells with defective mitochondrial functions: a Chinese hamster mutant cell line lacking succinate dehydrogenase activity.

A mutant cell line derived from Chinese hamster fibroblasts is described which is defective in oxidative energy metabolism. Glucose is continuously required in the medium. As a result of a block in the Krebs cycle, these cells are auxotrophs for carbon dioxide and asparagine. Several experiments support our conclusion that the mutant cells lack appreciable levels of succinate dehydorgenase activity. Other components of the electron transport chain appear to be fully functional, although there is the possibility that electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are uncoupled.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Antimycin inhibition as a probe of mitochondrial function in isolated rat hepatocytes. Effects of chronic ethanol consumption.

Previous studies have established that hepatic mitochondria and submitochondrial particles from rats, fed ethanol chronically, display diminished respiratory activities and alterations in the contents of specific electron transfer chain components. The latter include a decrease of about 50% in cytochrome b content. Titrations of respiratory activity in submitochondrial particles with antimycin, a stoichiometric inhibitor of electron flow through the cytochrome b-c1 region of the respiratory chain, indicated a comparable decrease (35%) in the amount of antimycin required to elicit maximal inhibition ('titer') after chronic ethanol treatment. Measurements of antimycin binding to submitochondrial particles by fluorescence quenching demonstrated a similar diminution in the number of tight binding sites per mg protein. By contrast, hepatocytes isolated from control and ethanol-fed rats exhibited nearly identical rates of oxygen utilization under a variety of conditions. However, antimycin titrations of respiratory activity in isolated hepatocytes revealed a 60% decrease in the antimycin titer, but no change in the maximal extent of inhibition after chronic ethanol treatment. Direct measurements of cytochrome b which could be reduced in the presence of antimycin in hepatocytes confirmed a comparable decrease (42%) after chronic ethanol treatment. The results demonstrate that molecular alterations in the cytochrome b region of the respiratory chain caused by ethanol feeding are present in intact liver cells, but suggest that substrate accessibility, rather than the respiratory chain, limits the rate of oxygen utilization in isolated hepatocytes. The data also suggest that mitochondria account for at least 80% of total oxygen utilization by liver cells from both control and ethanol-fed rats.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1992

Effects of various fat sources on growth and hepatic mitochondrial function in mice.

1. Five parameters with biophysical meaning for Parks' feeding and growth equations showed that mice fed diets containing hydrogenated beef tallow or beef tallow had lower mature body weight than soybean oil, linseed oil or fish oil-fed groups, and that mice fed hydrogenated beef tallow or fish oil diets had a lower feed efficiency factor than beef tallow, soybean oil or linseed oil-fed groups. 2. Mice fed the diet containing soybean oil or linseed oil had higher carcass fat as a per cent of body weight, significantly different from mice fed hydrogenated beef tallow, which exhibited the lowest carcass fat. 3. The respiratory rate of state 3 and the rate of ATP synthesis of liver mitochondria isolated were highest in the group fed the diet containing soybean oil.

Animals↗