The activity pattern of the diaphragm and some muscles of the neck and trunk in chronic asthmatics and normal controls. A comparative electromyographic study.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Abdominal Muscles↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Neck Muscles”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[Influence of aging, menopause and knee osteoarthritis on women's femoral neck strength and muscle force ].
OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of aging, menopause and knee retrograde osteoarthritis on femoral neck strength (FS) and muscle force (MF) of women. METHODS: A total of 306 healthy women aged 15 - 74 were stratified according to age and menstruation status, among which 76 menopausal women suffered from knee osteoarthritis. The bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae (L2 - 4) and femoral neck was measured by DEXA among all subjects. The FS and MF were measured by the Mobility Evaluation System (MES). RESULTS: (1) Influence of aging: FS and MF were at the peak in the group aged 15 - 19 and then decreased with the increase of age. Comparing with those in 15 -19 age group, the FS and MF values of the group aged 60 -74 decreased by 26.2% and 46.9% with the annual decrease rates of 0.55% and 0.99% respectively. (2) Influence of menopause: In the group aged 40 - 55, the FS and MF values of the postmenopausal ones were 9.4% and 21.7% lower than those in the women with normal menstruation respectively. ( 3) Influence of osteoarthritis: The women with knee osteoarthritis had lower FS and MF than those with normal knees; however, only the difference in MF was statistically significant (t = 5.33, P < 0.001). (4) Multiple regression suggested that MF and femoral neck BMD have positive correlation with FS, whereas age and BMI have negative correlation with FS. CONCLUSION: FS and MF decrease annually with the increase of age and such decrease, especially that of MF, is aggravated with the onset of menopause. The menopausal women with knee osteoarthritis have lower FS and MF in comparison with normal controls. It is critical to maintain muscle mass and to enhance muscle force for the prevention and treatment of knee retrograde osteoarthritis.
Adolescent↗
Responses in neck and facial muscles to sudden free fall and a startling auditory stimulus.
EMG responses elicited by sudden onset of free fall and a startling auditory stimulus were investigated in healthy subjects while lying on a couch with their eyes closed. Muscle responses were recorded from masseter (V cranial nerve), orbicularis oculi and mentalis (VII nerve) and sternomastoid and trapezoid (XI nerve). A similar sequence of muscle activation and absolute latencies occurred in response to both stimulus modalities, consisting of a blink (30 msec) followed simultaneously by mentalis, sternomastoid and trapezoid (55 msec). Masseter could either be simultaneously activated with the latter muscles or follow after a delay of 10-20 msec. A patient with bilateral cochleo-vestibular nerve section had responses at comparable latencies in the free fall experiment. The similarities between the reaction to free fall and a startling auditory stimulus indicate that the early response to free fall constitutes a startle and that various stimuli converge onto a common response generator. The latency pattern of neck and facial muscles does not follow a sequence of innervation with increasing segmental distance from a single centre. Therefore, our data do not support the concept that the startle response is produced by a caudally and rostrally spreading volley from a putative pontomedullary centre. It is suggested that the startle response is a polysynaptically generated patterned muscle activation.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Cervicocephalic arterial dissections. A ten-year experience.
Between April 1976 and April 1986, cervicocephalic arterial dissections were diagnosed in 19 of 4531 patients undergoing cerebral arteriography for acute cerebrovascular symptoms. Most dissections were extracranial. Spontaneous cases were as frequent as those following known trauma. Cerebral infarction was the most common presentation. Thirteen patients received only medical therapy, and six had surgery. Most patients survived the initial insult. Many questions remain to be answered regarding the optimal management of this condition, but treatment should be individualized based on clinical status, computed tomography, and angiographic findings.
Adult↗
Ocular counterrolling abnormalities in spasmodic torticollis.
Spasmodic torticollis is a focal dystonic movement disorder of unknown origin, long hypothesized to have some vestibular involvement. An examination of otolith function, ocular counterrolling, was performed on eight patients with this disorder. The test consisted of photographing both eyes while the subject underwent rotation in both naso-occipital and earth-horizontal long axes. Measurements of eye torsion were made with a superimposition technique accurate to 0.1 degrees. Results showed all eight patients had abnormal ocular counterrolling. The most notable defect was the lack of sustained eye torsion at the extreme positions, resulting in rolling of the eyes in the direction of head tilt rather than counterrolling, a phenomenon previously observed only in persons with known brain-stem problems. That finding, as well as the majority of the patients showing spontaneous vestibular nystagmus in the dark and directional preponderance with caloric stimulation, implies that one difficulty in spasmodic torticollis lies in central vestibular connections, manifested by disruption of brain-stem pathways.
Adult↗
McArdle's disease aggravates nuchal and cranial muscle contraction pains.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Vibration-induced shift of the subjective visual horizontal: a sign of unilateral vestibular deficit.
BACKGROUND: Vibration to the head or neck excites vestibular and neck muscle spindle afferents. Can such vibrations improve the sensitivity of the subjective visual horizontal (SVH) test to chronic unilateral deficit of the vestibular system? DESIGN: Controlled experimental study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS AND CONTROLS: Thirteen healthy subjects and 23 patients with chronic unilateral vestibular deficits after vestibular neurectomy or neurolabyrinthitis. Results of head-impulse test showed unilateral loss of function of all 3 semicircular canals in 14 patients and loss of anterior and lateral semicircular canals in 9 patients. INTERVENTION: Unilateral vibration (92 Hz; 0.6-mm amplitude) applied to sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) or mastoid bone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Results of SVH test (in degrees). RESULTS: Without vibration, 13 of 23 patients and all healthy subjects had SVH of less than 3 degrees (sensitivity, 43%; specificity, 100%). During vibration to the ipsilesional SCM, SVH increased to greater than 3 degrees in 21 of 23 patients but in only 1 of 13 healthy subjects (sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 92%). The patient group had significantly greater SVH shifts to the ipsilesional side than did healthy subjects in response to SCM and mastoid bone vibration on either side. The SVH shift during vibration to the ipsilesional SCM was significantly greater than that during vibration to the contralesional muscle (P<.001) or to the mastoid bone on either side (P<.05). The vibration-induced SVH shift was significantly greater in those patients with loss of 3 semicircular canals than in those with loss of 2 (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of the SVH test to chronic unilateral vestibular deficits can be improved by applying vibration to the SCM. The magnitude of vibratory SVH shift is related to the extent of unilateral deficit of the otolithic organs, vertical canals, or both.
Adult↗
Cricopharyngeal muscle under normal and pathological conditions.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
The sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flap.
A myocutaneous flap based on the sternocleidomastoid muscle appears useful in selected circumstances when preservation of the sternocleidomastoid does not compromise oncologic safety. Its principal advantage lies in the single-stage repair of smaller oropharyngeal defects not exceeding 6 cm in diameter. Of the five flaps included in this series, one underwent total cutaneous necrosis; in two of five, partial cutaneous loss developed. Despite varying degrees of epithelial loss, fistulae did not develop because of viable underlying muscle present in this compound flap.
Humans↗
Venous drainage of the lateral trapezius musculocutaneous island flap.
The transverse cervical artery (TCA) and the transverse cervical vein (TCV) form the dominant vascular pedicle for the lateral trapezius musculocutaneous island flap. The experience of others described previously leaves little doubt as to the reliability of this flap. The anatomy of the TCA is such that we have encountered no difficulty in maintaining arterial flow through wide arcs of flap transfer. The TCV, on the other hand, is variable, and maintaining venous drainage may be difficult. After reviewing the available literature and finding little detailed guidance, we studied the anatomy of the TCV in nine patients undergoing surgery and in six fresh cadavers.
Humans↗
Innovations in platysma rhytidectomy.
Cervical and submental deformities are the major complaints of many patients who have had rhytidectomies. Unfortunately, traditional rhytidectomy techniques have failed to provide satisfactory and lasting results in this region. During recent years, the superficial muscular aponeurotic system has been described and multiple platysma surgical techniques introduced. Our technique emphasizes a youthful cervical and submental region. It involves an anterior submental incision, total surgical excision of the anterior platysma bands, conservative submental lipectomy, routine rhytidectomy dissection, submandibular and mandibular fat contouring, and division and rotation of platysma flaps. This technique has been used for two years on 94 patients. There have been no complications specifically related to this technique.
Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
Mandible reconstruction with the trapezius osteomusculocutaneous flap.
The use of the trapezius osteomusculocutaneous island flap for mandibular reconstruction was first described in the American literature by Panje and Cutting in 1980. Since that initial description, we have utilized this composite flap to reconstruct the lower jaw in 24 patients. Approximately 85% of the cases were done for anterior arch defects and/or osteoradionecrosis. With an overall success rate of 87%, this surgical technique offers an especially useful method for immediate reconstruction of the lower jaw.
Adult↗
Autotransplantation of parathyroid tissue into sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Four cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism were treated by total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation into the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These total parathyroidectomy patients are presented to demonstrate the reliability of parathyroid autotransplantation into the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Our technique is described in detail, and all procedures were successful. In one case, the patient was found, in retrospect, to have an adenoma in the transplanted parathyroid tissue. When the patient developed graft-dependent hypercalcemia, a portion of the graft was easily excised under local anesthesia and the patient became normocalcemic. Parathyroid tissue should be transplanted into the sternocleidomastoid muscle rather than other sites because of easy accessibility, one operative site, less graft ischemia, a low incidence of infection, and a high success rate due to excellent blood supply.
Adult↗
The effects of selective nerve stimulation on upper airway airflow mechanics.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of electrical stimulation of hypoglossal nerve branches and ansa cervicalis nerve branches on upper airway patency. DESIGN: Pressure-flow relationships obtained during supramaximal stimulation of hypoglossal nerve branches and ansa cervicalis nerve branches were analyzed in the isolated feline upper airway to determine the maximum inspiratory airflow as well as to determine pharyngeal collapsibility (upper airway critical pressure) and nasal resistance upstream from the site of pharyngeal collapse. Comparisons were performed between baseline and stimulation conditions with paired two-tailed t tests. RESULTS: Stimulation of the proximal hypoglossal nerve trunk, distal medial hypoglossal nerve branch, nerve branches to the suprahyoid muscles, the infrahyoid muscles, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles simultaneously increased maximum inspiratory airflow significantly by decreasing airway collapsibility. A greater reduction in airway collapsibility was observed with stimulation of the tongue muscles compared with stimulation of the strap muscles. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of specific hypoglossal and ansa cervicalis nerve branches consistently increased maximum inspiratory airflow by decreasing airway collapsibility. The major decrease in airway collapsibility from hypoglossal nerve stimulation is dependent on the action of the genioglossus muscle.
Animals↗
The anterior scalene muscle in thoracic outlet compression syndrome. Histochemical and morphometric studies.
Histochemical studies and morphometric fiber type analysis were done on biopsy specimens of anterior scalene muscle (ASM) from patients with thoracic outlet compression syndrome (TOS), without structural abnormality. Hypertrophy and atrophy factors were determined from muscle fiber histograms of ASM from controls, patients with TOS, and after scalene tenotomy. Scalene muscle from patients with TOS showed marked type 1 (tonic contracting) fiber predominance (85.1% +/- 5.1%) and type 1 fiber hypertrophy (55.6 +/- 2.7 microns). After tenotomy there is a reduction of type 1 fiber representation, selective atrophy in the type 1 fiber system (atrophy factor, 0.66 +/- 0.24), and increase of type 2 fibers. These distinctive changes indicate that ASM is uniquely structured in fiber composition to sustain prolonged contraction. The ASM in patients with TOS demonstrates an extraordinary adaptive transformation and recruitment response in the type 1 fiber system reflecting chronic increased tone or motor neuron stimulation. These observations form a basis for clarifying the structural and pathophysiologic changes in TOS.
Adult↗
Brachial plexus irritation due to hypertrophied omohyoid muscle; a case report.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Brachial Plexus↗
Quantitative motor unit action potential analysis in paraspinal muscles.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Action Potentials↗
Assessment of trigeminal small-fiber function: brain and reflex responses evoked by CO2-laser stimulation.
Laser pulses selectively excite mechano-thermal nociceptors and evoke brain potentials that may reveal small-fiber dysfunction. We applied CO2-laser pulses to the perioral and supraorbital regions and recorded the scalp laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) and reflex responses in the orbicularis oculi, masticatory, and neck muscles in 30 controls and 10 patients with facial sensory disturbances. Low-intensity pulses readily evoked scalp potentials consisting of a negative component with a latency of 165 ms followed by a positive component at 250 ms. In vertex recordings, the amplitude of LEPs exceeded 30 microV. Although only high-intensity pulses evoked reflex responses, some subjects showed--even to low-intensity pulses--an orbicularis oculi (blink-like) response that markedly contaminated the scalp recording. Scalp LEPs were abnormal in patients with hypalgesia and normal trigeminal reflexes and normal in patients with normal pain sensitivity and abnormal trigeminal reflexes. Possibly because of the high receptor density in this area and the short conduction distance, laser stimulation of the trigeminal territory yields low-threshold and large LEPs, which are useful for detecting dysfunction in peripheral and central pain pathways.
Adult↗