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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Production responses of lactating dairy cows and heifers given thiabendazole at parturition.

A field trial was conducted to examine the effects on productivity of dairy cattle in 6 herds given thiabendazole at parturition. Criteria examined were milk and fat production, calving interval, services per conception, culling rate, and (in a subset of cows) hematologic response. Analysis of the data for all cows as a group did not indicate a significant effect. For first-calf heifers in 1 herd, a significant (P less than 0.01) and economically important increase in milk production was observed; why the effect was seen was not determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Transplanted Dipetalonema viteae in the jird: effect of worm burden on parturition rates and microfilaremia.

Dipetalonema viteae was studied in the jird, Meriones unguiculatus, to determine the mechanism controlling the level of peripheral microfilaremia. Jirds killed 40 days after infection served as donors of female worms of known age and reproductive status. These worms were transplanted into uninfected jirds and the resultant microfilaremias were monitored. After approximately 100 days, the recipient jirds were killed and 58% of the transplanted worms were recovered alive but depleted of sperm and microfilariae, regardless of the total number implanted in a given host. A direct linear relationship between microfilaremia and the number of recovered adult worms was found. Based on the uniform absence of sperm and microfilariae in the recovered worms it was concluded that female worms, under the conditions of the present study, do not control the peripheral microfilaremia in multi-worm infections through a reduced parturition rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Pregnancy and parturition in multiparae (retrospective study in 203 patients) (author's transl)].

It is a well-known fact that pregnancy and parturition, as well as the post-partum period and puerperium, present special problems in multiparae. Hence, we compared 203 of our multiparae with the total group of 3251 parturients in respect of these parameters in a retrospective study. The results were as follows: Pregnancy of multiparae is characterized by an increased incidence of monosymptomatic or polysymptomatic EPH gestosis and by diabetes mellitus. In multiparae it was considerably less often necessary to induce labour than with the other parturients. There was in increased incidence of premature rupture, meconium-stained fluid, funicular complications, vagino-operative birth and delivery in sectio. Reduced desire to nurse the baby was significant sign in multiparae. There was also a significant increase in stillbirths and in the delivery of children with a birth weight of more than 4000 g. There was no increased incidence of monstrosities.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of factor XII deficiency on pregnancy and parturition.

The clotting parameter of a primigravida with factor XII deficiency was studied during her third trimester of pregnancy, labor and post-partum; and compared with those of her newborn male infant. Sharp increases in factors VII, VIII, IX, X and moderate increases in factors II and XI were documented during pregnancy and at labor. All factors had returned to normal or near normal levels 24 hours after delivery. Factor XII remained at 0.0 level throughout. In the infant the clotting factor levels reflected depression of vitamins K-dependent factors II, IX, and X and a factor XII level of 40.0%. No undue bleeding was noted in the mother at delivery or placental separation, and no bleeding manifestation was apparent in the infant. These findings suggest that factor XII does not play a major role in triggering or modulating the course of normal labor, nor is its absence necessarily associated with bleeding complications during parturition or placental separation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of the beta blockader carazolol (Suacron) on parturition in sows].

It was the aim of this study to investigate the effects of the betablocker carazolol (Suacron) on the birth process of the sow. The drug occupies the betareceptors in different organs without causing the stimulation of adrenaline which induces in part the stress reactions of the organism at these receptors. During delivery the stimulation of the betareceptors of the uterus causes a relaxation of the smooth muscles and, hence, prolongs parturition. It could be illustrated that the intravenous injection of the adrenaline-antagonist carazolol (0.5 mg i.e. 1 ml Suacron/50 kg b.w.) increased the contractions of the uterus sub partu in sows. In a double-blind-trial the same dose of the beta-blocker was administered to sows intramuscularly (n = 523). The rate of deliveries lasting six hours or more was reduced (11.0% vs. 14.5%) in the treated group in comparison with the control group (n = 543) that only received a salt solution. Additionally, the beta-blocker prophylaxis led to a reduced stillbirth rate (7.1% vs. 8.3%), caused less necessity for external aid (6.1% vs. 7.8%), decreased the use of oxytocine (28.9% vs. 34.8%) and managed to diminish the occurrence of puerperal disorders (15.5% vs. 19.5%). These beneficial effects on the farrowing are significant at the 5% level and particularly apparent in sows giving birth to the first litter.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1981

The role of endorphins during parturition.

The concomitant in vivo release of immunoreactive ACTH and beta-endorphin was investigated by measuring the plasma levels of both peptides in the plasma collected during labor and parturition of female human subjects. Maternal and fetal beta-endorphin circulation was investigated by estimating the plasma levels in umbilical vein and artery and comparing them with the maternal plasma content of the peptide. The peptides beta-LPH and epsilon beta-endorphin (which both react with the beta-endorphin antiserum) were separated chromatographically on Sephadex G-50. In the first, and particularly the second stages of labor, levels of both ACTH and beta-endorphin were significantly elevated. The beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity was also elevated in the umbilical vein and artery, although these values were not as high as in the maternal vein. Neither oxytocin nor the mechanical stress produced by dilatation and curettage played a large role in releasing ACTH and beta-endorphin. The normal pathways of releasing pituitary trophic hormones (disinhibition of inhibitory control of releasing factors in the hypothalamus) must be assumed for the mothers, while fetal production of both beta-endorphin and beta-LPH was demonstrated.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1982

Dissociation of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid beta-endorphin-like immunoactivity levels during pregnancy and parturition.

The association between central (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]) and peripheral (plasma) levels of beta-endorphin-like immunoactivity (beta-ELI) in nonpregnant women (n = 8) and pregnant women (a) at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation (n = 6), (b) at term (n = 21), and (c) in labor (n = 15) was investigated. Umbilical arterial (n = 11) and venous (n = 11) samples were also obtained. In agreement with previous investigations, it was found that plasma levels of beta-ELI increased during labor (mean +/- SEM: nonpregnant women, 63.5 +/- 18.2; pregnant women at term, 64.0 +/- 12.2; women in labor, 110.8 +/- 30.3 pg/ml), and that levels of umbilical arterial plasma of beta-ELI exceeded those in umbilical venous plasma (132.5 +/- 34.0 versus 68.2 +/- 22.2). However, CSF levels of beta ELI did not change over the course of pregnancy or during labor (nonpregnant women, 36.5 +/- 15.8; pregnant women at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation, 60.1 +/- 10.3; pregnant women at term, 57.5 +/- 8.4; women in labor 48.5 +/- 8.3 pg/ml). This evidence that plasma and CSF levels of beta-ELI are dissociated during labor calls into question inferences regarding behavioral changes during parturition based on plasma beta-ELI measurements.

Endorphins↗
PubMed1983

Fetomaternal opioid levels and parturition.

The present study evaluates the plasma level changes in beta-lipotropin and beta-endorphin in nine women at term throughout spontaneous labor, in ten pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section in the absence of uterine contractions, and in ten women submitted to emergency cesarean section because of fetal distress occurring during labor. A basal plasma sample was taken before labor in the 39th week of pregnancy. Two subsequent samples were then obtained before and after parturition, together with umbilical cord samples at birth. beta-lipotropin and beta-endorphin were measured by radioimmunoassay after silicic acid plasma extraction and gel filtration. In cases of spontaneous labor, there was a progressive increase in opioid concentrations as labor progressed, the maximal values being observed after delivery. Cord values were similar to those observed in the mother, without showing any relationship to them. Pregnant women undergoing cesarean section in the absence of labor show constant beta-lipotropin and beta-endorphin concentrations both before and after fetal extraction, both values being significantly lower than those found at delivery after spontaneous labor. beta-Endorphin neonatal levels were significantly higher than in the respective mothers and were in the same range as those of infants born through vaginal delivery. In the third group (cesarean section performed at the first stage of labor), presurgical opioid levels were higher than in women at the same stage of spontaneous labor, whereas postextraction values showed a wide range, with mean values similar to those observed after spontaneous delivery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1983

Pregnancy and parturition.

The establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in domestic animals requires interactions between the developing conceptus and the maternal system. These interactions are essential for maintenance of the corpora lutea (CL), conceptus development and placentation, regulation of uterine endometrial secretory activity, placental transport of nutrients and gases, regulation of uterine blood flow, achievement of immunological "privilege" for the conceptus, stimulation of development of the maternal mammary glands and various other effects on the physiology and endocrinology of the maternal and conceptus systems. Interactions between the conceptus and maternal systems are also responsible for initiating parturition. All of these events are discussed, on a comparative basis, with respect to current knowledge obtained from studies of domestic farm animals and, where appropriate, data from laboratory species.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Signs of impending parturition in the laboratory bitch.

The most consistent and reliable physical sign of impending parturition in pregnant laboratory beagle bitches was palpable relaxation of pelvic and abdominal musculature. A drop in rectal temperature was of some value but was found to be too variable between individuals to use as the sole criterion. Abrupt changes in attitude or appetite were the chief behavioral changes observed. Since the institution of a standardized record form for all pregnant dogs, 15 consecutive term litters have been successfully derived from pregnant dogs into gnotobiotic life isolation units.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Parturition under peridural anesthesia (author's transl)].

Basing on a study of 205 "matched pairs", it is shown to what extent peridural anesthesia (PA) influences the course of parturition, the type of termination of birth, and the intrapartal and post-partal condition of the child. The method of PA application is accurately described in the section "Material and Methods". The first stage of labor, or period of dilatation (PD) is not in any way effected by PA. However, PA will almost double the expulsion period (EP). Hence, elective termination of birth via technically simple, complication-free outlet forceps is usually propagated and employed significantly more often. Emergency sections or delivery by forceps due to mandatory indication, are not more frequent under PA than otherwise. The intrapartal condition of the child, measured with the cardiotocogram employing in the score according to Hammacher et al. (6) before and after application of PA, as well as during the last 30 minutes of birth (final score), is influenced only irrelevantly. The Apgar scores one minute and five minutes post partum, as well as the arterial umbilical cord pH values, do not differ significantly between the peridural and the control groups. The authors agree with the widespread opinion that, at the present moment, PA is the best obstetric analgesic method with simultaneous maximum possible safety for the fetus.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Couples at parturition: on the value of short preparation for the shared-birth experience].

Due to the rising number of couples who experience childbirth together, a rising number of men is faced with the problem of feeling as an "intruder" to the delivery room, which traditionally was reserved to women. Therefore, many "Lamaze-Groups" tried to better prepare couples for the birth situation. Since it is often difficult to carry out the commonly practiced 8-hour course, we decided to offer a "short preparation course for couples" and to evaluate, whether this program could convey strategies to cope with the emotional problems of childbirth and how this might manifest itself in individual experience. At two evenings, during two hours each, we referred and discussed the following topics: normal parturition and puerperium, rooming-in, breast-feeding and the psychological situation during this period; relaxation and labor-control exercises were practised together and all relevant rooms of the hospital were visited. In order to evaluate the efficacy of this short preparation, the following data were collected from 26 prepared and 27 unprepared couples: Couples were asked to answer the STAI X-1 state anxiety questionnaire according to Spielberger. Relevant medical data were collected from the patients records. During puerperium, a semi-standardised interview concerning the childbirth experience was carried out. Prepared (EG, n = 26) and unprepared (CG, n = 27) couples did not differ in socio-economic or marital status, parity or acceptance of pregnancy. Age was significantly higher in the TG for men as well as for women. In Spielberger's anxiety questionnaire prepared couples have lower values throughout most items, thus generally may said to be less anxious.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Fetal and maternal endocrine changes during the induction of parturition with the PGF analogue, cloprostenol, in chronically catheterized sows and fetuses.

Parturition was induced in 8 catheterized sows 24-27 h after a single injection of the prostaglandin F (PGF) analogue, cloprostenol (200 micrograms, intramuscular), given at 105-106 days (4 sows) and 109-111 days (4 sows); term = 115 days. All catheterized fetuses were in good condition during the course of the induction and a normal percentage of live births occurred, although the subsequent viability of the piglets appeared to depend on the presence of an adequate suckling reflex. Maternal endocrine changes following cloprostenol included: (1) a rapid drop in plasma progesterone, which fell to below 5 ng/ml within 4 h, (2) a subsequent rise in 13, 14 dihydro-15-oxo prostaglandin F (PGFM) at about 6 h, with an increase in the venous-arterial difference across the uterus, (3) a large prepartum rise in PGFM from about 12 h, (4) a transient rise and fall in plasma cortisol immediately after the cloprostenol and a subsequent rise during labour, and (5) no detectable change in total unconjugated plasma oestrogen. During failed induction (2 sows) maternal progesterone levels remained above 5 ng/ml. In the fetuses, no changes in plasma progesterone were detectable following cloprostenol or during labour although there was a significant increase at birth. Fetal plasma cortisol concentrations had increased significantly 2 h after the cloprostenol, but a much greater cortisol surge began at 16-20 h reaching a maximum at birth. Fetal plasma oestrogen levels also increased just before delivery. These findings show that when farrowing is induced prematurely, the majority of the maternal endocrine changes are similar to those preceding spontaneous labour. However, the gradual rise in fetal plasma cortisol, which normally begins 4-6 days before term, is circumvented; instead a very rapid fetal cortisol surge begins after rather than before the drop in maternal progesterone and rise in PGFM. This results in high neonatal plasma cortisol levels in both catheterized and non-operated piglets and may well account for their viability.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temporal patterns of parturition in mammals in captivity.

Previous research indicates that many primate species are more likely to give birth at night than during the day. This study attempted to determine whether temporal patterns of birth are discernible in a number of non-primate mammals. In addition, it sought to relate time of birth to the sleep/wake cycle and to the level of predation on the species. Data were collected and analyzed on birth hours in 26 mammalian species from two Chicago area zoos . Although temporal patterns of parturition were discernible for many species, the hypothesis that most birth would occur during the restive phase was not supported. However, a significant positive correlation between level of predation and the likelihood that birth would occur during the restive phase was found (n = 0.40). These findings are discussed in terms of predator/prey interaction and the protection (or lack of protection) that restive birthing might afford the mother and offspring at this vulnerable time.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1980

Plasma progesterone concentration in the bovine before abortion or parturition in pregnant animals exposed to Sarcocystis cruzi, Campylobacter fetus, or Aspergillus fumigatus.

Pregnant cows in the 4th and 5th month of the gestation were exposed to Sarcocystis cruzi, Campylobacter fetus, or Aspergillus fumigatus. Plasma progesterone concentrations were determined at intervals from before the cows were exposed until they had aborted or calved. The plasma progesterone concentration of the exposed pregnant cattle remained at 3.95 +/- 2.0 ng/ml until 24 to 48 hours before abortion or parturition, when it decreased to below 1.00 ng/ml. This pattern was similar for cattle exposed to each of the infective agents. Thus, changes in progesterone concentrations in bovine plasma cannot be used as a diagnostic tool for fetal distress or fetal death.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1983

Induction of parturition in mares: effect on passive transfer of immunity to foals.

Parturition was induced in 11 mares, using a synthetic prostaglandin. Eight mares, not treated, were used as controls. There was no significant difference between the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations of the treated and control mares. The concentration of IgG in the colostrum of treated mares compared favorably with that reported for naturally foaling mares. Four foals from treated mares died or were euthanatized because of weakness during the 1st 24 hours after birth. The mean IgG concentration in the surviving foals from treated mares at 24 to 36 hours of age was 1,561 mg/100 ml, which was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than the mean concentration of 2,731 mg/100 ml in foals from control mares. The mean serum IgG concentration in foals from control mares was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than that of their dams, whereas the mean serum IgG concentration of the foals from treated mares was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than that of their dams.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Development of benzimidazole resistance in a Haemonchus contortus strain in the Netherlands following fenbendazole treatment of ewes at parturition.

In contrast to observations in former years treatment of ewes after parturition with 5 to 7.5 mg/kg fenbendazole was not fully effective in removing Haemonchus contortus. Comparison of the H contortus populations in the lambs of these ewes and those of untreated ewes later in the year revealed that the treatment resulted in fenbendazole resistance and also in side resistance to other benzimidazoles. Though the faecal egg counts of the treated ewes were low, the prophylactic effect of the treatment on the population build up of H contortus in the lambs was very limited.

Animals↗