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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Use of timolol in treatment of increased intra-ocular pressure following surgery of congenital glaucoma (author's transl)].

In 16 patients from 9 to 34 year old, whose intraocular pressure remained elevated after a surgical procedure against congenital glaucoma, a timolol collyriam of 0.25 or 0.50 concentration was used as first topic treatment. Success was obtained only in 15% of the cuses. Better result followed systemic use of sulfonamid together with timolol. Nevertheless, medical treatment of these residual overpressures is still difficult. It showld be controlled every three months, paying much attention to the diary intraocular pressure curve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Topical timolol in open-angle glaucoma.

Timolol theraphy was started in 37 patients with open-angle glaucoma whose intraocular pressure was inadequately controlled with maximum medical theraphy or who were having side effects with conventional medication. The intraocular pressure was substantially reduced by timolol in most of the patients, and there were relatively few side effect. A slight decrease in the pulse rate occured in some patients. The pressure-lowering effect was additive to that of other medications the patients were receiving, and was particularly useful in 13 of the 16 patients whose intraocular pressure had previously been inadequately controlled by maximum medical theraphy. The pressure-lowering effect appeared to be well sustained in most patients, although the pressure rose slightly in some.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1977

"Timolol in essential hypertension" a preliminary report.

A study of a new beta-adrenergic blocking drug TIMOLOL (Blocadren) in the treatment of essential hypertension has been undertaken. Twelve hypertensive patients previously undiagnosed and untreated were studied. Results with a twice a day dose of the drug showed a satisfactory fall in systolic and diastolic pressures in all but one patient, who was withdrawn from the trial because of excessive bradycardia. Apart from bradycardia, no serious side effects were observed in the patients. Observation over longer period is advocated to determine the place of Timolol in our antihypertensive armamentorium.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Timolol metabolism in man and laboratory anamals.

The two major urinary metabolites of 14C-timolol in man, involving oxidation and hydrolytic cleavage of the morpholine ring, are also observed in both Sprague-Dawley rats and CRCD-1 mice. These are the N-T(4-[3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]-2-hydroxypropoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-ylT-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine and 1-(1,1-dimethylethylamino-3-([4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl]oxy)-2-propanol. The former was previously identified erroneously as the isomeric compound 1-(1,1-dimethylethylamino)-3-([4-(N-2-hydroxyethylglycolamido)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl]oxy)-2-propanol. Rats and mice had two additional metabolites in common, 1-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]-3-([4-(2-hydroxy-4-morpholinyl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl]oxy)-2-propanol and a compound now proposed to be the corresponding morpholino lactone 1-[1,1-dimethylethyl)-amino]-3-([4-(2-oxo-4-morpholinyl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl]oxy)-2-propanol but for which the corresponding isomeric morpholino lactam structure 1-[(1,1-dimethylenthyl)-amino]-3-([4-(3-oxo-4-morpholinyl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl]oxy))-2-propanol was tentatively proposed in an earlier publication. A metabolite observed in the rat, but not in the other species studied, was 4-(4-morpholinyl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-ol-1-oxide. The metabolic pattern in these rodents does not change significantly after repeated doses. A scheme summarizing the metabolic fate of timolol in man and laboratory animals is presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of timolol therapy on outflow facility.

A 14-week course of timolol therapy in 38 eyes with open-angle glaucoma produced a statistically significant drop (6 mm Hg) in their mean intraocular pressure but had no effect on the mean coefficient of aqueous outflow. These data are compatible with those of Zimmerman et al. obtained after a single drop of treatment and suggest that timolol reduces intraocular pressure by inhibiting aqueous production.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of sodium repletion and timolol maleate administration on the zona glomerulosa of the rat adrenal cortex: an electron microscopic morphometric study.

The effects of long-term sodium repletion and timolol maleate treatment on the zona glomerulosa of dexamethasone- and ACTH-administered rats were investigated. Morphometry showed that both treatments induced a noticeable atrophy of the zona glomerulosa and its parenchymal cells, which is mainly due to the decrease in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondrial compartment. Radio-immunological studies indicated that in the treated rats the plasma aldosterone concentration was significantly decreased. Combined sodium repletion and timolol maleate administration provoked more intense effects than the single treatments. These data confirm the contention that both Na/K balance and the renin-angiotensin system are involved in the maintenance of the growth and steroidogenic capacity of the rat zona glomerulosa, with interfering without the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal axis.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1983

The additional pressure-lowering effect in patients with glaucoma of pilocarpine 2 per cent, adrenaline 1 per cent, or guanethidine 3 per cent with adrenaline 0.5 per cent and timolol 0.25 per cent: a double-blind cross-over study.

A group of twelve comparable patients with primary open angle glaucoma were treated with Timolol 0.25 per cent drops to which was added pilocarpine 2 per cent, adrenaline 1 per cent or guanethidine 3 per cent plus adrenaline 0.5 per cent in a cross-over study. The initial intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction due to timolol was statistically significant. The mean additional IOP lowering due to pilocarpine 2 per cent was 1.37 mm Hg, that due to adrenaline 1 per cent was 1.79 mm Hg and that due to guanethidine 3 per cent plus adrenaline 0.5 per cent was 5.29 mm Hg.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Timolol: a 4-year follow-up study.

In 25 patients with ocular hypertension and open angles timolol maleate lowered the intraocular pressure (IOP) of 71% of the 49 eyes treated, keeping it below 22 mm Hg during 4 years of therapy. However, the IOP tended to drift upward by 2 to 4 mm Hg per year, especially during the first and third follow-up periods (1 year and 2 years long respectively). Thus, patients should be examined every 3 months after an adequate response to therapy is achieved. In this series of patients there was a slight visual loss in about 38% of patients, but it was probably related to increasing age. Field loss occurred in four patients in spite of a good response to therapy. Increased cupping of the optic disc occurred in six patients, four of whom had had a pretreatment IOP of 30 mm Hg or greater. Timolol therapy was well tolerated by the patients, being virtually symptom-free. However, special care would be needed in treating patients with asthma, bradycardia or congestive heart failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of timolol on the movement of water in the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye.

In the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye the following were determined: the rate of appearance, the inflow and the outflow of water under control condition and after pretreatment with timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution. In the aqueous humor HCO3(-), Na+, K+ content and pH was determined. Results suggest that timolol acts on the inflow (production) of aqueous humor.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cardiovascular effects of epinephrine and dipivefrin in patients using timolol: a single-dose study.

Timolol and epinephrine may have cardiovascular effects when used alone topically. These drugs are partial pharmacologic antagonists at the adrenergic beta-receptor. When a placebo, 2% epinephrine hydrochloride or 0.1% dipivefrin hydrochloride was instilled in a randomized, double-blind fashion in eyes treated with timolol maleate no change in heart rate, intraocular pressure or rate of aqueous outflow was noted. The systolic blood pressure did not increase, but with epinephrine a slight increase in diastolic blood pressure was noted. Moreover, cardiac arrhythmias appeared after the use of epinephrine. The pupil enlarged after the instillation of epinephrine or dipivefrin.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Antihypertensive action of drug combination: Timolol, hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene.

A fixed combination tablet containing 5 mg of timolol, 25 mg of hydralazine, 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide and 37.5 mg of triamterene was prepared and its antihypertensive effect compared with placebo in a randomized double-blind cross-over study lasting 16-20 weeks. 37 patients entered the study and 32 of them completed it. The trial drug caused a highly significant drop in blood pressure in both the supine and standing positions (from 172/112 to 142/91 mm Hg supine and from 168/17 to 136/100 mm Hg standing). There was also a highly significant fall in heart rate. Three patients were nonresponders with maximal dose used (4 tablets daily) and two patients had to withdraw from the trial because of complications. In general the side effects recorded were mild and equally common both on placebo and the trial drug. The serum potassium level was well maintained. The serum urate concentration was increased, but no signs of gout were observed. The conclusion was that this fixed combination of timolol, hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Timolol--an update.

Timolol has become a frequent choice in the drug therapy for glaucoma. Its popularity has been enhanced by the initial trials which led to the belief that this medication would control glaucoma without side effects. More recent clinical evidence indicates that although timolol is a useful therapeutic, it is not free from all side effects as previously believed.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed1981

[Long-term treatment of chronic glaucoma with timolol drops: results after four years (author's transl)].

Thirty patients with chronic glaucoma or chronic ocular hypertension were administered Timolol drops for thirty-eight to forty-nine months. Twenty four eyes had their intra-ocular pressure controlled with Timolol alone, during this period, and eighteen eyes with additional treatment (cholinergic agents or sulfonamides). In two cases, temporary superficial punctate keratopathy developed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Hypotensive action of 0.5% carteolol versus 0.1% timolol in patients with intraocular hypertension].

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare 2 beta-blocker eye drops at a low concentration: 0.5% carteolol and 0.1% timolol. METHODS: The study was designed as a random-order, double-blinded comparison of 2 parallel treatment groups. Fifty patients with early primary open angle glaucoma or high intraocular pressure were included. The treatment lasted 4 weeks, on the basis of 1 drop twice daily. Diurnal I.O.P. curve was assessed with 4 measurements from 8.30 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. before and after treatment. The 8.30 a.m. measure of the final assessment of I.O.P. curve was established prior to morning medication. The mean values of the 4 measures were compared. RESULTS: Both treatments reduced IOP by a comparable amount: 4.25 +/- 1.2 mmHg (mean +/- SD) for carteolol and 4.69 +/- 1.9 mmHg for timolol. The decrease of IOP was found at every time of assessment, without any significant difference between treatments. Both eye drops were very well tolerated. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that the new beta-blocker eye drop solution 0.5% carteolol is effective for initial management of high intraocular pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The effect of wrist rest, caffeine, and oral timolol on the hand steadiness of ophthalmologists.

Because hand steadiness is an important aspect of microsurgical technique, hand movement, amplified by a hand-held laser pointer, was measured in 14 ophthalmology trainees on four separate mornings when each had ingested (1) 200mg of caffeine, (2) 12.5mg of timolol (2.5mL of timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution), (3) a combination of caffeine and the beta-adrenergic blocker, or (4) a placebo. Caffeine increased the resting pulse and hand movement. Although the beta-adrenergic blocker and the combination of caffeine and this drug decreased the resting heart rate from that of placebo, they did not significantly change hand steadiness. However, compared with caffeine alone, the beta-adrenergic blocker-caffeine combination significantly decreased hand movement and the pulse. Resting the wrist significantly steadied hand movements. Hand movement was not correlated with the level of ophthalmology training, the trainee's weight, or their daily caffeine consumption.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

A comparative evaluation of pilocarpine 1% and clonidine 0.125% versus timolol 0.5%.

All the presently available antiglaucoma medications have either local or systemic adverse effects. Combinations of drugs are being used not only to increase the effectivity and compliance but also to decrease the incidence and magnitude of side effects. The single dose response of open angle glaucoma eyes to pilocarpine 1%, clonidine 0.125%, a combination of pilocarpine 1% and clonidine 0.125%, and timolol 0.5% was studied in a double blind, masked, cross over study. Over a period of twelve hours the effectivity of the combination of pilocarpine 1% and clonidine 0.125% was significantly more than that of either drug alone and was found to be similar to that of timolol 0.5%. No local or systemic adverse effects were seen.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of nipradilol on aqueous flow in glaucoma patients treated with timolol].

The effect of nipradilol solution (KT-210) on aqueous flow was evaluated using fluorophotometry in 10 patients (6 primary open-angle glaucoma and 4 ocular hypertension) treated with timolol for more than one month. A single dose of 0.5% timolol was instilled into both eyes at 8 AM, and 0.25% KT-210 or placebo was instilled into both right and left eye at 11 AM; the treated eye was chosen randomly. Aqueous flow was measured every hour from 9 AM to 3 PM. There was no significant difference in pretreatment aqueous flow between the two eyes; 1.98 +/- 0.53 microliters/min in the KT-210 treated eyes, and 1.98 +/- 0.76 microliters/min in the placebo treated eyes. The flow measured 1 to 4 hours after KT-210 instillation was 1.66 +/- 0.69 microliters/min, 2.23 +/- 1.02 microliters/min, 2.20 +/- 0.67 microliters/min, and 1.68 +/- 0.64 microliters/min, respectively. This flow did not differ significantly from the flow in the placebo treated eyes (1.83 +/- 0.86 microliters/min, 1.79 +/- 0.69 microliters/min, 2.26 +/- 0.58 microliters/min, and 1.84 +/- 0.32 microliters/min).

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗