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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Using the Delphi survey technique to develop a professional definition of nursing for analysing nursing workload.

This paper describes the use of the Delphi survey technique to develop a professional definition of nursing which is used as a framework for analysing the contribution made to care by learner nurses prior to the introduction of Project 2000. A detailed account is provided of the importance of generating a theoretical nursing perspective to structure the first round of the Delphi survey. The paper goes on to question the validity of developing a consensus about nursing priorities in subsequent rounds of the Delphi survey and argues instead that priorities about nursing care needs can only be determined in the context of practice.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

The total workload of male and female white collar workers as related to age, occupational level, and number of children.

A questionnaire assessing various aspects of paid as well as unpaid forms of productive activity was mailed to stratified samples of male and female white collar workers, approximately matched for educational and occupational level. Data from 501 men and 679 women employed full time revealed traditional gender differences in terms of main responsibility for household duties, child care etc. In keeping with this, women reported higher levels of work overload, stress and conflict than men, which increased significantly with the number of children at home. The various stress indices reached a peak between the ages of 35 and 39. Men reported more autonomy in their paid work whereas women reported more control at home. Men and women at the upper managerial levels reported more control over their total work situation and less conflict between demands.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Pilot study of metropolitan emergency department workload complexity.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of emergency department (ED) patient complexity using the number of procedures, investigations or consultations (PICsum). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 12 months of data from an adult metropolitan teaching hospital ED. RESULTS: A bimodal distribution of PICsum (modal peaks, PICsum 1 and 7) was observed in all Australasian Triage Scale, disposition, mode of arrival, age and referral source groups. Patients requiring a minimum of two procedures or a minimum of two investigations or a minimum of two consultations (Min2 patients) comprised 59% (95% CI 58.5-59.5) of total patients 93% (95% CI 92.5-93.8) of total PICsum. Age is highly correlated with Mean PICsum (Pearson r = 0.98, P < 0.001) and the proportion of Min2 patients (Pearson r = 0.98, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: An intuitive partition in the complexity distribution is identified at up to one procedure, one investigation and one consultation. Patient age is correlated with complexity and ED age distribution may be a useful proxy for complexity, particularly if used in conjunction with validated age versus complexity tables.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Hyperbolic relationship between time-to-fatigue and workload.

The power:time-to-fatigue relationship for high-intensity exercise in man is useful in determining anaerobic work capacity. The purpose of this study was to determine the nature of this relationship in horses. Eight Standardbred horses performed 5 or 6 run-to-fatigue trials on a treadmill. Exercise intensities were chosen to induce fatigue in 30 to 240 s. The order of trials was randomised for each horse, but balanced overall for the first 4 trials. The data for power (independent variable) and time-to-fatigue (dependent variable) were tested for goodness of fit to hyperbolic, linear and exponential equations by nonlinear regression. The best fit to the data was obtained using the hyperbolic relationship t = W'(P- phi PA) where t is the time to fatigue, W' is the anaerobic work capacity, P is the power and phi PA is the critical power value. The values for W' and phi PA were 47,000 +/- 500 J and 2490 +/- 150 watts, respectively. We conclude that the power:time-to-fatigue relationship of horses is hyperbolic and that this relationship may be useful in assessing anaerobic capacity of horses.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Consultation time, workload, and problems for audit in outpatient clinics.

Fifty four of 74 paediatricians in the West Midlands (43 general medical, 11 subspecialist) replied to a postal questionnaire about their outpatient practice: 37 timed each consultation in one clinic. On average, subspecialty consultations lasted 37 minutes for new patients and 29 minutes for review. In general clinics new patient consultations took 23 minutes, review 12. Mean 'single handed' general clinic size was 18, clinics with assistants 24; subspecialist clinics nine and 15. Four to five new patients and nine to 19 review patients were booked per clinic on average; 17/51 clinics used block booking, 34 provided individual appointment times. Mean referral delay was 4.9 weeks, mean clinic wait 22 minutes, and non-attendance averages 16-29%. Solutions are suggested to four main problems: non-attendance, referral delay, unpunctuality and disorganisation, with audit levels for paediatric outpatient activity.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1993

Measuring neonatal nursing workload. Northern Neonatal Network.

A dependency scale has been devised for the assessment of the needs of neonates for nursing time. It has been validated by work studies which have shown that non-surgical babies can be grouped into one of two categories: high dependency babies generating a mean (SD) 25 (5) minutes and low dependency babies generating 12 (3) minutes of nursing work per hour, when the work is averaged out over the whole shift. Any one of five simple and unambiguous criteria serve as robust markers for identifying more than 95% of babies regularly generating more than 15 minutes of nursing work per hour. The scale is simpler, can be applied more rapidly, and with greater consistency, than other currently available neonatal dependency scales. Additional allowance needs to be made for miscellaneous activity not attributable to individual babies, for the occasional baby who requires almost continuous undivided nursing attention, for the possibility of new admissions, and for the provision of an emergency interhospital transport service. A formula is suggested by which safe staffing levels for any given nursing shift can be determined, based upon the number of babies present and their dependency levels as determined by the scale.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

A major sporting event does not necessarily mean an increased workload for accident and emergency departments. Euro96 Group of Accident and Emergency Departments.

AIM: To determine whether there were any changes in attendance at accident and emergency departments that could be related to international football matches (Euro96 tournament). METHOD: Fourteen accident and emergency departments (seven adjacent to and seven distant from a Euro96 venue) provided their daily attendance figures for a nine week period: three weeks before, during, and after the tournament. The relation between daily attendance rates and Euro96 football matches was assessed using a generalised linear model and analysis of variance. The model took into account underlying trends in attendance rates including day of the week. RESULTS: The 14 hospitals contributed 172 366 attendances (mean number of daily attendances 195). No association was shown between the number of attendances at accident and emergency departments and the day of the football match, whether the departments were near to or distant from stadia or the occurrence of a home nation match. The only observed independent predictors of variation were day of the week and week of the year. Attendance rates were significantly higher on Sunday and/or Monday; Monday was about 9% busier than the daily average. Increasing attendance was observed over time for 86% of the hospitals. CONCLUSION: Large sports tournaments do not increase the number of patients attending accident and emergency departments. Special measures are not required for major sporting events over and above the capacity of an accident and emergency department to increase its throughput on other days.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1994

Methadone maintenance in general practice: patients, workload, and outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To assess recruitment to and work-load associated with methadone maintenance clinics in general practice; to investigate the characteristics of patients and outcomes associated with treatment. DESIGN: Study of case notes. SETTING: Methadone maintenance clinics run jointly by general practitioners and drug counsellors in two practices in Glasgow. PARTICIPANTS: 46 injecting drug users receiving methadone maintenance during an 18 month period, 31 of whom were recruited to clinic based methadone maintenance treatment and 15 of whom were already receiving methadone maintenance treatment from the general practitioners. Mean (SD) age of patients entering treatment was 29.6 (5.5) years; 29 were male. They had been injecting opiates for a mean 9.9 (5.1) years, and most had a concurrent history of benzodiazepine misuse. Average reported daily intake of heroin was approximately 0.75 g. Participants in treatment had high levels of preexisting morbidity, and most stated that they committed crime daily. RESULTS: 2232 patient weeks of treatment were studied. Mean duration of treatment during the study period was 50.7 (21.1) weeks and retention in treatment at 26 weeks was 83%. No evidence of illicit opiate use was obtained at an average of 78% of patients' consultations where methadone had been prescribed in the previous week; for opiate injection the corresponding figure was 86%. CONCLUSIONS: Providing methadone maintenance in general practice is feasible. Although costs are considerable, the reduction in drug use, especially of intravenous opiates, is encouraging. Attending clinics also allows this population, in which morbidity is considerable, to receive other health care.

Adult↗