SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “construct validity”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality disorders in a nonclinical sample of adolescents].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the comorbidity of borderline personality disorder and other personality disorders in a nonclinical sample of high-school students. METHOD: 311 high-school students who completed the French version of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale), were asked to participate to interviews evaluating personality functioning: 60 subjects (19%) accepted to participate in the study. The mean CES-D score of these 60 subjects (16 boys, 44 girls, mean age=17.7 1.7) was significantly higher than the mean score of the whole sample (23.9 10.4 versus 16.7 9.8). Thus the interviewed sample was not representative of the population of high-school students. Subjects were assessed using the major depressive episode module of the MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) and the SIDP IV (Structured Interview for DSM IV Personality). Inter-rater reliability was determined by comparing the independent ratings of interviewers and an experienced clinician on a random sample of 20 interviews. For DSM IV borderline personality disorder diagnosis, the Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.85. For personality disorder criteria, kappa ranged from 0.6 to 1.0 (average kappa=0.79). RESULTS: Sixteen of these subjects (26,7%, 4 males, 12 females) received a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder according to DSM IV criteria. The mean CES-D score of borderline subjects (30.6 10.2) was significantly higher than the mean score of nonborderline subjects (21.6 10.5). Of the 16 borderline subjects, 11 (75%) received a diagnosis of major depressive disorder versus 14 (31%) of the non borderline subjects. None of the other personality disorders approached the frequency of borderline personality disorder. The next most frequent diagnoses were depressive and dependent personality disorders which occurred in respectively in 16.6% and 10% of the 60 subjects. All the personality-disorders occurred at higher rates in the group with borderline personality disorder with the exception of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder which was diagnosed only in nonborderline subjects. Of the 16 borderline subjects, 11 (68.7%) met the criteria for another personality disorder which were depressive personality disorder (N=5), paranoid personality disorder (N=4), dependent personality disorder (N=3), antisocial personality disorder (N=2), histrionic personality disorder (N=2), avoidant personality disorder (N=2), negativistic personality disorder (N=2), schizotypal personality disorder (N=1), narcissistic personality disorder (N=1), self-defeating personality disorder (N=1). The optional diagnoses (self-defeating, depressive and negati-vistic personality disorders) accounted for 8 of 23 (34.7%) cases of personality disorders diagnosed among borderline subjects. Among these 11 adolescents, 5 received 2 diagnoses of personality disorders (borderline and paranoid personality disorders, N=1; borderline and dependent personality disorders, N=1; borderline and depressive personality disorders, N=3), 3 received 3 diagnoses (borderline, antisocial and histrionic personality disorders, N=1; borderline, avoidant and negativistic personality disorders, N=1; borderline, depressive and negativistic personality disorders, N=1), 3 received 5 diagnoses (borderline, paranoid, histrionic, narcissistic and dependent personality disorders, N=1; borderline, paranoid, dependent, avoidant and depressive personality disorders, N=1; borderline, paranoid, schizotypal, antisocial and self-defeating personality disorders, N=1). Among the 44 adolescents (12 boys, 32 girls) without borderline personality disorder, 10 (22.7%) (3 boys, 7 girls) met the criteria for another personality disorder which were depressive personality disorder (N=5) or cluster C disorders -obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (N=4), dependent personality disorder (N=2), avoidant personality disorder (N=1) - with the exception of one diagnosis of histrionic personality disorder. Two subjects received 2 diagnoses (obsessive-compulsive and depressive personality disorder). The internal consistency of personality disorders criteria was assessed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Borderline personality disorder criteria had high internal consistency (0.82). The factor structure of borderline personality disorder criteria was studied with an exploratory factorial analysis which extracted three factors. The eigenvalues were 3.70, 1.06, and 1.01. Confirmatory factorial analyses were conducted. The correlated two-factor model and the three-factor model fit the data well but the correlation between factors was, however, judged too high, ranging from 0.70 to 0.78. The one-factor model proved to have a good fit (Goodness of Fit Index=0.89, Comparative Fit Index=0.90, Root Mean Square Residual=0.07). As a previous study showed the frequency of two schizotypal personality disorder criteria (odd beliefs/magical thinking experiences and unusual perceptual experiences), an exploratory factorial analysis was performed on the combined set of criteria of borderline and schizotypal personality disorders. It yielded 2 factors: the first factor consisted of all the borderline personality disorder criteria, odd beliefs/magical thinking, and unusual perceptual experiences and could be called the borderline factor; the second factor consisted of the paranoid and the social avoidance criteria and could be called the interpersonal hypersensitivity factor. A confirmatory factor analysis showed that this two-factor model provided a good fit to the data (GFI=0.82, CFI=0,91, RMSR=0.10). The correlation between factors was weak (0.25). These results suggest that odd beliefs/magical thinking and unusual perceptual experiences are a component of borderline symptomatology in adolescents. DISCUSSION: The high frequency of major depressive disorder and personality disorders in the interviewed sample may be due to the possibility that adolescents with psychological problems have used the interview as a way to obtain attention and support from a psychologist. The interviewed sample, which was characterized by a high intensity of depressive symptomatology and by a high frequency of borderline personality disorder, could thus be seen as intermediate between a clinical and a community sample. Our results may be more generalizable to an outpatients population of adolescents. This study found conflicting results about the construct validity of borderline personality disorder in adolescent. The high internal consistency and the one-factor structure of the borderline personality disorder criteria argue for their validity in adolescents. However, the high rates of comorbidity of borderline personality disorder with depression and other personality disorders, extended to clusters A, B and C and to optional diagnoses, suggest the lack of construct validity of either borderline personality or cluster B disorders in adolescents. CONCLUSION: Borderline symptomatology in adolescents appears more in adequacy with a dimensional model than with a typological classification. More studies are needed to assess and improve the construct validity of borderline personality disorder in adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Construction and validation of a perceived physical fitness scale.

Numerous researchers have demonstrated that improvements in physical conditioning can influence one's psychological functioning. Heaps proposed in 1978 that physical improvement does not improve psychological functioning. Heaps contended that only when an individual is cognitively aware of the physical improvement can one expect psychological functioning to be enhanced through physical activity. The purpose of this study was to construct a valid and reliable instrument to assess an individual's perception of his physical fitness.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Constructing and validating a consumer health portal rating index.

Web-based consumer health information portals are on the increase. With such a large number of health related sites available, design and information quality are key concerns. This article provides an evaluation framework based on the work of Slack (2001) and the HONcode guidelines. Research shows that greater transparency is needed with regard to how rating instruments are constructed and validated. The consumer health portal index developed in this research has been tested for face and content validity through a series of focus groups following Sullivan's 5 step process.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed2003

Validity and reliability of the MSQLI in cognitively impaired patients with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has important effects on quality of life but it is unknown how cognitive impairment affects the ability to assess or report this. Our objective was to determine whether cognitive impairment negatively affects the construct validity and the reliability of the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI). A neuropsychological test battery and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) were administered to a sample of 136 patients referred for cognitive testing by their neurologists. Age, sex, education and ethnicity-adjusted T scores were calculated for each cognitive variable. Cognitive impairment was defined as any T score less than the fifth percentile. The MSQLI was administered prior to neuropsychological testing and readministered one to four weeks later: Correlations between the MSFC and the SF-36 were determined and compared between the cognitively impaired and unimpaired groups as the main test of construct validity. Test-retest and internal consistency reliability of each of the scales were compared for the impaired and unimpaired groups. Seventy-six (56%) patients were cognitively impaired. Construct validity and internal consistency reliability did not differ between the cognitively impaired and unimpaired groups. Test retest reliability was lower for the bladder and vision scales in the impaired group, but remained acceptable for the bladder scale (r > 0.7). Cognitive impairment, a common MS manifestation, does not appear to reduce the reliability or validity of the MSQLI as a patient self-report measure of health status and quality of life.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Discriminative aspects of two generic and two asthma-specific instruments: relation with symptoms, bronchodilator use and lung function in patients with mild asthma.

The objective of this study was to compare the two most frequently used asthma-specific quality of life (QOL) questionnaires and two generic QOL questionnaries with clinical data in order to establish their ability to discriminate in asthma severity, also referred to as cross-sectional construct validity. We conducted a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled study investigating the long-term effects of the long-acting beta 2-agonist formoterol in asthma patients using inhaled corticosteroids and short-acting beta 2-agonists. Before randomization, the peak expiratory flow (PEF) and use of beta 2-agonists for relief of symptoms were recorded twice daily for 1 month. At the end of the run-in period, the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), airway hyper-responsiveness (PC20 methacholine) and QOL were measured, using two asthma-specific questionnaires, the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and the Living with Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (LWAQ), as well as two generic questionnaires, the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and the Psychological General Well Being (PGWB) index. The quality of life of the patients (n = 110) was only mildly impaired. The mean symptom score was 3.6 on a scale of 0-21 and the mean FEV1 was 65% of that predicted. The correlations between the QOL parameters and objective measures of asthma severity, such as the FEV1, PEF and PC20, were low (0.01-0.37). The correlations between the QOL parameters and subjective measures of asthma severity, such as symptom scores (range 0.26-0.65) and beta 2-agonist use for the relief of symptoms (0.09-0.39), were higher. The correlations of the activity and symptoms domains of the AQLQ with diary-obtained symptom scores were r = 0.50 (p < 0.0001) and r = 0.65 (p < 0.0001), respectively. The correlation between the physical construct of the LWAQ and symptom scores was r = 0.42 (p < 0.001) and that between the physical sumscore of the SF-36 and symptom scores was r = 0.50 (p < 0.001). The correlation between the PGWB and symptom scores was r = 0.41 (p < 0.001). The relation between the FEV1, PEF and PC20 and QOL was very low. The QOL measurements related well to the symptom scores. The AQLQ had a better cross-sectional construct validity than the LWAQ. The cross-sectional construct validity of the SF-36 was surprisingly high for this group of patients and the SF-36 performed better than the PGWB and LWAQ.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗

PubMed2001

The General Functioning Scale of the Family Assessment Device: does it work with Chinese adolescents?

The reliability and validity of the General Functioning (GF) Scale of the Chinese version of the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) were examined in three studies. In Study 1, data based on 361 adolescents showed that the GF scale was temporally stable and internally consistent, and there was support for its concurrent and construct validities. In Study 2, data analyzed from a clinical group and a nonclinical group (N = 281 and 451, respectively) showed that the GF scores were able to discriminate these two groups. With data pertaining to 3649 secondary-school students, Study 3 gives support for the internal consistency, concurrent validity, and construct validity of the GF scale in different adolescent samples. These studies strongly suggest that the GF scale of the FAD possesses good psychometric properties in different Chinese adolescent samples.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ): a validation study of a multidimensional self-report questionnaire to assess distress, depression, anxiety and somatization.

BACKGROUND: The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) is a self-report questionnaire that has been developed in primary care to distinguish non-specific general distress from depression, anxiety and somatization. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate its criterion and construct validity. METHODS: Data from 10 different primary care studies have been used. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing the 4DSQ scores with clinical diagnoses, the GPs' diagnosis of any psychosocial problem for Distress, standardised psychiatric diagnoses for Depression and Anxiety, and GPs' suspicion of somatization for Somatization. ROC analyses and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations. Construct validity was evaluated by investigating the inter-correlations between the scales, the factorial structure, the associations with other symptom questionnaires, and the associations with stress, personality and social functioning. The factorial structure of the 4DSQ was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The associations with other questionnaires were assessed with Pearson correlations and regression analyses. RESULTS: Regarding criterion validity, the Distress scale was associated with any psychosocial diagnosis (area under the ROC curve [AUC] 0.79), the Depression scale was associated with major depression (AUC = 0.83), the Anxiety scale was associated with anxiety disorder (AUC = 0.66), and the Somatization scale was associated with the GPs' suspicion of somatization (AUC = 0.65). Regarding the construct validity, the 4DSQ scales appeared to have considerable inter-correlations (r = 0.35-0.71). However, 30-40% of the variance of each scale was unique for that scale. CFA confirmed the 4-factor structure with a comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.92. The 4DSQ scales correlated with most other questionnaires measuring corresponding constructs. However, the 4DSQ Distress scale appeared to correlate with some other depression scales more than the 4DSQ Depression scale. Measures of stress (i.e. life events, psychosocial problems, and work stress) were mainly associated with Distress, while Distress, in turn, was mainly associated with psychosocial dysfunctioning, including sick leave. CONCLUSION: The 4DSQ seems to be a valid self-report questionnaire to measure distress, depression, anxiety and somatization in primary care patients. The 4DSQ Distress scale appears to measure the most general, most common, expression of psychological problems.

Anxiety↗

PubMed2003

A contemporary validation of the Reeder Stress Inventory.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the construct validity of the RSI in a contemporary cohort. DESIGN: A cross-sectional investigation of 1,717 employed individuals who responded to the second stage of a study of occupational stress. METHODS: Scores on the RSI are compared to smoking and drinking habits, social class, and two measures of health (number of days sick leave, and number of visits to a GP during the previous year). The RSI was compared to three questionnaires measuring concepts related to stress: the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Karasek Job Strain Questionnaire. RESULTS: Higher levels of stress, as measured by the RSI, were associated with smoking a greater number of cigarettes, and, if the respondent drank alcohol, greater consumption of alcoholic drinks. High levels of stress were also associated with having taken more days sick leave, having made more frequent visits to a GP, and, somewhat unexpectedly, with being a teetotaller, and with holding a non-manual occupation. Of the questionnaire measures, the strongest association was between the RSI and HADS anxiety subscale, consistent with an overlap between the concepts of stress and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the construct validity of the RSI in a sample of employed individuals.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

The Parent Health Belief Scales: replication in an urban clinic population.

Health locus of control (HLC) has been used to operationalize general health motivation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the internal consistency and construct validity of Tinsley and Holtgrave's Parent Health Belief Scales (PHBS) as a measure of maternal HLC toward their children's health. Five hundred mothers (71% of eligible consecutive admissions) of newborns admitted to the normal newborn nursery of a large municipal teaching hospital were interviewed 24 to 72 hours after delivery. Principal components factor analysis of the PHBS did not support the originally hypothesized three-dimensional factor structure of the PHBS. In addition, the original subscales did not have adequate internal consistency reliability. Further assessment of construct validity by comparison with maternal preventive health behaviors showed some evidence of construct validity for the scales when compared with breastfeeding behavior. When the three items written as reverse-coded Internality items are not reversed, a reliable seven-item Externality scale emerges which contains items originally thought to represent all three dimensions of HLC.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

The structured interview for anorexic and bulimic disorders for DSM-IV and ICD-10 (SIAB-EX): reliability and validity.

OBJECTIVE: For reliable and valid assessment and diagnostic categorization of eating disorders, self-report measures have considerable limitations. A semi-structured interview - the SIAB-EX - was developed for a more reliable and valid assessment of eating disorders. METHODS: One study (videotapes of 31 inpatients, seven raters) was made to establish inter-rater reliability; in another study with 80 patients the SIAB-EX was compared to another semi-structured interview designed for comparable purposes (EDE). In a third study data was obtained on 377 eating disorder patients seeking treatment to explore discriminant and convergent (construct) validity using the following self-rating scales: EDI, TFEQ, SCL-90, BDI, and the PERI Demoralization Scale. RESULTS: Inter-rater reliability of dichotomous ratings was good with mean kappa values of.81 (current) and.85 (past). Comparison of the SIAB-EX with the EDE generally showed quite similar results and higher intercorrelation of the total scale (.77). There are, however, a number of differences between the two scales, which are discussed in detail. Construct validity of the SIAB-EX was established. CONCLUSION: Inter-rater reliability was good. Convergent and discriminant (construct) validity of the SIAB-EX was demonstrated. The constructs assessed by the SIAB and its subscales and items are discussed in the context of their correlations with other well-known scales.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1997

The development of the 'Quality-of-life for Respiratory Illness Questionnaire (QOL-RIQ)': a disease-specific quality-of-life questionnaire for patients with mild to moderate chronic non-specific lung disease.

Chronic non-specific lung disease (CNSLD) encompasses asthma as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recently in health care, there has been increasing awareness in the functional, psychological and social aspects of the health of patients; their quality of life (QOL). Quality-of-life research addressing CNSLD patients has been rather underdeveloped for a long period of time. Recently, however, the importance of QOL is being increasingly recognized, and several research groups have started to study QOL in CNSLD patients in more detail. This paper describes the construction of a disease-specific QOL instrument for patients with mild to moderately severe CNSLD. Items relating to several domains of QOL were listed, and 171 CNSLD patients in general practice were asked how much of a problem each item had been (assessed on a seven-point Likert scale). After applying an item-selection procedure, a uni-dimensional QOL questionnaire was constructed consisting of 55 items divided into seven domain subscales: breathing problems, physical problems, emotions, situations triggering or enhancing breathing problems, general activities, daily and domestic activities, and social activities, relationships and sexuality. Reliability estimates of the domain subscales of the constructed questionnaire varied from 0.68 to 0.89, and was 0.92 for the QOL for Respiratory Illness Questionnaire (QOL-RIQ) total scale. A first impression of the construct validity of the questionnaire was gained by investigation of the relationship between the QOL domain subscales and several indicators of illness severity, as well as the relative contribution of illness severity variables, background characteristics and symptoms to QOL, using regression analysis. Further research to validate the questionnaire to a greater extent (construct validity, test-retest reliability and responsiveness to change) is currently taking place.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Two approaches to measuring quality of life in the HIV/AIDS population: HAT-QoL and MOS-HIV.

OBJECTIVES: Reduce the number of HIV/AIDS-Targeted Quality of Life (HAT-QoL) items, assess psychometric performance of the shortened HAT-QoL, and compare psychometric performance of HAT-QoL to that of Medical Outcomes study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV). DESIGN/SUBJECTS: Convenience sample of 215 cross-sectionally studied seropositive individuals. METHODS: Subjects completed the HAT-QoL, MOS-HIV, and sociodemographic and disease-specific questions. HAT-QoL and MOS-HIV responses were entered, separately, into principal components analysis (PCA). Results from PCA, internal consistency and correlation assessments were used to aid the item removal process. Dimension characteristics (e.g., score distributions, internal consistency, scaling success rates, intercorrelations, construct validity) were evaluated. RESULTS: PCA of subjects' (80% male; 45% white; 62% gay/bisexual) responses revealed nine previously identified HAT-QoL dimensions. The measure was shortened by removing 12 items. Two HAT-QoL dimensions (HIV mastery and provider trust) had ceiling effects. All internal consistency coefficients were > 0.80, except those for sexual function (0.57) and medication concerns (0.57). HAT-QoL scaling success rates were > 90% for 7 of 9 dimensions, and a majority of dimensions showed minimal to low intercorrelations. Validity assessments indicated consistent, expected relationships (p < or = 0.05) for all dimensions except the medication concerns and provider trust dimensions. PCA indicated five MOS-HIV factors. Six of the 11 previously defined MOS-HIV dimensions--physical, role, social, and cognitive function, pain, and health transition--had substantial ceiling effects. MOS-HIV scaling success rates were > 90% for only 2 out of 8 evaluable dimensions; three dimensions had very low (40-73%) scaling success rates. Most MOS-HIV dimensions were moderately-to-highly intercorrelated. Validity assessments indicated consistent, expected relationships for all MOS-HIV dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: Six dimensions of the shortened HAT-QoL instrument (overall function, disclosure worries, health worries, financial worries, HIV mastery, and life satisfaction) exhibited good psychometric properties, including limited ceiling effects, low dimension intercorrelations, high internal consistency, and evidence for construct validity. All multi-item MOS-HIV dimensions had high internal consistency and all dimensions revealed consistent evidence for construct validity.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2005

Development and validation of a clinical index for assessment of long-term damage in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a clinical measure of articular and extraarticular damage in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS: The Juvenile Arthritis Damage Index (JADI), which is derived from physical examination and a brief review of the patient's clinical history, is composed of 2 parts: assessments of articular damage (JADI-A) and extraarticular damage (JADI-E). Instrument validation was accomplished by evaluating 158 JIA patients with disease duration of at least 5 years, seen consecutively over 21 months. The instrument's feasibility, face and content validity, construct and discriminative ability, internal consistency, and interrater reliability were examined. RESULTS: Among the 158 JIA patients, 47% and 37% had articular and extraarticular damage, respectively. The JADI was found to be feasible and to possess both face and content validity. The JADI-A score correlated highly with the number of joints with limited range of motion (Spearman's r [r(S)] = 0.72) and correlated moderately with the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire score (r(S) = 0.41), Steinbrocker functional classification (r(S) = 0.50), and Poznanski's score of radiographic damage (r(S) = -0.54), thereby demonstrating good construct validity. Correlations with the JADI-E score were lower, owing to the heterogeneity of its items. The JADI-A discriminated well among different levels of disability. The internal consistency (Chronbach's alpha) of the JADI-A and JADI-E was 0.93 and 0.59, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients between pairs of independent observers ranged from 0.85 to 0.97. CONCLUSION: The JADI exhibited good reliability, construct validity, and discriminative ability and is therefore a valid instrument for the assessment of long-term damage in patients with JIA, in the context of both clinical management and research settings.

Arthritis, Juvenile↗

PubMed2001

Construction and validation of the mealtime and dysphagia questionnaire: an instrument designed to assess nursing staff reasons for noncompliance with SLP dysphagia and feeding recommendations.

The lack of compliance of nursing staff with SLP recommendations may be an important contribution to the swallowing and feeding problems of the elderly and the consequent elevated probability of aspiration pneumonia and other sequelae. There is a need to study the prevalence of noncompliance with SLP recommendations for swallowing and feeding and the reason for nursing staff noncompliance for dependent feeders. This researcher constructed and validated a 21-item instrument designed to assess the reasons for staff noncompliance with SLP recommendations using a sample of 180 nursing staffers in a nursing home. The instrument, entitled the Mealtime and Dysphagia Questionnaire (MDQ), was demonstrated to have adequate reliability and concurrent validity. In addition, analyses were conducted that suggested that RNs were less compliant than CNAs. RNs indicated that they had less knowledge and regarded feeding of patients as more of a nuisance than CNAs. The major reason for RNs' noncompliance was lack of knowledge and CNAs' noncompliance was disagreement with the SLP's recommendations. The implications for SLP and nursing practice were discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2001

Measuring enjoyment of physical activity in adolescent girls.

BACKGROUND: Enjoyment has been implicated as a determinant of physical activity among youth, but advances in understanding its importance have been limited by the use of measures that were not adequately validated. The present study examined: (1) the factorial validity of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), and (2) the construct validity of PACES scores. METHODS: Adolescent girls (N=1797), who were randomly assigned to calibration (n=899) and cross-validation (n=898) samples, completed the PACES and measures of factors influencing enjoyment of physical education, physical activity, and sport involvement. The factorial validity of the PACES and the measure of factors influencing enjoyment of physical education was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The hypothesized relationships among the measures were tested using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: Unidimensional models fit the PACES and the measure of factors influencing enjoyment of physical education in the calibration and cross-validation samples. The hypothesized relationships between the PACES and the measures of factors influencing enjoyment of physical education, physical activity, and sport involvement were supported in the entire sample, were similar in African-American and Caucasian girls, and were independent of physical fitness. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of factorial validity and convergent evidence for construct validity indicate that the PACES is a valid measure of physical activity enjoyment among adolescent girls, suitable for use as a mediator variable in interventions designed to increase physical activity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Construction and validation of a taxonomy of nursing interventions.

As the nursing profession evolves, it is becoming increasingly evident that standardized languages are needed for nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions, and nursing sensitive patient outcomes. Such classifications will make explicit what is now largely implicit about the nature of nursing practice. These classifications are needed so nursing can enter both the computer world of health information systems and national databases used for health policy planning. A large and diverse research team at the University of Iowa has been working since 1987 on the construction and validation of a classification of nursing interventions. In 1990, the National Center for Nursing Research (NCNR) funded the Iowa Intervention Project team with a three-year (R01NR02079) grant and in 1993 awarded a four-year continuation grant. In June 1992, Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) (Iowa Intervention Project, 1992) was published, representing the work of the Iowa group to date. The purpose of this paper is to describe NIC and the on-going efforts at Iowa to develop a standardized language to describe nursing treatments.

Databases, Factual↗

PubMed2007

ADL assessment of nondisabled Turkish children with the WeeFIM instrument.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the WeeFIM instrument's reliability and internal construct validity for the Turkish child population. DESIGN: License was taken from UDSmr to use the WeeFIM instrument. For the reliability and validity studies of the Turkish translation of the WeeFIM instrument, 573 Turkish nondisabled children were included in the study. The reliability of the instrument was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and test-retest reliability. Internal construct validity was assessed by both using Rasch unidimensional measurement model and testing for differential item functioning for age and gender. RESULTS: Cronbach alpha value was 0.99 for motor WeeFIM rating and 0.99 for cognitive WeeFIM rating. ICC was 0.81 for motor WeeFIM rating and 0.92 for cognitive WeeFIM rating. The internal construct validity of the Turkish translation of the WeeFIM instrument was confirmed by excellent fit to the Rasch measurement model. Two subscales were found from the principal component analysis of standardized residual correlation for items. Among the items, bowel management, bladder management, eating, and comprehension showed considerable levels of misfit. CONCLUSIONS: The Turkish translation of the WeeFIM instrument is valid, reliable, and practical for the Turkish child population. Further studies are required to determine the cross-cultural validity of the instrument.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2005

Assessing personality with a structured employment interview: construct-related validity and susceptibility to response inflation.

The authors evaluated the extent to which a personality-based structured interview was susceptible to response inflation. Interview questions were developed to measure facets of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. Interviewers administered mock interviews to participants instructed to respond honestly or like a job applicant. Interviewees completed scales of the same 3 facets from the NEO Personality Inventory, under the same honest and applicant-like instructions. Interviewers also evaluated interviewee personality with the NEO. Multitrait-multimethod analysis and confirmatory factor analysis provided some evidence for the construct-related validity of the personality interviews. As for response inflation, analyses revealed that the scores from the applicant-like condition were significantly more elevated (relative to honest condition scores) for self-report personality ratings than for interviewer personality ratings. In addition, instructions to respond like an applicant appeared to have a detrimental effect on the structure of the self-report and interview ratings, but not interviewer NEO ratings.

Adult↗