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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Practical evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests for mycobacteriosis and virus infection].

Because cultures of mycobacteria and viruses take a great number of days, the results are delayed in these clinical laboratory tests. For this reason, rapid diagnostic tests without these cultures are required. Among the laboratory tests of mycobacteria, acid-fast stain as a rapid diagnostic test is the first to give significant information to laboratory staffs and physicians. There are mainly two procedures, directly smearing clinical specimens and smearing concentrated specimens treated with NALC-NaOH on slide glass. The former is performed for specimens from emergency patients. When a patient is suspected of tuberculosis, a DNA-amplification test such as COBAS AMPLICOR TEST (PCR test) is performed for directly detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens, regardless of whether the specimens show positive or negative by acid-fast stain. Sixty-one of 1,023 specimens tested in Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital in February 2000-May 2002 were found positive by both PCR and culture tests. Fourteen were found negative by PCR test and positive by culture test. Five were found positive by PCR test and negative by culture test. Alternatively, MTB-64 (Capilia TB) is a kit for rapidly identifying M. tuberculosis using colonies. The time necessary for completion of the test was approximately 15 minutes per sample. In our study, the identification test showed weak-positive for 2 strains of M. marinum (ATCC927 and one clinical isolate), compared with positive for 28 clinical isolates and strain H37Ra of M. tuberculosis. Recently, rapid diagnostic kits for detecting various pathogenic viruses have been developed. The kits for detecting influenza virus are in especially great demand with the spread of newly-developed antiviral agents. There was an epidemic of the type A virus in the winters 2001-2002. 101 (32%) of 316 clinical specimens tested in the hospital were found positive with InfluA. B-Quick [SEIKEN] (Denka) or Directigen Flu A (Becton Dickinson). These kits showed high utility. Also, Abbot TESTPACK RSV (Dainabot) for detecting RS virus and ROTALEX DRY (Orion Diagnostica) for detecting rotavirus showed high utility. However, these rapid diagnostic kits have weak points: high costs, false positives and false negatives. Thus, more improvements are required.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed2003

[Use of nested PCR in detection of the plague pathogen].

Causative agents of plague, i.e. bacterium Yersina pestis (in the subcutaneous tissues of rodents) and their cutaneous parasites need to be isolated to enable plague prevention. A comparatively new method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) opens up new possibilities of determining Y. pestis just within several hours and without any cultivation. The article contains a description of the PCR-method, which makes it possible to distinguish the culture of Y. pestis from cultures of other microorganism, including speci of Yersina. The method is of the cluster-type, i.e. it is made up of subsequent PC reactions with the substrate for the second reaction being the product of the first one. The cluster nature of the method preconditions a higher sensitivity and specificity versus the ordinary PCR.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Reverse line blotting: a new technique for the sensitive detection of tick borne pathogens.

Recently, a new molecular diagnostic technique for tick borne pathogens has been developed and is called Reverse Line Blotting. This paper outlines the basis of this method and then illustrates its use for the analysis of blood samples obtained from Ugandan cattle and buffalo. The sensitivity and the specificity are discussed in relation to the use of this technique in the Maghreb

Animals↗
PubMed1989

DNA probe detection of key periodontal pathogens in juveniles.

Recognition of juvenile forms of periodontitis have been shown to be directly linked with specific Gram-negative rods, primarily Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius. However, clinical application of these laboratory findings have generally been restricted to the research environment. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of these three pathogenic species in children using the reliable and accurate new technology of DNA probes. Results indicated that the pathogenic oral flora did not differ significantly between subjects with and without gingival inflammation. Therefore, tracking of pathogens using clinical parameters of inflammation are unreliable and accurate monitoring requires microbiological testing in order to properly identify the presence or absence of pathogens.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1994

Digoxigenin-labelled molecular probe for the simultaneous detection of three potato pathogens: potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), potato virus Y (PVY), and potato leafroll virus (PLRV).

A molecular probe, p3POT, was constructed of PSTVd, PVY, PLRV cDNA fragments introduced into pUC18 vector. Sequencing of the inserts revealed that cloned fragments covered conservative parts of pathogenic genomes. Dot-blot hybridization of digoxigenin-labelled construct to crude extracts from plants infected with different potato viruses proved high sensitivity and specificity of the p3POT probe. This makes p3POT probe an useful tool for the routine testing, and selection of virus-free potatoes.

DNA Probes↗