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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Orbital invasion with prolactinoma: a clinical review of four patients.

PURPOSE: To present four patients with invasive prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas extending in the orbit. METHODS: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. RESULTS: In all cases, the tumor was a large, invasive prolactin-secreting adenoma. In three cases, significant permanent vision loss occurred and severe disfigurement resulted; two of these patients died of tumor-related complications. In one case, the tumor responded well to medical treatment, and the orbital symptoms improved significantly. CONCLUSION: Although it is rare for a pituitary adenoma to invade the orbit, devastating consequences to the integrity of the globe and ocular adnexa may result. Therefore, early recognition and proper treatment of orbital pituitary tumors are of utmost importance to minimize ocular and orbital damage.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Modeling variability and uncertainty associated with inhaled weapons-grade PuO2.

The work presented relates to developing a stochastic version of the ICRP 66 respiratory tract deposition model and applying the stochastic model to characterize the variability/uncertainty associated with inhaled PuO2 for a hypothetical population of nuclear workers engaged in light work-related exercise. The parameter uncertainty/variability distributions used are essentially the same as the FORTRAN-based stochastic deposition model of Bolch et al. known as LUDUC (LUng Dose Uncertainty Code). Based on Crystal Ball software, this stochastic deposition model includes particle polydispersity, which Bolch et al. did not discuss. This paper first compares model-simulated regional deposition probability distributions to deterministic results based on LUDEP (LUng Dose Evaluation Program) software, which implements the ICRP 66 deterministic deposition model. For these comparisons, a particle density of 3 g cm(-3) (for hypothetical radioactive particles) was used. The range of possible depositions generated by LUDUC and the Crystal Ball program results revealed LUDEP's limitations. Even though LUDEP tends to use parameters that represent average parameter values for adult males, it overestimates deposition in the lower regions of the lung for most of the population. The Crystal Ball program was then used to generate radioactivity intake distributions for single and multiple PuO2 particle intakes by a hypothetical population of nuclear workers for the stochastic intake (STI) paradigm. These distributions of radioactivity intake are evaluated for the five primary regions of the respiratory tract as defined in the ICRP Publication 66. The results reveal that when a particle has been deposited, the radioactivity is likely to be low if it is in the lower regions (< 10 Bq for the bb and AI regions), but it may be quite large in the upper regions (as much as 600 Bq for the ET1, and ET2 regions), and the distributions for radioactivity become less and less skewed to the right, as particles penetrate deeper within the respiratory tract.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1994

Return to work/work retention outcomes of a functional restoration program. A multi-center, prospective study with a comparison group.

STUDY DESIGN: This was a study of a standardized functional restoration program that included 11 centers in seven states, involving 303 patients in the treatment group and 94 patients in the comparison group. OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the positive effect a functional restoration program has on return to work rates and work retention regardless of previous surgical intervention. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Data were obtained from the initial and discharge evaluations as well as at 6- and 12-month follow-up. METHODS: Patients received a standardized work capacity assessment upon entrance and were recommended to the program if they adhered to specific entrance criteria. Treatment patients received the same evaluation at discharge. RESULTS: Significant improvement in functional abilities, actual return to work, and work retention were noted in the treatment group regardless of treatment intervention. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated improved return to work rates and work retention with surgical and nonsurgical patients after their participation in a functional restoration program.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Low recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: better patient selection or lower immunosuppression?

BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is currently offered to a limited number of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because of strict criteria introduced in the past to avoid recurrence. Immunosuppression represents a risk factor for tumor growth; the schedules of the immunosuppressant drugs have been modified through the years, aiming to reduce their dosage to the effective minimum. METHODS: A series of 106 consecutive patients with HCC who underwent transplantation over a 15-year period at a single institution was retrospectively reviewed to ascertain whether tumor recurrence was influenced by the Milano criteria presently adopted in patient selection and whether the dosage of immunosuppressant agents administered was associated with tumor recurrence. Fifteen patients who died postoperatively and 9 with a follow-up of less than 1 year were excluded; presence of the Milano criteria, tumor-node-metastasis staging, and the cumulative dosage of the single immunosuppressants given at different intervals in the first postoperative year were analyzed in the remaining 82 patients. The influence of these variables on overall and recurrence-free survival was assessed statistically. RESULTS: The Milano criteria did not influence recurrence-free survival, which was instead associated with the cumulative dosage of cyclosporine administered in the first postoperative year (93% 5-year recurrence-free survival for patients given low dosage vs. 76% for those given high dosage; P=0.01); T3 and T4 tumors did worse than T1 and T2 tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Current limits to transplantation for HCC might be reassessed in view of modified patient management; immunosuppression should be minimized in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The growth chart--a road to health chart? Maternal comprehension of the growth chart in two Somali villages.

Growth monitoring is so far not implemented on a large scale in the Somali health services. Available reports indicate that growth faltering is common. However, the use of growth charts as a tool for health education has been questioned. This study examines the ability of 199, predominantly illiterate, rural Somali mothers to understand the growth chart message after an intensive period of growth chart use and education. During a home-based interview the mothers were asked to combine a set of four growth curves with a set of four pictures, showing the corresponding developments of four children. The mothers managed significantly better to interpret the charts than could be expected by chance alone. Maternal age, number of children and literacy did not differ much between those who correctly and incorrectly combined pictures and charts. Almost all mothers recognised the value of the growth chart as being good for the control and promotion of their children's health and/or growth. We conclude that the growth chart may be an applicable and appropriate tool even with illiterate mothers, provided that other prerequisites for successful growth monitoring, e.g. appropriate health services, are available.

Child Development↗
PubMed1989

The status of guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) in the epidemiology of infectious bursal disease (IBD) of poultry in Nigeria.

A serological survey for IBD in market guinea fowls gave a total prevalence rate of 44.3% from five different locations in Nigeria. Guinea fowl keets were susceptible to experimental IBD infection and transmitted it to in-contact sentinel chickens. The infected guinea fowl keets showed the typical clinical-pathology and seroconversion for IBD. These results suggest that guinea fowls could play an active part in the epidemiology of IBD.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of three different regimens of infectious bursal disease vaccination in chickens.

Five days old progeny chicks from breeders which have received primary and booster doses of live infectious bursal disease vaccine, demonstrated precipitating antibodies unlike progenies from single dose vaccinated breeders. All chicks from the two different groups of breeders were however seronegative at 22 days of age, despite vaccination at 7 or 14 days of age. Post vaccination seroconversion was first noticeable at 32 days in the group of chicks vaccinated at 7 days. Post challenge mortalities was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) and organ lesions very significantly minimized (P less than 0.01) in 7 day old vaccinated group than in 14 or 28 days old vaccinated chicks. These results showed that early (7 days) IBD Vaccination was superior to vaccination at 14 or 28 days, in terms of antibody response and protectivity against mortalities and bursal lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Tumorigenicity of mouse-human diploid hybrids in nude mice.

Somatic cell hybrids between normal mouse cells and simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed human cells, which contained a diploid complement of mouse chromosomes and the human chromosome 7 carrying the genome of SV40, were tumorigenic in nude mice. One single copy of human chromosome 7 per hybrid cell appeared to be sufficient for the tumorigenicity of the hybrids.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines secrete the major plasma proteins and hepatitis B surface antigen.

Analysis of the cell culture fluid from two new human hepatoma-derived cell lines reveals that 17 of the major human plasma proteins are synthesized and secreted by these cells. One of these cell lines, Hep 3B, also produces the two major polypeptides of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen. When Hep 3B in injected into athymic mice, metastatic hepatocellular carcinomas appear. These cell lines provide experimental models for investigation of plasma protein biosynthesis and the relation of the hepatitis B viru genome to tumorigenicity.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1982

Biosynthesis and processing of a human precursor complement protein, pro-C3, in a hepatoma-derived cell line.

A 180,000-dalton single-chain molecule (human pro-C3) is the precursor of the third component of human complement (C3), a disulfide-linked two-chain protein. The pro-C3 is converted by limited proteolysis to C3. The relationship between pro-C3 and C3 was established with the use of Hep G2, a cell line derived from a human hepatocellular carcinoma, which synthesizes at least 17 plasma proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Transferable drug resistance among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from cases of neonatal diarrhea in calves and piglets.

Fecal specimens were collected on 22 different Nebraska ranches and at the Department of Veterinary Science from young calves and pigs with neonatal diarrhea. Enterobacteriaceae isolated from these fecal specimens were screened for resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfamethizole, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, colistin, nitrofurantoin, and nalidixic acid. Of the 92 strains studied, 57 were resistant to one or more of these antimicrobial agents. Resistant strains were obtained from all herds involved in the study. The two most common resistance patterns were tetracycline streptomycin sulfamethizole (22 of 57) and tetracycline (13 of 57). None of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, colistin, nitrofurantoin, or nalidixic acid. The 57 resistant strains were studied to determine whether the resistance was transferable. Forty-three of the 57 resistant strains could transfer part or all of their resistance pattern to a drug-sensitive recipient. The 43 R(+) strains were obtained from 17 of the 23 herds studied. Considerable variation was observed between different R(+) strains in the frequency of transfer of resistance to a particular drug. In addition, variation in the frequency of transfer of different resistance determinants in individual R(+) strains was noted.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Integration pattern of hepatitis B virus DNA sequences in human hepatoma cell lines.

Four human hepatoma cell lines established from primary hepatocellular carcinomas were examined for the presence of hepatitis B virus DNA sequences. Reassociation kinetic analysis indicated that the cell lines HEp-3B 217, HEp-3B 14, HEp-3B F1, and PLC/PRF/5 contained two, one, one, and four genome equivalents per cell, respectively. Southern blot hybridization analysis demonstrated that hepatitis B virus DNA was integrated into the cellular DNAs of these cell lines. Further liquid hybridization studies with 32P-labeled HincII restriction fragments of hepatitis B virus DNA established that DNA sequences from all regions of the HBV genome were represented in the integrated viral sequences. Although the three HEp-3B cell lines were derived from the same tumor, they differed significantly in their patterns of integration of hepatitis B virus DNA, the number of copies of viral DNA per cell, and their ability to produce the virus-coded surface antigen.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed2002

Single-use acupuncture needles: scanning electron-microscopy of needle-tips.

Unselected, disposable acupuncture needles from various manufacturers and retail suppliers were taken from a pool of donated and bought samples. Three needles of each type were prepared for electron-microscopy. The needle tips were inspected at two magnifications (x39.37 and x612.5): 52 electron-micrographs were taken of 31 individual needles from 11 different types. No needle-tip looked perfect and significant faults were seen in most; some appeared seriously deformed. The faults noted were: scratch marks along or across the needle, metallic scuff, lumps and irregularities in the needle surface, needle-tip stubbed or malformed, and needle point off-centre. An additional test made was to wipe a number of needles firmly on white paper tissue. Some left grey lines, and these were regarded as evidence of metallic or oily residue from the needle surface which could have been deposited in the patient. These unexpected findings, in a variety of popularly used needles from well-respected suppliers, suggest that most manufacturers need to reassess their quality control procedures.

Acupuncture Analgesia↗
PubMed2026

Impact of PerioperAtive LidocAine Infusions on Enhanced Recovery After Noncardiac Surgery (IMPALA-ERAS) in an inpatient setting: rationale, design and protocol for a sequential, repeated crossover trial.

INTRODUCTION: Multimodal analgesic strategies designed to minimise perioperative opioid exposure are fundamental components of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways. Despite widespread implementation of ERAS protocols, the optimal analgesic regimen remains undefined, as the individual contributions of specific agents to overall analgesic efficacy and opioid-sparing effects are not fully elucidated. Intravenous lidocaine, a widely utilised local anaesthetic, possesses both analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and has been associated with improved gastrointestinal recovery. This study seeks to pragmatically evaluate the impact of incorporating perioperative intravenous lidocaine infusion into established ERAS pathways on postoperative functional recovery. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The Impact of PerioperAtive LidocAine Infusions (IMPALA) on ERAS trial is a single-centre, pragmatic, cluster-randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. A total of 2290 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery, emergency general surgery, urology, ventral hernia repair, surgical oncology or spine surgery will be randomly assigned to receive either intraoperative and postoperative intravenous lidocaine infusions (administered for up to 48 hours) or placebo as part of a standardised multimodal analgesic regimen integrated into established ERAS pathways. The primary outcome is case mix index-adjusted resource length of stay, defined as the time interval from surgical initiation to hospital discharge adjusted for case mix index. The primary outcome is total inpatient opioid consumption within the first 72 hours, reported in oral morphine milligram equivalents. Secondary outcomes include various in-hospital clinical endpoints derived from the electronic health record. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol and accompanying statistical analysis plan outline the study design, primary and secondary endpoints and analytic methodology. The IMPALA-ERAS trial has received ethical approval from the Vanderbilt University Institutional Review Board (IRB: 250617). The findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national conferences. Results from this trial are expected to inform evidence-based practices regarding perioperative lidocaine infusion and its potential contributions to enhanced postoperative recovery in surgical patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT07224711.

Humans↗