PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Biological Science Disciplines”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Putting the International Space Station to work.

The International Space Station (ISS) is the largest international cooperative science and technology project ever undertaken. Involving the United States, Russia, Japan, Canada and 10 ESA Member States, it is now rapidly becoming a reality in orbit, offering unprecedented access for research and applications under space conditions. Europe has invested heavily in this endeavour and plans to exploit that investment by a vigorous utilisation of the ISS for life and physical sciences research and applications, space science, Earth observation, space technology development, the promotion of commercial access to space, and the use of space for educational purposes. In recent years, ESA has engaged in an intensive promotional effort to encourage potential user communities to exploit the novel opportunities that the ISS offers. It has also made significant financial commitments to develop both multi-user facilities for life and physical sciences studies in the Columbus Laboratory, and observational and technology exposure instruments using the external Columbus mounting locations, as well as giving financial support to promote commercial and educational activities. ESA has now elaborated a European Strategy for the efficient utilisation of the ISS by European scientists and other users, which is being coordinated with the Agency's Member States contributing to the ISS Programme, and with the European Science Foundation (ESF). In cooperation with the European Commission, ESA is also fostering synergy with the European Commission's Framework Programmes in terms of shared R&D objectives. This article describes the plan that has been evolved to integrate all of these various elements.

Astronomical Phenomena↗
PubMed2003

Life sciences.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nanotubes and fullerenes: an overview of the possible environmental and biological impact of bio-nanotechnologies].

BACKGROUND: Nanotechnology operates in a dimension that is invisible not only to the human eye but also to most highly sensitive instruments; this technology has made it possible to manufacture materials that have not existed in our environment before. In the medical sphere, many important applications in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases are foreseen. Up to now nanotechnology has evaded social, political and regulatory scrutiny concerning the safety of nano-particles in workplaces and in commercial products. OBJECTIVES: The present article reports the most important bio-medical applications of nanotechnology, followed by the results of research on the individual and environmental effects of nanomaterials and in particular of nanotubes, that are considered one of the most fascinating discoveries of the last millennium. METHODS: A report is given on the data presented at the 225th ACS National Meeting (March 23-27, 2003, New Orleans, LA), division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. RESULTS: Nanotubes and fullereness are recently discovered different forms of carbon-based materials which are widely applied in various technical fields. One of the main concerns regarding these structures is that they resemble asbestos fibers. CONCLUSIONS: Although preliminary studies suggest that these materials are not associated with any health risk, many researchers highlight the need to assess possible risks of such structures before they become ubiquitous in every aspect of life.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed1995

ESA's participation in the International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-2) mission.

The second International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-2) mission was a truly international event, paving the way for cooperation in the scientific utilisation of the forthcoming International Space Station. ESA provided several major facilities for conducting research in microgravity, as did France and Germany. The facilities were used jointly with scientists from the US; in exchange, NASA provided the mission itself. Several experiments measured and characterised the microgravity environment and the astronauts' response to spaceflight conditions. Others were in the fields of biology, biotechnology, fluid dynamics, crystal growth and alloy solidification, and near-critical-point investigations. Another important objective of the mission was to demonstrate remote payload operations or telescience. Using that method, principal investigators monitored and controlled their flight experiments from various user centres and laboratories across Europe. This approach is proving to be a very efficient and cost-effective way to conduct and optimise scientific research, and it will become increasingly important as long-duration access to space becomes available.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed1995

Microgravity research during aircraft parabolic flights: the 20 ESA campaigns.

Aircraft parabolic flights provide repeated periods of up to 20 seconds of reduced gravity during ballistic flight manoeuvres, preceded and followed by 20 seconds of 1.8 g. Such flights are used to conduct short microgravity investigations in physical and life sciences, to test instrumentation and to train astronauts before a spaceflight. Since 1984, ESA's Microgravity Projects Division has organised 20 parabolic flight campaigns using three different types of aircraft. More than 1700 parabolas have been flown, representing nine and half hours of microgravity in slices of 20 seconds, or equivalently, six low Earth orbits. A total of 235 experiments have been performed using this unique microgravity tool.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2001

The third ESA Student Parabolic-Flight Campaign.

Today's students will become tomorrow's workforce and hence they should be involved in the global space programme as early as possible so that they will be motivated to follow space careers and create a space-educated next generation for working within the space domain. Getting students involved in today's space programmes is important not only for the space industry in terms of providing a talented workforce for the future, but also for the general public who will be the future voters and potential political supporters of future European space activities. With this in mind, ESA's Office for Education and Outreach organises and runs many space-related activities for young people in order to stimulate their interest in space in particular and in science in general. One of these activities is the 'Student Parabolic-Flight Campaign'.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Coordinated, network-based research as a strategic component of science in Brazil.

Scientific research plays a fundamental role in the health and development of any society, since all technological advances depend ultimately on scientific discovery and the generation of wealth is intricately dependent on technological advance. Due to their importance, science and technology generally occupy important places in the hierarchical structure of developed societies, and they receive considerable public and private investment. Publicly funded science is almost entirely devoted to discovery, and it is administered and structured in a very similar way throughout the world. Particularly in the biological sciences, this structure, which is very much centered on the individual scientist and his own hypothesis-based investigations, may not be the best suited for either discovery in the context of complex biological systems, or for the efficient advancement of fundamental knowledge into practical utility. The adoption of other organizational paradigms, which permit a more coordinated and interactive research structure, may provide important opportunities to accelerate the scientific process and further enhance its relevance and contribution to society. The key alternative is a structure that incorporates larger organizational units to tackle larger and more complex problems. One example of such a unit is the research network. Brazil has utilized such networks to great effect in genome sequencing projects, demonstrating their relevance to the Brazilian research community and opening the possibility of their wider utility in the future.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed2004

[Scientific communication at the beginning of the 21st century--Hungarian survey and international outlook in medicine and the life sciences].

INTRODUCTION: Rapid developments take place in communication technology. It is a hard task to keep pace with them, but unavoidable. The scene of electronic communication and publication, the Internet has originally been constructed for scientific communication and publication of scientists. Nowadays, the electronic communication has spread all over the world. Though the share of sciences has been diminished, the progress in the scientific electronic communication has not been broken. AIM: The authors delineate the present situation in electronic communication in general and in Hungary. METHODS: The authors asked by questionnaire survey the medical scientists and professionals about their knowledge and usage of modern publication possibilities. For comparison's sake, the authors referred to some foreign surveys as well. RESULTS: In Hungary, the communication possibilities on the Internet--and the electronically accessible publications--are at the readers' disposal at the universities and academic institutions. The opinions about the popularity and effects of electronic publication are generally positive. Concerns were expressed in connection with the possible weaker professional control in case of certain types of publication. In the opinion of the majority of questioned people the electronic form of publication will never replace the traditional one completely, it will be, however, dominant.

Biological Science Disciplines↗