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PubMed1992

Clostridium perfringens septicemia during the course of leukemia.

Clostridium perfringens (CP) is an infrequent cause of septicemia in neutropenic patients. We report the case of a 17 year old man treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in whom a strain of CP was isolated from blood cultures. The clinical spectrum and evolution of CP septicemia in neutropenic patients are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The natural course of Clostridium perfringens--induced pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis.

Primary pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is an uncommon, usually benign condition whose natural course is poorly understood and which can sometimes produce significant changes in a patient's cecum and sigmoid colon. In this study, PCI was produced by monocontaminating the peritoneal cavities of adult germfree rats with Clostridium perfringens. These animals were then observed for up to 26 weeks. PCI took up to two weeks to develop, lasted at least ten weeks in most animals, and presumably disappeared from 42% of 26 animals killed during the final 16 weeks. PCI was usually benign, but in some animals produced extensive and persistent subserosal and submucosal air cysts of the cecum and sigmoid colon without evidence of intra-abdominal sepsis. These profound segmental colonic lesions suggest a possible etiology for other segmental inflammatory bowel diseases.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toxin production by Clostridium perfringens isolated from broiler chickens and capercaillies (Tetrao urogallus) with and without necrotizing enteritis.

A total of 192 isolates of Clostridium perfringens were isolated from 99 broiler chickens and 93 capercaillies (Tetrao urogallus). Fifty of the isolates from broilers and 44 of the isolates from capercaillies were from birds with necrotizing enteritis, and the remainder were from birds without this disease. The isolates were tested for the production of three major toxins (alpha, beta, and epsilon) and four minor toxins (theta, gelatinase, mu, and nu). All isolates were found to be C. perfringens type A. Alpha toxin was produced in significantly larger amounts by isolates from birds with necrotizing enteritis than by isolates from birds without the disease, regardless of bird species. Isolates from broilers produced significantly more alpha toxin than did isolates from capercaillies.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Factors affecting the incidence of necrotic enteritis, caecal carriage of Clostridium perfringens and bird performance in broiler chicks.

Two trials were conducted to study the effects of a competitive exclusion (CE) product BROILACT and the anticoccidial narasin on the incidence of necrotic enteritis (NE), the numbers of Clostridium perfringens (CP) in the caeca of broiler chicks and the performance of the birds. In trial 1 the effects of type of protein and partial replacement of a narasin containing diet with whole wheat were also studied. All groups of chicks were studied up to the point of slaughter at 43 days of age and after evisceration in a processing plant to determine slaughter yield. In trial 1, statistically significant results included the following: CE-treatment reduced total mortality, and incidence of NE, on diet containing animal but not vegetable protein. Caecal carriage of CP was also reduced, while slaughter yield increased. Narasin reduced caecal carriage of CP and increased both growth rate and slaughter yield in both trials. Whole wheat replacement improved feed conversion but reduced bird growth rate. In trial 2, both CE-treatment and narasin influenced feed intake, CE-treatment significantly only at days 22 and 44. Narasin improved feed conversion until 5 weeks of age and CE-treatment did so until 22 days of age. In both trials, there was also an interaction effect indicating that CE-treatment increased slaughter yield for birds that were not fed narasin.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2004

[Anaerobic non-clostridial infection in acute appendicitis].

Etiological factors promoting anaerobic non-clostridial infection (ANI) after appendectomy are analyzed for the last 10 years (1993-2002). Acute appendicitis was the indication for appendectomies in 2846 patients. In 55 (1.9%) patients ANI was detected 2-7 days after surgery. Later than 24 hours since beginning of the disease 40 (72.7%) patients were hospitalized. Diagnosis of ANI was based on typical clinical symptoms confirmed with bacteriological and morphological examinations. Treatment of ANI was complex: early radical surgery, massive antibiotic therapy, hyperbaric oxygenation, intensive care. 10-14 days after the last necrectomy (wound area from 139 to 1812 cm(2)) repair dermal-plastic surgeries were performed in 48 (87.3%) patients with good functional and cosmetic results. Two (3.6%) patients with ANI died. Of six patients with general forms of ANI admitted from other hospitals 3 patients died. Sepsis was the main cause of death. Late surgeries in general forms of ANI lead to worse results.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Emphysematous gastritis secondary to gastric infarction.

We report a 72-yr-old female hospitalized for an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage who developed emphysematous gastritis and gas in the portal vein. Endoscopy of the stomach revealed severe circumferential erythema, erosions, exudates, and friability of irregularly thickened proximal gastric folds. The patient became septic on the third day of hospitalization and deteriorated rapidly. Computerized tomographic scan of the abdomen revealed extensive collections of gas within the gastric wall and in the intrahepatic portal veins. Autopsy revealed severe atherosclerotic disease and a stenosis with thrombus at the origin of the celiac artery. Clostridium welchii was isolated in blood cultures prior to the patient's death. Postmortem review of endoscopic biopsies of the stomach revealed changes of incipient gastric infarction.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Deoxyribonuclease activity detection in Clostridium chauvoei strains].

Beta toxin of C. chauvoei has desoxiribonuclease (DNase) activity which is regarded as one of its virulence factors. The production of DNase was detected in strains isolated from bovines, using as controls C. chauvoei ATCC 10092, and C. perfringens Type A and C. septicum, both laboratory isolates. The enzyme activity was made evident on a DNA substrate observing the macroscopic degradation. A simple methodology was developed using a commercial medium for DNase test, with the incorporation of sterile horse serum. Each strain was streaked on the surface of the medium, incubated in anaerobic atmosphere at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. The plates were revealed with HCI 1 N. The appearance of a clear and transparent zone around and under the microbial growing was considered a positive reaction. Enzyme activity was detected in 10 of 12 strains and also in the controls. The serum addition to the commercial basal medium allows the optimum development of the microorganism showing the enzymatic digestion zone.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Investigation of a syndrome of sudden death, splenomegaly, and small intestinal hemorrhage in farmed deer.

A newly recognized syndrome, characterized by sudden death of farmed deer that are in good to excellent nutritional condition, with lesions of small intestinal mucosal hemorrhage and splenomegaly, is described. Other frequently observed lesions were small intestinal mucosal necrosis, abomasal hemorrhage, random hepatic necrosis, and multifocal hepatic congestion. Clostridium perfringens type A was isolated in high numbers from the intestines of many of the deer affected by the syndrome; however, the numbers were not significantly different from those of control deer. The syndrome did not appear to be related to dietary or any other specific management factors and a definitive cause of the syndrome was not identified.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in dairy and beef cattle: 11 cases (2001 to 2003).

The medical records of 11 cattle with jejunal hemorrhage syndrome were reviewed. Female and male, lactating and pregnant, dairy and beef cattle were affected. Decreased feed intake and milk production, reduced amounts of dark feces, and abdominal discomfort were common historical findings. Common clinical findings included depressed demeanor, a "ping" and fluid-splashing sounds over the right abdomen, melena, and distended loops of intestine on rectal palpation. Surgery was done on 7 cases, 10 cases were euthanized, and 1 died. Clostridium perfringens type A was isolated from the intestinal contents from 7 of 7 cases. At necropsy, the characteristic finding was a varying length of a dark purple-red distended jejunum with an intraluminal blood clot. Histologically, there was segmental necrosis, ulceration, and mucosal and transmural hemorrhage of the jejunum. This is a sporadic disease of adult cattle characterized by mechanical obstruction of the small intestines by a large blood clot with a case fatality of almost 100%.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Determination of the effect of single abomasal or jejunal inoculation of Clostridium perfringens type A in dairy cows.

A randomized study was conducted to determine if inoculation of the abomasum or jejunum with Clostridium perfringens Type A would induce jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in healthy cows. Twelve adult nonlactating dairy cows were inoculated with 10 mL of pure culture broth of C. perfringens type A (beta2 toxin positive) into the abomasum (n = 6) or jejunum (n = 6). On day 6, the cows were euthanized and samples for culture were taken from the abomasum, jejunum, and feces. No cows developed clinical signs of jejunal hemorrhage syndrome during the course of the study. Five of 6 abomasal samples and 1 of 6 jejunal samples were positive for C. perfringens Type A (beta2 negative) prior to inoculation. Eight of 12 abomasal samples, 11 of 12 fecal samples, and 10 of 12 jejunal samples were positive for C. perfringens Type A (beta2 negative) after inoculation. Intraluminal inoculation of C. perfringens Type A alone at this dose and under these conditions did not induce clinical signs of jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in adult dairy cows. The multifactorial nature of the disease likely contributed to our inability to reproduce the disease in this study.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1975

Colon carcinogenesis with azoxymethane and dimethylhydrazine in germ-free rats.

The effect of intestinal microflora on the sensitivity of the colon to the carcinogenic effect of azoxymethane and a large dose of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine was studied using germ-free and conventional female Fischer rats. Injection s. c. of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced tumors of the ear duct, kidney, and small intestine of conventional rats but none in germ-free animals. Only 20% germ-free rats showed 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic tumors, whereas 93% of conventional rats developed multiple colonic tumors. Intrarectal instillation of azoxymethane appreciably increased the multiplicity of colonic tumors in germ-free rats and in gnotobiotic rats contaminated with Clostridium perfringens, as compared to conventional controls. None of the germ-free rats showed ear duct tumors. The incidence of kidney tumors was lower in germ-free rats than in other groups. It is concluded than the intestinal microbial populations alter the effect of carcinogens in the large intestine.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[Bacteremia caused by Clostridium perfringens as a complication of ureterosigmoidostomy].

A 63 year old male underwent cystectomy and ureterosigmoidostomy after diffuse carcinoma "in situ" of the bladder was discovered, and thereafter, various episodes of pyelonephritis and metabolic imbalance, in one of them, a left pneumo-ureter and a positive blood culture for Clostridium Perfringens and enterococci was detected. Empiric therapy with Aztreonam was started, and changed after to high-dose intravenous amoxicillin. Two months later the ureterosigmoidostomy was converted to an ileal conduit. The patient has remained asymptomatic on subsequent controls.

Bacteremia↗