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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Bilateral brachial paralysis from watershed infarction after coronary artery bypass. A report of two cases and review of the predisposing anatomic and physiological mechanisms.

Bilateral brachial paralysis and bilateral visual field defects developed after coronary artery bypass in two patients. These deficits, caused by cerebral watershed infarctions, probably resulted from global cerebral hypoperfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass, although bypass had been maintained with high perfusion flows (2.0 to 3.0 L/min/m2) and perfusion pressures from 50 to 90 mm Hg. No systemic hypoperfusion or hypotension occurred before or after cardiopulmonary bypass. Cerebral watershed infarctions occur predominantly in the boundary zones between the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. In previous reports, watershed infarctions most often occurred as preterminal events in patients after sustained episodes of obvious hypoperfusion. The occurrence of such major neurological deficits in two patients without systemic hypoperfusion suggests that traditionally accepted flows and perfusion pressures do not assure adequate cerebral blood flow during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1984

Predicting recovery after acute stroke.

Patients, relatives, and doctors need to know the prognosis after acute stroke. In recent years, more scientific methods of predicting the level of recovery have become available.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Neuroimaging in neuro-ophthalmology.

The neuroradiologist and the clinician are partners in the search for pathology; the clinician must help the radiologist tailor the study by indicating where pathology is likely to be. The orbit, the sellar and parasellar regions, and new imaging modalities and interventional techniques are discussed in this light.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Visual disturbances and occipital brain infarct following acute, transient hypotension in hypertensive patients.

In four hypertensive patients, acute lowering of blood pressure by therapeutic or diagnostic procedures caused visual disturbances ranging from transient visual hallucinations to severe, long-lasting visual impairment. These symptoms were associated with occipital lobe cerebral infarcts that tended to occur in the border zones between the major cerebral arteries. The infarcts may be seen as the combined result of a "watershed" effect during acute hypotension and the presence of structural hypertensive vascular adaptation. When a hypertensive patient complains of visual disturbances during acute blood pressure lowering, the pressure should be allowed to settle at a level somewhat above normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Visual disturbance due to internal carotid aneurysm.

This report deals with four cases of internal carotid aneurysms including three cases of supraclinoid internal carotid aneurysms and one case of infraclinoid internal carotid aneurysms. Clinical ocular findings resembling parasellar tumors or retrobulbar optic neuritis are noted. Therefore, the importance of careful study concerning optic nerve diseases is emphasized, employing a CT scan and carotid angiography, if necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Blow-out fractures.

Twenty-one cases of blow-out fractures were treated at Osaka University Hospital between June 1979 and February 1982. 52% of the patients were teenagers. The most important cause of a blow-out fracture was a fist-fight (48%). Most of the patients had diplopia caused by the disturbance of the eyeball movement, mainly in the upward or downward rotations. 19 of 21 patients were surgically treated. The prognosis was much more related to the severity of the fracture than the period between the injury and the surgical treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Olfactory meningiomas. The missed diagnosis.

Olfactory meningiomas are benign, slow-growing intracranial tumors arising from the dura along the cribriform plate. The first clinical symptom is anosmia followed, usually after several years, by dementia and visual deterioration. A series of 36 patients are presented; in all cases but one, their conditions were diagnosed late and not until the tumor had reached a very large size. By the time the proper diagnosis was made and the tumors were surgically removed, mental or visual disability was often irreversible. Conditions of patients initially seen with anosmia should be investigated by presently available noninvasive diagnostic methods including computed tomographic scanning.

Dementia↗
PubMed1984

Empty sella syndrome.

Awareness of the entities of primary and secondary empty sella syndrome and the use of current CT scanning techniques should allow one to differentiate between these conditions and persistent or recurrent pituitary adenoma. This distinction is important to make so unwarranted surgery or radiation therapy will not be advised.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

[Pituitary adenomata. Status of diagnosis and therapy (author's transl)].

The advances in pituitary surgery are based on the diagnosis of neuroendocrinological function and the microsurgical operative technique with the help of which pituitary adenomata are approached by the transsphenoidal route in approximately 90% of cases and transcranially in about 10%. On the one hand, hormone-active microadenomata can presently be detected in good time endocrinologically and 80-90% can be removed selectively while retaining the pituitary. On the other hand, it can be shown that the greater the tumor the more frequently hormone excesses persist after the operation. Tumors can be directly visualized in the cranial computer tomogram if they ar not smaller than 5-7 mm. Also, larger extrasellar remains of tumors left after operation can be demonstrated by computer tomography. Larger suprasellar adenomata produce a chiasma syndrome which improves in 80% of patients after transphenoidal operation. The slight operative risk is shown in a total of 737 operations for pituitary adenomata in the last 11 years.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

Neuroradiological examinations in chiasmal syndromes.

The chiasmal syndrome has distinct ophthalmological findings. However, the pathological processes in the chiasmal region often give rise to differential diagnostic problems. Computer tomography is the neuroradiological method of choice. Besides computer tomography some other neuroradiological examination techniques as skull X-rays, carotid arteriography and in some instances cisternography have retained their position in the diagnosis of space-occupying processes in the region of the chiasm, which will be illustrated.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Metastatic disease in the pituitary: clinical features.

Three cases of metastatic carcinoma to the pituitary gland presenting with local compression, causing field defects and nerve palsies are reported. The literature on secondary tumours in the pituitary is reviewed and the differentiation between benign and metastatic lesions is discussed. The importance of making the diagnosis preoperatively is emphasized.

Adenocarcinoma↗