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Results for “Content validation”

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PubMed2005

Adaptation of the rheumatoid arthritis quality of life scale for Estonia.

The aim of the study was to adapt the rheumatoid arthritis quality of life scale (RAQoL) for Estonia and assess its psychometric properties. The RAQoL was translated into Estonian using the dual panel method. The translation was assessed for face and content validity by means of interviews with 15 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Reproducibility and construct validity were estimated using a further sample of 50 patients. Unidimensionality of the final scale was assessed by Rasch analysis. No major problems occurred in translating the instrument, it was well accepted by interviewees. The Estonian RAQoL had good test-retest reliability, internal consistency and ability to discriminate between groups defined by patient-perceived severity. Predicted convergent and divergent validity was demonstrated. Unidimensionality of the instrument was confirmed by excellent fit to the Rasch model. The RAQoL is appropriate for use in clinical studies and trials involving RA patients.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMed2006

Developing a health-related quality of life instrument for childhood brain tumor survivors.

OBJECTS: With improved treatment, many childhood brain tumor survivors live through adulthood. A psychometrically sound instrument, which can capture their unique experiences through the lifetime, is needed. This paper documents the development of the Pediatric Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Childhood Brain Tumor Survivor (PedsFACT-BrS) for use with survivors for at least 1 year posttreatment. METHODS: The PedsFACT-BrS was developed in two phases. In phase I, items were generated via interviewing 20 survivors, 20 caregivers, and 12 clinicians/teachers. In phase II, Rasch analysis and classical test theory were used to evaluate the responses of 46 survivors and 46 caregivers. CONCLUSION: The 34-item PedsFACT-BrS covers four domains: physical well-being, emotional well-being and illness experiences, social well-being, and brain tumor-specific concerns. Its scalability is supported by Rasch analysis and its content validity and reliability is documented. It is now ready to be validated to other subpopulations across the disease trajectory.

Brain Neoplasms↗

PubMed2004

Oropharyngeal dysphagia: surveying practice patterns of the speech-language pathologist.

The present study was designed to obtain a comprehensive view of the dysphagia assessment practice patterns of speech-language pathologists and their opinion on the importance of these practices using survey methods and taking into consideration clinician, patient, and practice-setting variables. A self-administered mail questionnaire was developed following established methodology to maximize response rates. Eight dysphagia experts independently rated the new survey for content validity. Test-retest reliability was assessed with a random sample of 23 participants. The survey was sent to 50 speech-language pathologists randomly selected from the Canadian professional association database of members who practice in dysphagia. Surveys were mailed according to the Dillman Total Design Method and included an incentive offer. High survey (64%) and item response (95%) rates were achieved and clinicians were reliable reporters of their practice behaviors (ICC>0.60). Of all the clinical assessment items, 36% were reported with high (>80%) utilization and 24% with low (<20%) utilization, the former pertaining to tongue motion and vocal quality after food/fluid intake and the latter to testing of oral sensation without food. One-third (33%) of instrumental assessment items were highly utilized and included assessment of bolus movement and laryngeal response to bolus misdirection. Overall, clinician experience and teaching institutions influenced greater utilization. Opinions of importance were similar to utilization behaviors (r = 0.947, p = 0.01). Of all patients referred for dysphagia assessment, full clinical assessments were administered to 71% of patients but instrumental assessments to only 36%. A hierarchical model of practice behavior is proposed to explain this pattern of progressively decreasing item utilization.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2005

Psychometric testing of the Impact of Event Scale-Chinese Version (IES-C) in oral cancer patients in Taiwan.

GOALS OF WORK: No culturally relevant instrument exists to assess the impact of cancer on patients in Taiwan. Therefore, this two-phase study was undertaken to (1) develop a Chinese version of the Impact of Event Scale (IES), (2) examine its psychometric properties, and (3) use the IES-Chinese version (IES-C) to assess the impact of cancer in newly diagnosed oral cancer patients in Taiwan. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The psychometric properties of the 15-item IES-C were tested in 106 newly diagnosed oral cancer patients and analyzed by descriptive statistics, test-retest reliability, Pearson's correlation, and principal component analysis. MAIN RESULTS: The results showed that (1) the IES-C has satisfactory content validity and feasibility; (2) overall internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.91 with values of 0.91 and 0.81 for intrusion and avoidance, respectively; (3) overall test-retest reliability (3-day interval) was 0.97; (4) two clearly identified factors explained 55.97% of the variance; (5) satisfactory construct validity was supported by both factor analysis and theoretically supported correlation analysis (significant correlations between the total IES-C and its subscales as well as anxiety and depression); and (6) oral cancer patients had relatively higher IES-C scores than previously reported. CONCLUSION: These results support the IES-C as an instrument with satisfactory psychometric properties and ease of use in clinical settings. They also suggest that more attention should be paid to the impact on patients of a new diagnosis of oral cancer. Further testing of the IES-C in different cancer populations is suggested to validate its psychometric properties.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Instruments for measuring patient satisfaction with pharmacy services in the spanish language.

AIM OF THE REVIEW: The purpose of this paper is to identify and evaluate instruments used to assess patient satisfaction with pharmacy services available in the Spanish language, and specifically those designed to assess pharmaceutical care provided in community pharmacies. METHOD: A literature search was conducted in seven databases, using keywords: "patient satisfaction" and "Spanish" with and without the term "pharmacy". Publications that described the development or translation and/or adaptation of a questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction with pharmacy services in the Spanish language were retained. Publications were excluded if they were abstracts from conferences, reviews, letters or notes. The criteria used also excluded manuscripts where patient satisfaction was not assessed with a questionnaire. Instruments were evaluated according to evidence of the psychometric properties considered relevant: content validity, reliability and construct validity. RESULTS: While 83 publications describing instruments to measure patient satisfaction with health care services in the Spanish language were identified, only two pertained to satisfaction with pharmacy services. Both assessed patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care. One questionnaire, developed in Spanish only, includes four dimensions that comprehensively assessed pharmaceutical care practice; however, its reliability was only partially evaluated. The other questionnaire was developed in both Spanish and English. It was considered narrower in scope, assessing satisfaction with the pharmacist only. However, evidence was provided that the two versions of the questionnaire were reliable, valid and linguistically equivalent. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive, reliable, and valid instrument for assessing patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies in the Spanish language is not yet available. The two published questionnaires that we have identified are a beginning, further research and development is needed.

Community Pharmacy Services↗

PubMed2005

International development of the Parents' Index of Quality of Life in Atopic Dermatitis (PIQoL-AD).

OBJECTIVE: The international development of the Parents' Index of Quality of Life in Atopic Dermatitis (PIQoL-AD), a quality of life (QoL) instrument specific to parents of children with atopic dermatitis (AD) is described. METHOD: The instrument was developed simultaneously in several countries. Its content was derived from 65 qualitative interviews with parents in the UK, Netherlands and Italy. The measure was then produced for the UK, Netherlands, Italy, Germany, France, US and Spain. Field-test interviews were conducted with approximately 20 patients in each country to assess face and content validity. A two time-point survey was conducted with between 45 and 328 parents in each country to finalise the instrument through application of the Rasch model and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the final instrument. RESULTS: Application of the Rasch model to the survey data identified the final 28-item version. All language versions had good item fit, test-retest reliability (above 0.85), internal consistency and promising validity. CONCLUSIONS: The PIQoL-AD is a valuable instrument for inclusion in clinical trials and routine clinical practice. It provides distinct and complementary information to that of existing dermatology-specific measures and has been shown to be responsive to changes in QoL in clinical trials.

Child↗

PubMed2005

Developing a questionnaire to measure the psychosocial impact of an abnormal cervical smear result and its subsequent management: the TOMBOLA (Trial of Management of Borderline and Other Low-grade Abnormal Smears) trial.

This paper describes the process of developing and testing a new questionnaire, Process Outcome Specific Measure (POSM), including an assessment of its content validity and reliability. The questionnaire was developed within the context of Trial Of Management of Borderline and Other Low-grade Abnormal smears (TOMBOLA) to assess the psychosocial impact of a low-grade abnormal cervical smear result and the subsequent management. A literature search, focus groups and thorough pre-testing involving experts and patients resulted in a short (15-item), easily completed and understood questionnaire. Questions address issues including cancer, health, fertility and sexual concerns. Repeatability was assessed in 110 TOMBOLA recruits using weighted k; all but one of the questions showed levels of reliability near to, or above, 0.5. Cronbach's standardised alpha was 0.73, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Each POSM item was correlated with the anxiety and depression sub-scales of the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). All except one of the questions correlated more highly with the total POSM score than with the HADS sub-scales thus indicating discriminant validity. The POSM will enable comparison of the alternative management policies for low-grade cervical smears in terms of the benefits (or otherwise) perceived by the women managed by these policies.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Prosthetic profile of people with lower extremity amputation: conception and design of a follow-up questionnaire.

A questionnaire, the Prosthetic Profile of the Amputee (PPA), is described both in terms of its conceptualization and design. The objectives of the questionnaire (mail and telephone versions) were to evaluate and to determine the factors potentially related to prosthetic use by a person with a lower extremity amputation after discharge from rehabilitation. The PRECEDE theoretical model (Predisposing Reinforcing and Enabling Causes in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation) was adapted to the present study and served as a guide for the conceptual basis of the instrument. A multidisciplinary group of 13 experts and another group of eight persons with lower limb amputation were involved in the identification, classification, and priority rating of the factors related to prosthetic use. The design of the questionnaire was structured according to Dillman's Total Design Method. To ensure the content validity of the instrument, the pertinence of each question with regard to the questionnaire's objectives was assessed by the group of experts. Pretesting of the questionnaire was then conducted with a random sample of 26 people with lower extremity amputations. The preliminary version of the instrument has already demonstrated the potential for clinical and research use.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1985

An inventory to measure staff knowledge of behavioral methods with inpatient children and adolescents.

A 35-item multiple choice inventory to assess inpatient staff's knowledge of behavioral methods with children and adolescents is described. The instrument appears to possess satisfactory content validity for basic behavioral principles and good internal consistency and reliability. It appears useful for research and staff inservice educational assessment in inpatient treatment settings where a measure of this type in needed. The inventory may also be useful in identifying newly employed staff who may benefit from behavioral training before assuming direct services roles on inpatient wards.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Psychomotor retardation found in depressed outpatient women.

Psychomotor retardation (PMR) has been found consistently in depressed inpatients. This article is the first to report PMR in depressed women outpatients in contrast to matched nondepressed controls, despite heterogeneous differences in lifestyle, using 2-week content-valid behavioral measurement. Principal findings include significant and substantial daytime activity reduction not explained by seven covariates. The absence of significant nighttime difference is explained on the basis of instrumentation limits.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1995

Psychomotor retardation found in college students seeking counseling.

Psychomotor retardation (PMR) has been documented for inpatient populations. Futterman and Tryon (1994) [Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25, 41-48] provided the first report of PMR in a female outpatient sample. Because 8 of their 11 depressed Ss were receiving medication, the possibility remains that Futterman and Tryon's findings were due to medication side effects. The present study documents PMR in a nonmedicated male and female college population. Two-week, 24-h per day, content-valid behavioral measurements were obtained using step-counters from 73 college students seeking counseling. The 20 males and 53 females completed the Inventory to Diagnose Depression, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Inventory, and a structured interview. Regression analysis revealed that depression was negatively related to daytime activity. Significant age and gender effects were statistically controlled.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

The ECLW Collaborative study II: patient registration form (PRF) instrument, training and reliability. European Consultation/Liaison Work group.

This paper describes the development and testing of the Patient Registration Form (PRF), a standardized instrument for the description of patients seen by consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatrists and psychosomatists in general hospitals, the referral patterns, the C-L interventions and their outcomes. The PRF study is part of a large multi-centre. European investigation on the effectiveness of mental health service delivery, conducted by the European C-L Workgroup for General Hospital Psychiatry and Psychosomatics (ECLW) and performed in the framework of the of the E.C. 4th Medical and Health Research Program. The final version of the PRF consists of 68 items. It was developed by the Program Management Group (PMG) and National Coordinators (NC) after long preparatory studies to assure both face and content validity and pilot testing. Two hundred and twenty consultants, who required 40 hours of training and came from 14 different European countries and 90 different sites, participated in the final reliability study. The PRF was tested in 13 written case histories. A "gold standard' for the correct answers in each item was decided by "consensus ratings' of the PMG and a subsequent 80% agreement by the NCs. A high standard (average kappa (k) > or = 0.70; at least 2/3 of the PRF items, kappa > or = 0.70) was required for the rater to be considered as "reliable' (RR). The consultants considered the PRF both "feasible' and 93.2% of them fulfilled the RR criteria. The calculated rater-"gold standard' reliability was satisfactory: only four PRF items were identified with low agreement coefficients and no biases were observed cross-nationally in the ratings. Given the implications of misclassification for evaluating C-L effectiveness and services, these results are important and the achievement unprecedented.

Europe↗

PubMed1993

Severity rating scales for ciguatera fish poisoning.

Severity of ciguatera fish poisoning is often quite variable. Two symptom check list rating scales were developed for quantifying illness severity and for selectively monitoring response to therapy in patients with chronic toxicity. Content validity was ascertained, and internal consistency reliability was demonstrated by means of the Cronbach alpha correlation coefficient (alpha = 0.9475). It was concluded that these instruments were valid and reliable, and that they conveniently and accurately recorded illness severity and treatment efficacy. They should prove useful in clinical settings and epidemiologic investigations.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Questionnaire based exposure assessment methods.

In environmental epidemiological studies, questionnaires may be the method of choice for assessing exposure because no other source of information is available, or because they provide the most efficient study design, allowing a larger study size and greater statistical power than would be possible with other more accurate measurement techniques. Problems may arise from a lack of content validity (the questionnaire does not cover all sources of exposure to the hazard of interest) or criterion validity (e.g., through inaccurate recall or misunderstanding of questions). Methods for validating questionnaires are described. The usefulness of validated 'standard' questionnaires is discussed, particularly in regard to comparison of exposure patterns in various populations studied separately. It is stressed that the validity of standard questionnaires should not be automatically assumed when they are applied to populations other than those in which they have been tested.

Environmental Exposure↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The inventory of functional status-antepartum period. Development and testing.

The Inventory of Functional Status-Antepartum Period (IFSAP) includes six subscales measuring the extent to which a pregnant woman continues her usual household, social and community, childcare, personal care, occupational, and educational activities. Content validity was established at 94.4%. Reliability testing used a sample of 192 pregnant women. Internal consistency reliability using average correlations for the subscale item to subscale total scores ranged from .57 to .87. Subscale to total IFSAP score correlations ranged from .53 to .90. Test-retest reliability used a subsample of 21 pregnant women. The coefficients ranged from .27 to .93. Initial construct validity testing was accomplished by examination of subscale correlations, by comparing IFSAP scores for pregnant women who had no children with those who had children, and by comparing women who had complications and/or restrictions with women who experienced no complications or restrictions. The IFSAP may be used in research and clinical practice to assess functional status during pregnancy.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The Inventory of Functional Status-Fathers. Development and psychometric testing.

The Inventory of Functional Status-Fathers (IFS-F) was developed to measure the extent to which men continue or increase their usual household, social and community, childcare, personal care, occupational, and educational activities, and assume infant care responsibilities during their partners' pregnancies and the postpartum period. Content validity was established at 86%. Reliability testing used a sample of 125 expectant fathers and 57 new fathers. Internal consistency reliability using average correlations for the subscale item to subscale total scores ranged from .54 to .75. Subscale to total IFS-F score correlations ranged from .31 to .61. Initial construct validity testing was accomplished by examination of subscale correlations, which ranged from -.02 to .69. The IFS-F may be used to assess the functional status of men during the childbearing period for clinical and research purposes.

Child Care↗

PubMedDate not supplied

1994 task analysis of American certified nurse-midwifery.

The ACNM Certification Council is responsible to the American College of Nurse-Midwives for the development, administration, and evaluation of a psychometrically sound and legally defensible certification examination in nurse-midwifery. A task analysis study was conducted to investigate the knowledge, skills, and abilities that define American nurse-midwifery practice. A stratified sample of 825 American College of Nurse-Midwives members was asked to rate the frequency of performance and the criticality of 189 nurse-midwifery activities and 109 discrete diagnoses that the nurse-midwife might encounter while providing clinical care. The frequency and critically ratings were combined to generate an importance weight for each activity. Study data will be used as the basis of the examination blueprint in order to ensure job-related content validity. Aggregate data can also be used for curriculum development, self-assessment, and evaluation research purposes.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

The effect of the lecture discussion teaching method with and without audio-visual augmentation on immediate and retention learning.

This study determined whether students taught using the lecture-discussion method augmented with audio-visuals would achieve a higher mean score on an immediate post-test and delayed retention test than students presented with a lecture-discussion without audio-visuals. A convenience sample of 52 students divided into two groups voluntarily participated in the quasi-experiment. Two teaching sessions averaging 90 minutes in length were taught by the researcher. Learning and retention were measured by a 10-item multiple choice test with content validity. Immediate learning was measured with a post-test administered immediately following each of the teaching sessions. Delayed learning was measured with a retention test administered 25.5 days following the teaching sessions. Group data was analysed using an independent one tailed t-test for mean scores. Students attending the lecture-discussion with audio-visual augmentation did not achieve significantly higher mean scores on the two tests than the non-augmented group (p less than or equal to 0.05). Analysis using a paired t-test revealed that the difference in scores between the post-test and retention test for the group without audio-visual augmentation was significant (t = 2.31; p less than 0.05). Delayed retention appears to have been influenced by the use of audio-visuals. Nurse educators need to consider ways in which the lecture-discussion may be enhanced to maximise student learning and retention.

Audiovisual Aids↗