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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Causes of death of persons with developmental disabilities: comparison of institutional and community residents.

Between 1993 and 1995, 1,878 persons transferred from California institutions into the community. By early 1996, 45 had died--significantly more than expected (Strauss, Shavelle, Baumeister, and Anderson, 1998). We report here on the death certificates for this group, using a comparison group of 45 certificates for institutional residents. Thirty-two of the community deaths versus 10 of the institution deaths were "sudden" or "subacute." All of the institution deaths versus 79% of the community deaths were reported to the coroner, and 55% of the institutional deaths were followed by autopsy compared to 33% in the community. Six deaths were due to perforated bowels, 5 of which were in individuals residing in the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Eight-year follow-up of the impact of environmental characteristics on well-being of adults with developmental disabilities.

The impact of environmental features of residences on adaptive behavior, community integration, and health of adults with mental retardation over an 8-year period was examined. Environmental features included residence type, size, choice-making opportunities, physical attractiveness, and family involvement. We assessed 186 residents who initially lived in nursing homes. At the 8-year follow-up, 133 had moved to community-based residential settings. Findings indicated that residents who moved to community settings had higher levels of adaptive behavior and community integration than residents who remained in nursing homes. A more attractive physical environment and greater opportunity for choice-making were associated with higher levels of adaptive behavior at follow-up. Greater opportunity to make choices and family involvement were associated with higher levels of community integration.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

State of the States in developmental disabilities: 2004.

Public spending for MR/DD services grew rapidly during FYs 2000-2002. This rapid growth was followed by reductions in spending for MR/DD services as the nation's economy declined during 2002-2004. However, convergent factors stimulating future expansion of funding and services for persons with MR/DD include rapidly expanding cohorts of aging caregivers in the states, increasing longevity of persons with MR/DD, and extensive litigation in the states promoting access to services.

Financing, Government↗
PubMed2005

Attainment of personal outcomes by people with developmental disabilities.

In 1993, The Council on Quality and Leadership in Supports for People With Disabilities (The Council) developed a person-centered outcome assessment instrument, Personal Outcome Measures (1997). The Council has maintained a database (N = 3,630) of Personal Outcome Measures interviews conducted during accreditation reviews. Our purpose in this article is to report findings on (a) the relationships between and among the Personal Outcome Measures (The Council, 1997) and patterns of individual outcome attainment and (b) to examine the impact of characteristic variables (disability, organizational size, residential type, or source of program funding) on the individual attainment of personal outcomes. Alternatives are suggested for examining the dimensions of both quality of service and quality of life for people with disabilities.

Achievement↗
PubMed2006

Mandating education of dental graduates to provide care to individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

In 2004, The Commission on Dental Accreditation adopted new standards for dental and dental hygiene education programs to ensure the preparation of practitioners to provide oral health services for persons with special health care needs. The course of action leading to the adoption of the new standards, together with the continuing obstacles of limited government support for dental services and the availability of faculty members to provide the needed dental educational experiences is reviewed. Expanding Health Resources and Services Administration definition of medically underserved areas is presented as one approach to improving the delivery of dental services.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1998

Analysis of expenditures and outcomes of residential alternatives for persons with developmental disabilities.

Expenditures, staffing, and outcomes were examined for 116 adults with severe or profound mental retardation who moved from state institutions in Minnesota to various community living settings and a comparison group of 71 persons who remained institutionalized. Outcome variables included community access, social activities, community inclusion, family relationships, and choice. Comparison of participants' personal characteristics revealed no differences between groups, but several differences emerged when the community sample was grouped by residence size or public versus private ownership. Where necessary, covariance analysis was used to adjust for these preexisting differences. Community residences were less costly and had more favorable staffing and uniformly better outcomes than did institutions. Few outcome differences were evident between community residents when compared by residence size or service ownership.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Impact of age and transitions out of nursing homes for adults with developmental disabilities.

The impact of moving out of nursing homes into community-based settings was assessed by comparing the health, community functioning, and lifestyle satisfaction of movers and nonmovers at Time 1 and 3 years later at Time 2. We also examined whether age was a significant factor in outcomes of the transfers. The sample included 165 nonmovers and 67 movers age 30 years and older who initially were living in nursing homes. Findings indicated that movers showed benefits of improved health and community functioning. In addition, interviews with residents indicated higher increases in lifestyle satisfaction for the movers versus the nonmovers. Age of the residents did not have a significant impact on the effects of transferring out of nursing homes.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Teaching participants with developmental disabilities to comply with self-instructions.

Four adults with mild mental retardation were taught to sort based on what two pictures had in common and to name each object and common features of two pairs as well as to comply with a series of instructions to sort the pictures selectively. The criterion task was to inspect a sample pair, sort through a deck of 15 pictures to find those showing what the sample pair had in common, and to repeat a series of pairs. They failed this task and continued to fail even after a supposedly relevant self-instruction. After being taught to act on what they told themselves, they self-instructed correctly and sorted accordingly. Imperfect generalization by 2 participants was remediated by revoking self-instructions. They were taught to act on what they told themselves; thereafter, they self-instructed correctly and sorted accordingly. Imperfect generalization by 2 participants was remediated by re-evoking the relevant self-instructions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Intentional communication elicits language-facilitating maternal responses in dyads with children who have developmental disabilities.

An experimental test of whether intentional communication elicits maternal responses purported to facilitate language development is presented. Fifty-eight prelinguistic children with disabilities and their mothers participated. Children were randomly assigned to two staff-implemented treatments that were designed to experimentally increase intentional communication ability. We predicted that treatment effects on maternal responses would vary by maternal education level and maternal responsive interaction style at the pretreatment period. We predicted any treatment effect on maternal responses would be mediated by posttreatment intentional communication. Results indicated that treatment effects on maternal responses varied by pretreatment maternal education level. A pattern of results also supports the conclusion that posttreatment intentional communication to mother was, at least in part, responsible for the effect on posttreatment maternal responses.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

Mothers of adults with developmental disability: change over time.

Predictors of formal service utilization, waiting list use, and caregiving burden were assessed over a 4-year time period for 305 mothers of an adult child. Results indicate that caregiving burden at follow-up is predicted by residential status, burden, child behaviors at baseline, and child placement. Formal service use at follow-up is predicted by formal service use, child behaviors, co-residence at baseline, and child placement. Waiting list use at follow-up is predicted by waiting list use, burden, co-residence at baseline, and child placement. Placement outside the mother's home is predicted by co-residence, mother's functional ability, and waiting list use at baseline. Findings suggest that waiting list use and placement are aspects of an evolving process rather than discrete events.

Adult↗