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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Antiulcer therapy: an exercise in formulary management.

The purpose of formulary management is to contain costs while preserving quality care. A pharmacy cost review can identify key areas where limiting the agents used could lower costs. H2-receptor antagonists represent such agents. At UC Davis Medical Center, H2-receptor antagonists were found to be one of the highest-cost drug groups in the hospital. Seventy percent of H2-receptor antagonist use was for intravenous prophylaxis of stress ulcer. After a committee review of available data, H2-receptor antagonists were considered therapeutically equivalent. Cimetidine was chosen as the primary H2-receptor antagonist because of an estimated 36% cost savings. Inpatient H2-receptor antagonist use changed from 90% ranitidine prior to the decision to 90% cimetidine after the decision. A monitoring program revealed that there were similar numbers of elevated drug levels for theophylline, phenytoin, and lidocaine before and after the programmatic change. There was no difference in numbers of patients with theophylline toxicity on cimetidine or ranitidine. The incidence of bleeding from stress ulcer was 1.4% in the year following the change to cimetidine use. With aggressive review and utilization of scientific data, cost-saving H2-receptor antagonist restriction decisions can be made that do not compromise quality care.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Differential therapy of exercise hypertension].

Criteria for the diagnosis of exercise hypertension have not yet been established. Published values for blood pressure increase during dynamic exercise in normotensive healthy persons differ greatly dependent on age, sex, heart frequency and load of dynamic exercise. Upper normal systolic values during exercise reach levels between 200 and 230 mm Hg. The incidence of exercise hypertension is therefore reported to range from 1 to 10% of the total population. Follow-up studies show that 10 to 60% of persons with isolated exercise hypertension proceed to chronic arterial hypertension. No results are available on exercise hypertension as a risk factor in contrast to the well-known link between increased systolic and diastolic casual blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. The development of left-ventricular hypertrophy depends mainly on the average systolic blood pressure during a 24-hour period. Peak values of systolic blood pressure during the day or blood pressure variability are less important. Drug treatment of isolated exercise hypertension is not generally accepted. Non-drug treatment is to be preferred, e.g. weight reduction in overweight, dietary sodium restriction and endurance training. Drug treatment must be considered, if non-drug treatment is unsuccessful and/or risk factors, for example hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, cigarette smoking, or complications of target organs, i.e. coronary heart disease or cerebral infarction, do exist. In antihypertensive treatment of increased exercise blood pressure, the influence of the drugs on the hemodynamic and metabolic parameters must be observed, especially in patients with concomitant coronary heart disease. Increases in blood pressure due to dynamic exercise are better attenuated by antihypertensive drugs than those caused by isometric exercise. The drugs of choice are beta-blockers, preferably beta 1-blockers without ISA. Alternatively, calcium antagonists of the verapamil-type or ACE-inhibitors may be used. In contrast to other antihypertensive drugs, labetalol, calcium antagonists and ACE-inhibitors have no influence on the exercise-induced increase of cardiac index and therefore little effect on the work capacity of the circulatory system.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1985

Effect of myocardial ischemia and type I antiarrhythmic drug therapy on exercise QT intervals.

Direct measurement of the QT interval during exercise is the preferred method to assess duration of this interval with changes in heart rate. The influence of exercise induced ischemia or type I antiarrhythmic drugs on the exercise QT interval has not been well studied. Exercise electrocardiograms and thallium scintigraphy were performed in three groups-normals, patients with coronary artery disease, and patients taking type I antiarrhythmic drugs. The change in QT interval with heart rate increases during exercise was compared among the three groups. The QT interval shortened progressively in the normal group. Demonstrable myocardial ischemia (positive thallium scan) had no effect on the QT interval. Type I antiarrhythmic drugs prolong the QT interval at rest compared to normals, but the interval shortened to the same degree as in normals during exercise. Thus, normal values can be used to compare QT intervals in patients with coronary artery disease. These values do not apply to patients receiving type I antiarrhythmic drugs.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents↗
PubMed1998

Exercise training as an alternative treatment for depression among older adults.

This article reviews the current literature related to exercise treatment and depression among older adults. Results from investigational studies support the antidepressive effects of exercise programs. Aerobic exercise is more effective than placebo or no treatment controls, and appears to be as effective as more traditional treatment methods. However, a number of potential methodological problems leave the issue of exercise therapy for the treatment of depression unsettled. Some possible directions for future research are discussed, along with clinical recommendations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Cognitive behavioral therapy to promote exercise behavior in older adults: implications for physical therapists.

Although exercise has both physical and psychological benefits, most older adults do not exercise on a regular basis. Physical therapists need to explore ways to encourage sustained commitment. This article proposes that cognitive factors contribute to older adults inactivity and that the self regulation of exercise maintenance model is a means of promoting exercise. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), an intervention guided by the self-regulation model, is presented as a practical way to help older adults see how thoughts guide their exercise behavior. The article concludes with a hypothetical case in which principles of CBT are used to promote exercise with older adults.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the efficacy of physical exercises in scoliotic disease].

Scoliotic disease manifests in the course of skeletal growth and requires long-term specialized treatment. Special literature does not present sound criteria of efficacy of exercise treatment of scoliosis in children and adolescents. The proposed comprehensive score assessment of body function of children and adolescents with scoliosis, objectively characterizes its dynamics, response to therapeutic procedure including exercise therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Osteoporosis: current modes of prevention and treatment.

The most common metabolic bone disorder is osteoporosis, which affects 25 million Americans, of whom 80% are women. Bone loss in women occurs most commonly after menopause, when the rate of loss may be as high as 2% per year. Bone mass can be determined with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The rate of active loss can be assayed by the detection of bone collagen breakdown products (e.g., N-telopeptide, pyridinoline) in the urine. Although it has been suggested that white women are most commonly affected, Hispanic and Asian women are also affected. Strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis are directed at maximizing peak bone mass by optimizing physiologic intake of calcium, vitamin D therapy, exercise, and maintenance of normal menstrual cycles from youth through adulthood. Coupled with drug therapy should be a comprehensive approach to exercise and fall prevention. Stretching, strengthening, impact, and balance exercises are effective. Of the balance exercises, tai chi chuan has proved to be the most successful in decreasing falls. Prevention of bone loss is obviously preferable to any remedial measures, but new therapeutic strategies provide a means of restoring deficient bone.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1981

The team approach to rheumatoid arthritis. Rehabilitation at the H. F. Verwoerd Hospital, Pretoria.

Rheumatoid arthritis, being a progressive destructive disease, is best treated by using a team approach. Besides intensive medical and surgical treatment, a definite programme of physiotherapy and occupational therapy is given. This includes educational lectures, home visits, group exercise therapy and an analysis of situations which may strain the joints. Splints and aids are supplied accordingly.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2001

[Physiotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis].

Both Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) are chronic, inflammatory systemic diseases. RA predominantly manifests itself in the peripheral joints, whereas AS most prominently in the spine. As time progresses the roles of active and physical therapy become increasingly important. The aims of intensive and dynamic exercise for patients with RA and AS are formulated following the ICIDH-2. Thus, the aims are a direct equation of body function, activities and participation. The benefits of exercise therapy are increased joint mobility, increased muscle strength, improved functional ability and better cardiorespiratory function without incurring a flare of the disease.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2026

Effectiveness of psychologically informed physical therapy, tendon-specific exercise program and routine physical therapy in prolonged unilateral shoulder pain and symptom correlations with imaging: a single-center, randomized, parallel-group, three-arm study (RESPECT).

BACKGROUND: Shoulder complaints are one of the most common musculoskeletal ailments. Patient-specific characteristics such as obesity, depression and physical labor are established risk factors, whereas imaging findings are common and associations between specific imaging findings and symptomatology is limited. General exercises are considered useful in treatment whereas evidence for specific tendon exercises is lacking. Biopsychosocial model is also recommended, but has not been extensively studied concerning shoulder symptoms. This article describes the study protocol designed to evaluate the effectiveness and the cost-effectiveness of routine and specific physical therapy (PT) interventions. Imaging is performed for descriptive, longitudinal and imaging-symptom correlation studies. METHODS: The Rehabilitation of Shoulder Pain: Evaluation and Clinical Trial (RESPECT) is a randomized three-arm parallel-group study involving 300 participants aged 20 to 60 years with prolonged unilateral shoulder pain. Participants will receive either routine PT, physiotherapist-guided tendon-specific exercise program or psychologically informed PT. Bilateral shoulder radiographs, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging will be done at the baseline and at 12 and 36 months. Electronic surveys will be completed at the baseline and at 3, 6, 12 and 36 months. The primary outcome will be patient-specific functional scale (PSFS) at 12 months, analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusted for baseline PSFS. DISCUSSION: RESPECT will provide systematic and controlled data regarding different PT interventions in prolonged shoulder symptoms, which is currently limited. Being one of the most common sources of musculoskeletal pain, improved management could reduce symptom-related burden and prolonged functional impairment at individual and population level. CLINICALTRIALS: gov; Registration number NCT07235969; Registered November 18th, 2025; Version: 1.0.

Humans↗