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PubMedDate not supplied

[Typology of the nervous system and personality].

The paper deals with structural organization of psycho-physiological and psychological characteristics of personality. The following characteristics were estimated: psychomotor, intellectual, creative abilities, features of imagination as well as basic properties of personality: extraversion--introversion, and neuroticism. Using the Q-technique of factor analysis of the 1-st, 2-nd and 3rd orders, the authors singled out three types of psychophysiological and psychological human organization. Each type was given a generalized interpretation. Conclusion is made that these types reflect more generalized processes than factors derived with R-technique of factor analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profile of patients with chronic sinusitis.

Chronic sinusitis is one of the most common diseases in the general population. We investigated the personality traits of non-psychiatric patients in chronic sinusitis and non-sinusitis groups. In this study we evaluated 25 patients with chronic sinusitis and 25 subjects as a control group. In the analysis of the psychiatric status, MMPI profiles were used. We found that the depression and social introversion subscales were higher in males, whereas the hypochondriasis and social introversion subscales were higher in females with chronic sinusitis. It is concluded that the psychological functions of the patients with chronic sinusitis are poorer than in the non-sinusitis group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The relationship between communication problems and psychological difficulties in persons with profound acquired hearing loss.

Communication strategies, accommodations to deafness, and perceptions of the communication environment by profoundly deaf subjects were correlated with indices of psychosocial adjustment to determine whether accommodations to deafness could play a role in the presence of psychological difficulties among deaf persons. Persons with postlingually acquired profound deafness were administered the Communication Profile for the Hearing Impaired (CPHI) and several standardized tests of psychological functioning and adjustment. Inadequate communication strategies and poor accommodations to deafness reported on the CPHI were associated with depression, social introversion, loneliness, and social anxiety. Limited communication performance at home and with friends was related to both social introversion and the experience of loneliness; perceived attitudes and behaviors of others correlated with depression as well as loneliness. In general, the pattern of correlations obtained suggests that specific communication strategies and accommodations to deafness, rather than deafness per se, may contribute to the presence of some psychological difficulties in individuals.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Modification of Eysenck's typology in the rat].

Elaboration of conditioned avoidance of artificial (increase of illumination and presentation of a sound) and zoosocial (cry of pain) aversive stimuli reveals rats with stable individual behavioural properties comparable to parameters of H. Eysenck's typology: extra-introversion, neuroticism and psychoticism.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Psychological aspects of tension type headache].

In understanding and treatment of tension type headache the psychological stress is considered as one of the most important factors causing and strengthening headache. The aim of this work was the assessment of personality traits in patients suffering from tension-type headache. Methods of this study were based on investigation of the dimensions of personality using the Eysenck Personality Inventory EPQ-R and the assessment of psychological stress using a Questionnaire of Demographic Variables. The group of 120 patients suffering from tension-type headache was assessed and 30 control subjects without headaches were investigated. Special personality traits conditioning/characterising tension-type headache were not confirmed. Patients with tension-type headache comparing to subjects from the control group showed neurotism and introversion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Psychological change over 54 months of cochlear implant use.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term psychological outcome of postlingually deafened adults who received multichannel cochlear implants and to relate the psychological outcome to audiological outcome. DESIGN: Thirty-seven recipients of multichannel cochlear implants who participated in a prospective clinical trial completed psychological assessments before implantation and at regularly scheduled follow-ups through 54 mo of implant use. Standardized measures of affect, social function, and personality were used, and scores on these measures were correlated with asymptotic scores on several audiological measures. RESULTS: Evidence of significant improvement on measures of loneliness, social anxiety, and distress were obtained within a year after implantation and throughout the duration of the follow-up period. For measures of assertiveness and marital satisfaction, improvement was apparent only after long-term implant use. Although favorable changes on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Depression Scale were evidenced only in the initial follow-up period, improvements on the MMPI Paranoia and Social Introversion Scales persisted throughout the 54 mo follow-up. CONCLUSION: Multichannel cochlear implant use is associated with long-term psychological benefit. Correlations between audiological outcome and psychological outcome, however, suggested that the relation between audiological benefit and psychological benefit is not simple.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Construct validity of the MacAndrew Scale: secondary psychopathic and dysthymic-neurotic character orientations among adolescent male misdemeanor offenders.

The empirical validity of the MacAndrew Scale was investigated in 200 adolescent males convicted of misdemeanor offenses who were classified according to their pattern of alcohol intoxication. Classification results were comparable to those from studies of adult men--true positive = 80%, false negative = 20%, true negative = 81% and false positive = 19%. An empirical cluster analysis of factor scores from the California Psychological Inventory yielded 14 personality types. About 56% of these cases resembled two character orientations (Emotional Extraversion or Emotional Introversion) that were hypothesized by MacAndrew to mediate addiction-proneness among males. However, 38.7% of these subjects were not alcohol misusers. The hypothesis that Emotional Introverts tend to be classified as false negatives was not supported--true positive = 79% and false negative = 21%. Although MacAndrew's formulation of two character orientations has heuristic value, the present study found alcohol misuse among adolescents with other personality characteristics. Studies of nonoffender adolescent males were recommended to clarify the MacAndrew Scale's sensitivity to the character orientation Emotional Introvert. Consistent with earlier research, the present study found no evidence of high levels of emotional tension in the form of anxiety or depression among adolescent alcohol misusers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Differences between patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic myocardial infarction: the relevance of psychological factors.

Several hypotheses describe the phenomenon asymptomatic myocardial infarction (MI) blockade of afferent cardiac nerves, pain inhibition by endogenous opioids, and insufficient severity of myocardial ischaemia. Psychological factors, however, are rarely considered. The present study involved 35 asymptomatic (AMI) and 35 symptomatic patients (SMI) selected from a sample of 199 patients with myocardial infarction. During observation in a rehabilitation clinic, the following were assessed: biochemical variables; ECG at rest, at exercise, and during Holter monitoring; and a special 23 h monitoring of physical activity, ECG changes, and subjective feelings. Psychological assessments with questionnaires were also performed and comprised: personality evaluation; physical complaints; possible predisposing features for the development of MI; expectations regarding the benefit of rehabilitation; circumstances at the time of infarction; and socioeconomic and historical data. The hypothesis that physiological factors might explain the differences between AMI and SMI is not substantiated by our results. However, the hypothesis of the role of psychological factors is supported. As opposed to AMI patients, SMI patients are characterized by frequent complaints of poor health, neuroticism, and introversion. At the time of infarction, SMI patients had more frequent premonitory symptoms of longer duration. Moreover, SMI patients had more frequent previous hospital or nursing home admissions. At the end of the rehabilitation treatment, only 43% of the SMI patients were judged by their physician as fit for work as against 71% of the AMI patients.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychopathologic aspects of cancer in gynecology. Cancer of the breast].

We study 31 female patients diagnosed and treated with the usual method for breast cancer. We use the clinical report and psychobiography, Instrument I to measure the aggressivity and M.M.P.I. The most significant results are: slowness in the first examination, influence of psychosomatic life events and spontaneous signs during the interviews, increase of autoaggressivity, and raising of the neurotic triad, dependence and introversion. It is clear from this statement the general conclusion of this patients having a want of contact so that their psychological signs don't develop into psychopathological.

Aggression↗
PubMed1997

Personality factors differentially predict exercise behavior in men and women.

Personality assessed with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in college was used to predict exercise behavior measured at midlife in 3,630 men and 796 women enrolled in the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study. Logistic regression models were fitted for each of the MMPI clinical scales to test the predictive effect of personality, gender, and their interaction on adult exercise behavior. Lower depression, social introversion, and psychopathic deviance scores were associated with increased probability of exercising in midlife for both men and women. Furthermore, better psychological health (indexed by lower hypochondriases and psychasthenia) in college was generally predictive of increased exercise for men, whereas higher scores on these same factors predicted midlife exercise for women. There were two other patterns of gender interactions: (a) for men, lower scores on hysteria and schizophrenia scales were associated with increased probability of exercising at midlife, whereas these factors were unrelated to exercise for women and (b) for women, lower ego strength and higher college scores on paranoia and mania were associated with exercise behavior at midlife. These data suggest that early adulthood personality predictors of exercise behavior at midlife are both gender-neutral and gender-specific; that is, where no gender differences exist, healthier personality traits predict exercise at midlife, and when gender differences do occur, healthier college patterns of personality predict exercise behavior for men and sedentary behavior for women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Psychobiological profiles in infertile men.

To investigate the psychosomatic impact in male infertility, we analysed relationships among psychological (life events, personality attitudes) and biological (gonadotrophins, sex steroids, seminal parameters) variables in 101 husbands of barren couples. In patients with subnormal fertility parameters, personality attitudes were not different from those of a reference group of the questionnaire (FAPK) used in this study. However, patients with high scores on test scales such as regression, hypochondria, or emotional vacuity showed better fertility characteristics. These results agree with previously reported data, suggesting that social assertiveness and extraversion but not introversion and depression are associated with male infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A psychological profile of endometriosis patients in comparison to patients with pelvic pain of other origins.

In order to investigate the possibility of a specific psychological profile associated with endometriosis, 81 women with pelvic pain were studied, of whom 40 were diagnosed as having endometriosis and 41 other gynaecological problems. Each patient completed six standardized psychometric tests to assess personality, psychopathology, marital state and pain. Endometriosis patients obtained higher psychoticism, introversion and anxiety scores in comparison to the other pain patients, although the two groups did not differ on pain ratings. Both groups obtained neuroticism, anxiety and psychiatric morbidity scores which were elevated relative to normative data. The possibility that there are certain psychological characteristics which make some women vulnerable to endometriosis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Toronto Alexithymia Scale: relationship with personality and psychopathology measures.

The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) is a 26-item self-report measure of alexithymia with good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and a factor structure congruent with the alexithymia construct. This study assesses the construct validity of the scale by examining its relationship with several personality and psychopathology measures. In a sample of 81 college students, the TAS correlated strongly and positively with a measure of hypochondriasis but negatively with measures of psychological mindedness and 'need for cognition'. There were low-magnitude correlations between the TAS and measures of self-depreciation, social introversion, persecutory ideation, and impulse expression, but no correlation with a measure of denial. These results indicate that the TAS is assessing adequately the theoretical domain relevant to its item and factor structure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profile of patients with subjective tinnitus.

Subjective tinnitus is frequently seen in the general population. We investigated the personality traits in tinnitus and nontinnitus groups, both of which were nonpsychiatric. In this study, we evaluated 28 patients with subjective tinnitus and 28 subjects for a control group. In the analysis of psychiatric status, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles were used. Psychasthenia was found to be higher in tinnitus patients of both sexes, whereas Hypochondriasis, Hysteria, Masculinity/Feminity, Psychasthenia, Schizophrenia, and Social Introversion scores were higher in females with tinnitus. In our research, it is thought that the experience of tinnitus may cause the psychological disturbance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Correlations between clinical features, personality disorders and the antioxidant system in patients with peptic ulcer].

The examination of 68 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) has found correlations between relations in married couples, the level of the subjective control, behavior stereotype, anxiety, neurotism, extra-introversion of the patients and antioxidant activity (AOA) of blood plasm (BP) in various clinical symptoms of the diseases. The relations between psychological factors in DU patients and BP AOA were seen in mild disease: regular terms of scarring, rare recurrences, weak mucosal inflammation, short disease duration, minimal psychological changes. A correlation analysis of interrelations between psychological factors and activity of the antioxidant system in patients with DU can be used for prognostication of the disease course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Sequential psychological testing during the course of autoimmune hyperthyroidism.

Although the psychological disturbances accompanying Graves' disease are well known, the time required for normalisation of these disturbances during antithyroid drug treatment is not known. Therefore sequential psychological testing during the course of Graves' disease was done. There are also contradictory results concerning the possible correlation of neurophysiological and psychological test results during the course of Graves' disease with thyroid hormone values. Finally, psychological disturbances have been proposed as possible etiologic factors in Graves' disease. In our study, a significant decrease in anxiety and irritability could be observed at the time euthyroidism was achieved. Self-evaluations of depressivity, activity, exhaustion, well-being, extraversion, introversion, and the ability to concentrate changed 1 or 2 months after euthyroidism was induced. Similar test results could be observed after induction of euthyroidism by antithyroid drugs and subtotal thyroid resection. Therefore the mode of therapy does not seem to influence the course of normalisation of psychological parameters. In contrast to other investigations there was hardly any correlation between thyroid hormone values and psychological test results or the ability to concentrate. Nontheless, patients with Graves' disease showing high scores for depression and anxiety exhibit abnormal peripheral helper/suppressor T-lymphocyte relations. Furthermore, patients suffering from Graves' disease tend to be more anxious than controls. It remains to be determined whether an increased susceptibility to psychological disturbances has led to these alterations of lymphocyte subsets in Graves' disease patients with severe depression and anxiety.

Adult↗