SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Pyelonephritis”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources

PubMed1981

Cryptococcal pyelonephritis and disseminated cryptococcosis in a renal transplant recipient.

Symptomatic cryptococcal pyelonephritis, meningitis, and disseminated cryptococcosis are described in a renal cadaver transplant recipient who subsequently died of Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis. The presence of cryptococcuria and a subsequent positive CSF India ink stain led to the initial diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcosis. Therapy with 0.511 g of amphotericin B and 112.5 g of flucytosine for four weeks did not eradicate Cryptococcus from the kidney and was associated with hepatotoxicity. The importance of urinary examination and culture for C neoformans is emphasized. Cryptococcal pyelonephritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of allograft rejection in the renal transplant patient.

Cadaver↗

PubMed1980

Cefamandole alone and combined with gentamicin or tobramycin in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis.

Ninety-four cases of pyelonephritis including 20 who had concurrent bacteremia were treated with cefamandole alone or in combination with either gentamicin or tobramycin. Doses of cefamandole ranged from 1--2 g by intermittent intravenous (VI) infusion every 4 to 8 h; gentamicin and tobramycin doses ranged from 1--1.7 mg/kg every 8 h also by intermittent IV infusion. Duration of therapy ranged from 5 to 23 days (mean 7.3 days). Both single and combination therapy successfully treated acute pyelonephritis and bacteremia in all patients. Seven strains of E. coli and one of Klebsiella pneumoniae responsible for initial infection were resistant to cephalothin but sensitive to cefamandole. Relapse with cefamandole sensitive bacteria occurred in 27% of patients receiving only cefamandole and 8% of those patients receiving combination therapy. Reinfection with cefamandole resistant organisms, predominantly Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurred in five patients. One patient had an intrarenal abscess due to E. coli which was successfully treated with 23 days of cefamandole. One patient died. However, death was due to acute pulmonary embolism, not infection. None of the patients receiving cefamandole plus gentamicin or tobramycin experienced a significant decrease in creatinine clearance during or after therapy. Skin rash, mild thrombophlebitis at the IV site and transient elevation of alkaline phosphatase and SGOT were the only side effects noted.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1981

[The diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis in internal medicine].

All those clinical, laboratory, radiological and radioisotopic elements of importance in the diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis in internal medicine have been examined. Anamnestic indications of chronic pyelonephritis include previous infections episodes of the urinary ways, pain in the lumbar and suprapubic region and micturition disturbances. Less significant are objective findings such as pain at percussion of the lumber region, hypertension and possible signs of renal insufficiency. Important diagnostically among laboratory examinations are leucocyturia higher than 1,000.000 in 24 hours, a findings of leucocyte cylinders, bacteriuria higher than 100.000 per cc of urine and the observation of immunoantibodies covering bacteria isolated from the urine. X-ray and radioisotopic examinations are recognised as having considerable diagnostic usefulness. None of the clinical, laboratory, X-ray or radioisotopic findings is, however, strictly specific. Confirmation of a diagnostic suspicion is only possible when scrupulous accumulation of the most typical subjective and objective findings regarding the disease is accompanied by the positivity of diagnostic tests. The results of these tests must in all cases be assessed critically in the context of the clinical picture for, taken singly, they have no decisive value.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗

PubMed1982

[Enzyme and serological characteristics of enterobacteria isolated from the urine of children with pyelonephritis].

The results obtained in the study of microflora in urine samples collected from 157 children with pyelonephritis during the period of 1979-1981 are presented. Among 793 isolated colonies, enterobacteria constituted 80.2%; of these, 60% were E. coli represented by known uropathogenic varieties with the prevalence of serogroups 06, 02, 01, 04 and 075. Second in the frequency of occurrence among enterobacteria were Kl. pneumoniae, for the first time found to include 14 varieties in respect to K-antigen with the prevalence of serovars K47, K22 and K14. The preliminary data indicate the possibility of the relationship between the species of the isolated microorganisms or their serological variety and the clinical forms of pyelonephritis in children, and in particular, the isolation of Kl. pneumoniae in the active phase in chronic obstructive continuously recurring processes.

Bacteriuria↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Dioxidine and carbenicillin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyelonephritis in rats].

Dioxidine (50 mg/kg a day) and carbenicillin (500 mg/kg a day) administered to rats with Ps. aeruginosa hematogenic pyelonephritis for 7 days brought about high therapeutic effect accompanied by bacteremia elimination, noticeable reduction of bacteriuria and dissemination of renal tissue, by improvement of the histological structure of the kidneys as compared with untreated animals. Complete recovery of all the animals (sterilization of the urine and tissue of both the kidneys), and abolition of pyelonephritis signs in the histological structure of the kidneys are attained as a result of combined use of dioxidine and carbenicillin in doses 25 and 250 mg/kg, respectively.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

[Juxtaglomerular apparatus and interstitial cells of kidney medulla in hydronephrosis and chronic pyelonephritis].

Light and electron microscopic examinations of biopsies of the renal cortex were carried out in 24 patients with chronic pyelonephritis and 12 patients with hydronephrosis, as well as of the medullar substance in 7 of these patients after nephrectomy. A detailed analysis of the processes of granule formation in epithelioid cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) using the previously reported method of mathematical evaluation of the shape of granules (ellipticity) established a moderate direction correlation between the ellipticity of the granules and the level of proteinuria. Signs of activation were found in intact JGA: an increased amount of diamondshaped protogranules. The number of lipid granules decreased in interstitial cells of the medullar substance. In exacerbations of chronic pyelonephritis and experimentally, degenerative and necrotic changes were found in interstitial cells due to edema and infiltration of the medullar substance with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

The natural history of chronic pyelonephritis in the adult.

One hundred and thirty patients with primary chronic pyelonephritis diagnosed radiologically or by nephrectomy, 84 with unilateral and 46 with bilateral disease, have been followed for six to 240 months. The clinical and radiological features of the disease at presentation, together with its influence on pregnancy, have been analysed. Serial observations of bacteriuria, blood pressure and renal function have been made during follow up and the intravenous urogram (IVU) has been repeated after five years in most patients. Although the disease probably starts in early childhood it often presents to the nephrologist in young adults, mainly women, as symptomatic urinary tract infection, hypertension, renal insufficiency or a combination of these features. Though associated with increased morbidity in pregnancy it does not usually interfere with fertility and in this series it did not cause increased fetal loss. Repeated urinary tract infections and hypertension are common events. Proteinuria is usually minimal and when present is associated with hypertension. The disease in most patients with unilateral disease runs a benign course; a poorer prognosis is associated with bilateral disease, hypertension and proteinuria. Since we found no association between frequent urinary infections and declining renal function we suggest that only symptomatic urinary infection should be treated in adults with chronic pyelonephritis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Experimental paracetamol nephropathy and pyelonephritis in rats.

The nephrotoxicity of paracetamol (acetaminophen) administered to rats in doses of 300 mg/kg/day for periods up to 32 weeks was increased in the presence of experimentally induced pyelonephritis. The same dose of paracetamol failed to cause renal lesions in rats without pyelonephritis. Generally the pyelonephritic reactions were more severe in animals receiving paracetamol as compared to those in whom the drug was witheld. Thickened basement membranes of microvessels and tubules associated with papillary necrosis, and attempted healing of a necrotic papillary stump were unusual experimental findings which resemble pathology considered characteristic of clinical analgesic nephropathy.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed1978

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. A report of 2 cases.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare form of chronic pyelonephritis. The present author has found about 150 cases on going through the literature. The lipid filled "foam cell" is typical of the condition. The preoperative diagnosis is often renal carcinoma. The treatment is nephrectomy. It is important to make the diagnosis in order to avoid unnecessary radical surgery. A unilateral non-functioning kidney with urinary tract infection (with or without calculi) should lead to the condition being suspected. The prognosis is good. Two new cases that both illustrate the condition well are presented.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

[Bacteriologic study of the urine of pyelonephritis patients following administration of saluretics].

The qualitative and quantitative bacteriological study of renal urine samples selectively taken from pyelonephritis patients before and after the administration of lasix was made. This study revealed that simultaneously with plyuria the increased frequency of colony growth occurring after inoculations from urine samples and the greater degree of bacteriuria were observed. The qualitative analysis of microflora in the selectively taken samples of renal urine revealed the presence of additional etiological agents which were absent in the samples of bladder urine. These findings indicate that the bacteriological study of renal urine samples simultaneously with the administration of lasix allows to obtain additional information useful for the diagnostics of pyelonephritis and for the choice of rational schemes of antibacterial therapy.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗

PubMed1978

[Serodiagnosis of a chronic pyelonephritis using common antigen].

By means of the indirect haemagglutination reaction we examined for antibodies against the enterobacterial common antigen 113 sera of blood-donors and 588 sera of patients with chronic pyelonephritis. It could be shown that this antigen is not suitable for the proof of antibodies and thus for the serodiagnostics of a chronic pyelonephritis. Also the combination with the results of the antibody determination against the O-antigen of the homologous strain of the urine is without diagnostic relevance.

Antibodies↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The microbiological diagnosis of pyelonephritis in children under the control of bacterial persistence factors].

The study of antilysozyme and anti-interferon activity in 474 urological strains of opportunistic bacteria isolated from the urine of pyelonephritis patients and in 302 strains isolated from the urine of healthy children was made. The occurrence and the average amount of bacterial persistence factors were found to be directly related to the isolation source of cultures. The determination of the antilysozyme and anti-interferon activity of urological strains made it possible to confirm the etiological importance of enterobacteria and Pseudomonas in the development of renal infections and to differentiate the causative agent of pyelonephritis from the concomitant microflora.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

[Interstitial nephropathy due to chronic bacterial pyelonephritis].

Chronic renal infection (Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis) is a cause of tubulo-interstitial nephropathy (nephritis); TIN. The disorder causes end-stage renal failure in about 2% of the patients who are treated by dialysis. However, Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis is a relatively benign condition that seldom leads to renal function loss. The affected kidney shows non-specific histological pictures similar to that seen with other diseases producing TIN. Clinical symptoms are of ten vague. Obstructive uropathy (eg, stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia) is frequently present. The affected kidney, which is almost unilateral, shows atrophy and scarring of variable degree. Significant pyuria and bacteriuria may or may not be found. Depending on the stage of the disease, the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen may be normal or elevated. Contributing obstructive uropathy should be corrected. The patients must be followed closely, urinary tract infection must be controlled and complications (eg, hypertension, azotemia) must be identified promptly and treated adequately.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1995

[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Apropos of 11 cases].

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare manifestation of chronic pyelonephritis. 11 cases were treated between 1988 and 1993. Patients age ranged from 17 to 60 years (mean 34 j). A pseudotumoral form was documented in 3 patients and pyonephrosis was found in 8 cases. Urine culture was usually positive for a non specific germ. Imaging technics could differentiate pseudotumoral disease from diffuse disease. Treatment consisted in a nephrectomy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Pseudoneoplastic xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. A typical clinical presentation but unusual diagnosis and treatment.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare disease that may mimic various renal lesions, especially renal tumors, in its focal form. We report a case of pseudoneoplastic xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a young woman. This case is unusual, because it was diagnosed by a percutaneous renal puncture and furthermore total renal recovery was achieved by antibiotic treatment alone.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

A prospective study of cortical scarring in acute febrile pyelonephritis in adults: clinical and bacteriological characteristics.

Previous reports have demonstrated lesions on computerized axial tomography (CT), and nuclear scintigraphy (DMSA) in acute pyelonephritis (PN). We undertook a prospective study of all patients presenting to our hospital with PN over 40 months. Patients who fulfilled diagnostic criteria, were treated with intravenous antibiotics. Excluding two who were pregnant, all patients had imaging by intravenous urography (IVU), CT and DMSA during their admission. Urine samples were collected prior to treatment. Patients without IVU evidence of cortical scarring but with parenchymal defects on CT and/or DMSA underwent a repeat DMSA three or more months after the acute episode. Of the 164 patients, 142 were female. E. coli was found in 116 patients. Forty-six patients had an abnormality on IVU. Of the 106 patients without IVU evidence of cortical scarring, 59 had a defect on CT and/or DMSA. Late DMSA scans in 35 of these 59 patients showed a persistent abnormality in 77%. E. coli characteristics such as P-fimbriae and Type 1 fimbriae were not predictive of acute imaging abnormalities. Inhibition of E. coli growth by the addition of EDTA was highly predictive of acute CT and DMSA abnormalities with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 82.8%. Acute pyelonephritis is often associated with acute CT and/or DMSA abnormalities which may evolve into renal cortical scars. Acute scan abnormalities can be predicted by the presence of E. coli which were susceptible to EDTA in culture. Late scarring could not be predicted by clinical features, response to treatment or antibiotic used.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

Rufloxacin once daily versus ciprofloxacin twice daily in the treatment of patients with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis.

PURPOSE: We compare the bacteriological and clinical efficacy of rufloxacin and ciprofloxacin in patients with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 110 outpatients was enrolled in a randomized, double-blind multicenter study and treated for 10 days with 200 mg. rufloxacin daily (after a loading dose of 400 mg. on day 1) or 500 mg. ciprofloxacin twice daily. Bacteriological and clinical efficacy was based on the accumulated outcomes assessed at the end of treatment, and at 2 and 4 to 6 weeks. RESULTS: The bacteriological and clinical success rates of rufloxacin and ciprofloxacin were comparable: 55.6% versus 58.8% and 74% versus 71%, respectively (95% confidence interval -28% to +22% and -20% to +25%, respectively). Both study medications were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Rufloxacin once daily is a good alternative in the outpatient treatment of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The formalized diagnosis of acute suppurative pyelonephritis].

Using mathematical analysis methods, the authors try to develop algorithm of the diagnosis and early treatment of acute purulent pyelonephritis (APP). On the basis of 107 case histories (84 surgical, 12 conservative APP cases, 11 patients without the inflammation) characteristic symptoms were established. These may serve as parameters for the classification analysis and plotting curves indicative of the kidney involvement in the pyodestructive process. The analysis of the curves elicited that the pattern of the parameter changes reflects stages of purulent pyelonephritis in the kidney.

Acute Disease↗