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PubMed2002

Correlation of the binocular visual field with patient assessment of vision.

PURPOSE: To determine which measures of the binocular visual field correlate best with the patient's assessment of vision. METHODS: Esterman binocular visual field testing and four other binocular visual field tests (designated peripheral 20 dB [p20], peripheral 22 dB [p22], central 24 dB [c24] and central 26 dB [c26]) were performed in 101 patients with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma. Scores from these five tests, as well as binocular visual field scores calculated from monocular testing (best-location summation and probability summation), were correlated with performance on the National Eye Institute's Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ)-25 and Short-Form (SF)-36 quality of life instruments, as well as with the linear rating scale utility test. RESULTS: The mean percentage of correct responses was 87%, 69%, 59%, 78%, and 71% for the Esterman, p20, p22, c24, and c26 tests, respectively. The distribution of scores was much broader for the p20 and p22 tests than for the Esterman test. The mean decibels for the binocular visual fields calculated from the monocular visual fields were 21.5 +/- 7.7 dB for the best-location algorithm and 25.1 +/- 6.7 dB for the probability-summation algorithm. The binocular visual field score calculated with the best-location algorithm correlated better with the overall, general vision, distance activities, and peripheral vision domains of theVFQ-25 (partial correlation coefficients of 0.48, 0.48, 0.49, and 0.51, respectively) than did the probability-summation algorithm and all five binocular visual field tests. The best-location algorithm also had the strongest correlation with the linear rating scale utility test (partial correlation coefficient, 0.40). CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of clinic-based patients with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma, a global score derived from a combination of two monocular fields correlated better with patient assessment of vision than did the Esterman and four novel binocular visual field tests.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Correlation between sex hormone receptors in normal and cancerous target tissues].

According to the classic model of regulation of sex hormone receptors biosynthesis in target tissues, oestrogen stimulates and progesterone inhibits biosynthesis in both receptors. One of the consequences of this model is a direct correlation between oestrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in target tissues. Here we investigate a correlation between ER and PR in calf endometrium and breast cancer (BC) tissues of women. A direct correlation was found between receptors in the calf endometrium (r = +0.70; p < 0.01). There were three variants of BC tissues: without correlation, with positive correlation (r = +0.49; p < 0.01), and with non-linear negative correlation between ER and PR. The last variant of samples were detected exclusively in patients operated in spring and fall. The non-linear negative correlation between ER and PR in BC tissues in spring and fall may indicate disregulation of sex hormone receptors biosynthesis under the influence of external factors.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Red marrow radiation dose adjustment using plasma FLT3-L cytokine levels: improved correlations between hematologic toxicity and bone marrow dose for radioimmunotherapy patients.

UNLABELLED: Calculated red marrow absorbed dose in patients receiving radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) has not been highly predictive of the dose-limiting hematologic toxicity observed in many patient populations studied. Because patients receiving the same red marrow dose often experience different grades of toxicity, other factors might help predict the different grades of toxicity observed. One such factor may be the plasma FLT3-L (FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, hematopoiesis stimulatory cytokine) level, which has been shown to be a better indicator of recovery of progenitor cells and, thus, red marrow radiosensitivity (because during the recovery period the progenitor cells are hyperproliferative and potentially more radiosensitive) for patients treated with previous chemotherapy than peripheral blood counts. METHODS: Red marrow radiation doses were determined for 30 patients (20 male, 10 female; all without bone marrow or bone involvement; 19 had prior chemotherapy) after receiving (131)I RAIT (activity range, 2.1-8.9 GBq) for treatment of solid cancers known to produce carcinoembryonic antigen. Radiation dose estimates were calculated using 2 different methods of red marrow cumulated activity and red marrow-to-blood activity concentration ratio determinations for 2 dosimetric models: using both male and female and male-only masses and S values. Highest platelet toxicity grade at nadir (PTG), percentage platelet decrease (PPD) in counts, and platelet nadir (PN) counts were measured. FLT3-L levels (pg/mL) were determined by immunoassay before treatment; a normal FLT3-L level was assumed to be 80 pg/mL. The red marrow radiation doses (cGy) were adjusted for the patient's FLT3-L level when the patient's cytokine level exceeded the normal value. Marrow doses and FLT3-L-adjusted marrow doses were correlated with PTG, PPD, PN, and 1/PN. Administered activity, administered activity per unit body weight, and total body radiation dose were also correlated with these hematologic toxicity measures. RESULTS: All red marrow dose calculation schemes resulted in essentially the same correlations for a given hematologic toxicity measure. Poor correlations were observed between administered activity, administered activity per unit body weight, total body radiation dose, or red marrow radiation dose and PTG, PPD, PN, and 1/PN. All correlations improved greatly when the various predictors of toxicity were adjusted for the patient's FLT3-L level. The highest correlation observed was between red marrow dose or total body dose and 1/PN (r = 0.86). Using an unadjusted red marrow dose to predict toxicity >/= grade 3, there were 8 true-positive, but 13 false-positive cases with 9 true-negatives. However, using a FLT3-L-adjusted red marrow dose, there were 8 true-positives, but only 2 false-positives and 20 true-negatives. CONCLUSION: FLT3-L-adjusted red marrow radiation doses provide improved correlation with hematologic toxicity. Thus, elevated FLT3-L plasma levels before RAIT may indicate increased radiosensitivity of the bone marrow, and use of this measurement to adjust calculated red marrow or total body radiation doses may provide significantly better prediction of toxicity than radiation dose alone, leading to a patient-specific administered activity prescription that will deliver radiation doses to diseased tissues sufficient to produce an effective treatment outcome at acceptable toxicity levels.

Blood Platelets↗

PubMed1998

Hemodynamics of ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery and correlation with other factors in patients with primary open angle glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hemodynamics of ophthalmic artery (OA) and central retinal artery (CRA) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) and analyse the correlation between hemodynamics of OA and CRA and other factors. METHODS: The hemodynamics of OA and CRA in normal persons (102 eyes) and glaucomatous patients (102 eyes) were measured by Colour Doppler Image (CDI). The linear correlation analysis was made between OA and CRA about each of the following parameters: the peak systolic flow velocity (Vmax), the end diastolic velocity (Vmin). The multiple stepwise regression analysis was taken to investigate the correlation between each of the following hemodynamics of OA and CRA: Vmax and Vmin in 74 eyes with POAG and each of the following related factors in hemorrheology: whole blood apparent viscosity at low, medium and high shear rate, plasma viscosity and hematocrit. The multiple linear regression was applied to investigate the correlation between each of the following hemodynamics of OA and CRA: Vmax and Vmin in 69 eyes with POAG and each of the following blood vessel filling time: the arm-retinal artery (A-AT) and retinal artery-venous (A-VT) of the fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA). RESULTS: The Vmax, Vmin and time-averaged maximum velocity (Vmean) of OA and CRA in patients with POAG were lower than those in normal persons, but the resistance index (RI) of OA and CRA was higher than those in normal. There was a positive correlation between OA and CRA in Vmin, but a negative correlation between Vmin of OA and plasma viscosity. The whole blood apparent viscosity at low shear rate was clodely related to Vmax and Vmin of CRA. Also there was a negative correlation between Vmax of CRA and A-AT of the FFA. CONCLUSION: There was abnormal hemodynamics, which is influenced by blood viscosity, of OA and CRA in patients with POAG. Abnormal hemodynamics can affect the blood supply to optic disc and retina in POAG.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

PubMed2003

Elevated levels of s-100beta correlate with neurocognitive outcome after cardiac surgery.

AIM: S-100beta is a specific astroglial protein whose serum level increases after cerebral injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between elevated levels of S-100beta and the neurocognitive outcome after cardiac surgery. METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were studied. Serum S-100beta levels were measured on induction of anaesthesia, at the 15(th) minute, at skin closure and on the 1(st) postoperative day. Neurocognitive outcome was evaluated by STAI-T and Zung tests preoperatively and by Mini-mental state examination every postoperative day until discharge. Neurocognitive tests and S-100beta levels were correlated within the scope of risk factors by Pearson correlation. RESULTS: Serum S-100beta was not detected preoperatively. Peak serum S-100beta levels were reached at skin closure in 36 of 50 patients (72%). In 24 hours, serum S-100beta disappeared in 25 patients but was still elevated in 11 (22%). A highly significant correlation was demonstrated between the duration of CPB and peak serum S-100beta levels (r=0.91). There was a weak correlation between age and peak S-100beta levels (r=0.62). Nine patients (18%) had a positive MMSE test which correlated well with persistent high serum S-100 levels (r=0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Serum S-100beta is a promising early biochemical marker for cerebral injury following cardiac surgery within a good correlation with the CPB time, age and especially with neurocognitive tests.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Correlation between chemical composition of biliary calculi and sera of stone formers.

A quantitative chemical analysis of total cholesterol, bilirubin, calcium, inorganic phosphate and iron of three types of biliary calculi (cholesterol, pigment and mixed) of 40 gall stone former was carried out and correlated to with those of there sera. A moderately positive correlation for inorganic phosphate, Ca2+ and Fe2+ content of sera and calculi of cholesterol stone patient was found. A Good positive correlation for total cholesterol, a moderately positive correlation for bilirubin and iron but no correlation for inorganic phosphate and calcium content of sera and calculi of pigment stone patient was observed. A good moderately positive correlation for iron but no correlation for total cholesterol, bilirubin, inorganic phosphate and Ca2+ content of sera and calculi of stone patient was found.

Bilirubin↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between patient satisfaction with complete dentures and denture quality, oral condition, and flow rate of submandibular/sublingual salivary glands.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between patient satisfaction with complete dentures and parameters of denture quality, oral condition, and flow rate of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The parameters were evaluated on 50 denture wearers using semiquantitative scales and a recently described submandibular/sublingual saliva collector. RESULTS: Most patients had a medication-induced reduced salivary flow rate (mean 0.024 mL/min/gland; SD 0.040). Submandibular/sublingual salivary flow rate correlated statistically with six denture satisfaction parameters: maxillary denture retention and comfort, mandibular denture retention and comfort, abilities of chewing, and speech. Residual alveolar ridge resilience, maxillary ridge shape, and denture quality did not significantly correlate with denture satisfaction. Characteristics of musculature correlated significantly only with subjective maxillary denture retention, and mandibular ridge shape correlated with comfort. CONCLUSION: Submandibular/sublingual salivary flow rate is an important factor in denture satisfaction. The retention of the maxillary denture was correlated to the oral musculature characteristics, and the mandibular denture comfort was correlated to the mandibular ridge shape. Denture satisfaction was not affected by other anatomic or denture quality-related parameters.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

[Correlation of leptin and anthropometric parameters during weight reduction therapy in obese children].

At present, obesity is considered one of the major health problems. It is a predisposing factor of several chronic diseases including non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Leptin levels in humans have been found to be highly correlated with total adiposity. We performed statistic analysis in order to identify linkage between leptin levels and anthropometric parameters in a group of 285 Czech obese children (152 girls and 133 boys) aged 7 to 18 years. The children were measured using the standard anthropometric technique according to Martin and Saller [16] at the beginning and end of a five-week therapeutic weight reduction programme. The skin fold thickness at 14 sites was assessed by means of Best calliper. The body composition was evaluated using Matiegka's technique. The leptin levels were investigated on the beginning and end of the reduction programme by direct enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For the evaluation of the grade of obesity, body weight, BMI (body mass index), RI (Rohrer's index), FMI (fat mass index) and normalized body weight, normalized BMI and RI were plotted. Correlation analysis shows relation between leptin concentration and FMI to be the most significant. As to ponderal indexes, normalized RI shows the most significant positive correlation. Leptin concentrations are negatively correlated with the proportion of the weight of skeletal muscles by Matiegka both in girls and boys. Intersexual differences in correlations between leptin concentrations and normalized circumferences are observed, as well as in correlations between leptin and particular skin fold thickness. We also tested relations between the magnitude of leptin decreases and magnitude of decreases of anthropometric parameters. There is a strong endorsement both in girls and boys of positive correlation between decrease of leptin concentration and fat reduction. Interestingly, differences between boys and girls in relations between leptin decrease and change in lean body mass had been observed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Functional correlations between neighboring neurons in the primate globus pallidus are weak or nonexistent.

The anatomical structure of the basal ganglia displays topographical organization and massive funneling of neuronal projections toward the globus pallidus as well as an axonal collateral system within this nucleus. This structure suggests the formation of correlations between the spiking activities of pallidal cells. Nevertheless, previous studies of remote neurons in the pallidum have reported uncorrelated spiking activity. These correlation results may be challenged, because remote pallidal neurons may be located in different pallidal territories. To further test the independence of pallidal activity, we studied the spiking activity of neighboring pairs recorded by the same electrodes. A narrow peak dominated the correlations of all pairs of neurons recorded on the same electrode. This type of peak is classically interpreted as a sign of strong common input. However, recent mathematical analysis shows that such peaks may derive from a technical inability to detect overlapping spikes by spike-sorting techniques. A long-term shallow trough in the correlation of neighboring neurons may also result from the same effect, which we have termed the "shadowing effect." A comparison of the expected shadowing effect with the actual correlations suggests that no real correlations exist between 93.9% of neighboring pallidal pairs. The remaining 6.1% of the pairs display symmetric long-term positive correlations centered on time 0. Thus, functional interactions between neighboring pallidal neurons do not display any significant differences from the interactions between physically remote neurons in this brain area. Moreover, the combination of anatomical data and current physiological results suggests an active decorrelating process performed in the basal ganglia.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1991

[The correlation between the level of prostate-specific antigen and prostate gland volume in the early diagnosis of prostatic cancer].

One hundred and eighty six patients (Pts) presenting with either an abnormal per rectum examination (P.R. suggestive of prostatic cancer (P.Ca) (excluding stage T3) or a prostatic specific antigen (P.S.A.) level greater than or equal to 2.5 ng/ml (radioimmunoassay) were submitted to transrectal ultrasonography (T.R.U.) using a 7 MHz transducer. The prostatic volume (Vol.P) was systematically calculated during T.R.U. and correlated with the P.S.A. level. Six systematic multiple ultrasound-guided biopsies (S.M.U.B.) were performed in the 2 prostatic lobes (3 per lobe) regardless of the result of T.R.U. In the 111 patients in whom the S.M.U.B. were negative, a highly significant correlation (p < 0.001) was observed between the serum P.S.A. level (y) and the prostatic volume (Vol.P): y = (4.13 +/- 0.15 Vol.P) +/- 8.43. In the 75 Pts with P.Ca, the P.S.A./Vol.P correlation was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the straight line of regression with the previous standard deviation. A similar difference in correlation (p < 0.05) was observed in the sub-group of 14 Pts with P.Ca despite normal P.R. and T.R.U. These results suggest: 1) that there is a correlation between the Vol.P measured by T.R.U. and the P.S.A. level in patients with negative S.M.U.B. 2) that the absence of correlation is highly suspicious of P.Ca and requires S.M.U.B. 3) that there is a 15% incidence of P.Ca in the sub-group of Pts with normal P.R. and T.R.U. which are only detected by the raised P.S.A. not correlated with the volume of the prostate.

Biopsy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Exploratory activity and a conditioned fear response: correlation with cortical and subcortical binding of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor agonist [3H]-epibatidine.

Rat behavior in the open field and the conditioned fear response test was correlated with specific binding of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, [3H]-pibatidine, assayed in different brain structures by autoradiography. A significant positive correlation was found between the ligand binding in the frontal cortex (r = 0.529, p < 0.011), the entorhinal cortex (r = 0.603, p < 0.003), and CA1 layer of the hippocampus (r = 0.465, p < 0.029), and the conditioned freezing reaction in the contextual fear conditioning test. In the frontal cortex, there was also a significant positive correlation between [3H]-epibatidine binding and preconditioned freezing reaction (r = 0.469, p < 0.028), and a negative correlation with rat motility (r = -0.452, p < 0.035). Rat motor activity correlated in a negative way with preconditioned freezing reaction (r = -0.436, p < 0.043), and in a positive way with the number of entries into the central sector of the open field (r = 0.690, p < 0.001). The neophobia-related parameter of the open field behavior (the number of central entries) did not correlate with the [3H]-epibatidine binding. Factor analysis confirmed these findings and showed that rat behavioral parameters measured in the tests of neophobia and conditioned freezing were loading on different factors, thus, pointing to separate central mechanisms operating in both behavioral models of anxiety. Furthermore, factor analysis showed that rat conditioned freezing behavior and [3H]-epibatidine binding in the CA1 layer of the hippocampus and enorhinal cortex, represented similar central processes. These findings suggest that rat emotional reactions evoked by different stressors (neophobia vs. conditioned fear) are differently regulated by the central cholinergic system. The presented data indicate also a significant, structure dependent correlation between rat conditioned emotional reaction and the alpha4beta2 nAChR ligand binding, in the rat cortical forebrain structures.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Analysis of correlation between parameters of sperm chromatin structure assay and semen routine analysis].

OBJECTIVES: To analysis the correlation between parameters of sperm chromatin structure assay(SCSA) and semen routine analysis, and to discuss the reliable methods of semen quality evaluation. METHODS: Five hundred and eleven semen samples were detected to analyse the mutiple-parameter correlation between results of SCSA (COMP alpha t) and semen routine analysis. RESULTS: The parameters that have low-level positive correlation(r: 0.10-0.30) with denatured sperm percentage(COMP alpha t) were viscosity, ejaculation interval, abnormal sperm ratio, concentration of grade c sperm; those having low-level negative correlation(r: -0.30(-)-0.10) were VDL, VSL and VAP; those having mid-level positive correlation (r: 0.30-0.70) were sperm concentration, percentage of grade d sperm; those having mid-level negative correlation (r: -0.70(-)-0.30) were MAD, percentage of grade a sperm and survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: Flow cytometry can be used to evaluate the percentage of denatured or injured sperm rapidly, correctly and simply. The result (COMP alpha t) correlates partly with semen parameters, and it is not a conclusively parameter compared with routine semen analysis. It is important to use SCSA to evaluate productivity under the above situation.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Correlation between preoperative magnetic resonance spectroscopic data on high grade gliomas and morphology of Ki-67-positive tumor cell nuclei.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate possible statistical correlations between metabolic data from preoperative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) and morphology of proliferating tumor cell nuclei in anaplastic gliomas and glioblastomas. STUDY DESIGN: Ki-67-positive tumor cell nuclei in paraffin sections of surgical specimens from 36 patients (7 anaplastic gliomas, World Health Organization grade 3; 29 glioblastomas, World Health Organization grade 4) were investigated by means of a digital image analysis system. Stringent inclusion criteria were formulated for all cases with respect to histologic quality and spectroscopic examination. As morphometric variables, nuclear area, shape variables (roundness factor, size-invariate Fourier amplitudes) and density of Ki-67-positive tumor cell nuclei per reference area were determined. RESULTS: Correlation analysis according to Spearman revealed a significant positive correlation between the total creatine (TCR) peak and nuclear area (P = .005). This correlation was also found within the glioblastoma group (P = .019). There was also a significant negative correlation of nuclear area with the ratio between choline and TCR in all cases (P = .014) and within the glioblastoma group (P = .046). No significant correlation of spectroscopic data was found with nuclear shape or density of Ki-67-positive tumor cell nuclei. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate a correlation between spectroscopic data and morphology of proliferating tumor cell nuclei (nuclear size) in high grade gliomas. This study is part of a detailed investigation of the interrelationship between preoperative 1HMRS and quantitative histomorphology of gliomas.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chromosomal imbalance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: 3q gain correlates with tumor progression but not prognostic significance.

DNA copy number changes were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in 53 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) to clarify the relationship between DNA sequence copy number aberrations and clinicopathological factors. Changes in DNA copy number were observed in all 53 ESCC patients. The average number of DNA copy number gains was 9.32 (range 1-23), most frequently located on chromosomes 3q, 5p, 8q, 11q and Xq in over 40% of tumors. Loss of DNA copy number was detected on 3p, 5q, 4p, 1p and Xp in over 20% of tumors. No statistically significant differences in the frequency of DNA copy number changes were observed. However, some loci showed correlation with clinicopathologic factors: 8q gain correlated with the pattern of tumor infiltration, 3q gain correlated with pT, 2p gain, 1p loss and 16p loss correlated with lymphatic invasion, and 3q gain correlated with clinical stage. Thus, in ESCC, gain of 3q is the only specific recurrent pattern of DNA aberration that correlates with clinicopathologic parameters, although no particular loci correlated with patient prognosis. Further CGH analysis may reveal new, recurrent genetic changes in ESCC affecting chromosomes sites that harbor genes known to participate in tumorigenesis and progression of several human malignant neoplasms.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[Analysis of factors correlated to death and reinfarction in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictors of death and reinfarction in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with urokinase (UK) thrombolysis or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). METHODS: In ambispective cohort study, 97 cases of AMI were treated with UK thrombolytic therapy, while 93 cases of AMI were treated with PTCA. The patients' data about clinical outcome during hospital and follow-up periods were collected. Death and reinfarction were defined as adverse event. To analyze the correlative factors and independent predictors of death and reinfarction, the spearman rank correlation and multivariate logistic regression modeling were performed. RESULTS: During hospital,incidences of adverse event were 15.46 percent and 6.45 percent in UK and PTCA groups respectively. In follow-up period, they were 30.93 percent and 9.68 percent respectively. Age, Q wave leads, Kill ip class, heart failure in hospital, the history of hypertension and myocardial infarction were positive correlation with adverse event, whereas history of smoking, systolic blood pressure and ejection fraction (EF) showed negative correlation with the adverse event. The interventional therapy, associated with lower mortality and reinfarction rate, was the independent predictor for adverse event in UK and PTCA groups during hospital and follow-up periods. Furthermore, it was the only independent predictor for PTCA group. In UK group, the adverse event also was independently predicted by age, heart failure and Q wave leads in hospital and by age, heart failure during follow-up period. There was negative correlation between preinfarction angina and adverse event, and positive correlation between thrombolysis and adverse event inpatients undergone rescue PTCA. CONCLUSION: Interventional therapy is crucial independent predictor for adverse event of patients suffering from AMI. The adverse event is also predicted by age, Q wave leads and heart failure. The history of preinfarction angina is negative correlation with the adverse event in hospital, due to, maybe, myocardium ischemia preconditioning.

Angina, Unstable↗

PubMed1992

Correlations of body mass index of adult adoptees and their biological and adoptive relatives.

Adult family members resemble each other in body mass index (weight/height2). Our aim was to assess the extent to which the genetic relationship can account for the resemblance in natural families. We estimated the correlations in body mass index between adult adoptees, their adoptive parents, and their biological parents and siblings and compared the correlations to those between the biological relatives. Height, current weight, and greatest ever weight were obtained for 3651 adoptees. Groups representing thin, medium weight, overweight and obese subjects were selected by current body mass index (n = 540) and similarly selected by maximum body mass index (n = 524). The heights and weights of their biological and adoptive family members were assessed. The correlation in current body mass index between the adoptees and biological mothers, fathers, and full siblings were 0.15, 0.11, and 0.23, respectively (all P less than 0.001). These correlations were compatible with those found among the biological relatives living together. The correlations exhibited no consistent gender-related pattern. There was no correlation in body mass index between the adoptees and their adoptive parents. Similar results were obtained for maximum body mass index. Moreover, the correlations between the adoptees and their biological relatives are very similar to those found in large population studies of natural families. This study suggests that the genetic relationship fully accounts for the familial resemblance in body mass index among adults.

Adoption↗

PubMed1992

The role of adrenergic receptors in the initiation of vomiting and its gastrointestinal motor correlates.

We investigated the role of adrenergic receptors in the mechanisms of initiation of vomiting and its gastrointestinal (GI) motor correlates. The effects of clonidine, UK-14304, St-91, naphazoline, phenylephrine and isoproterenol were examined for their ability to initiate vomiting and its GI motor correlates. Only the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists UK-14304, clonidine, St-91 and naphazoline activated vomiting and its GI motor correlates. Tolerance of vomiting, but not its GI motor correlates, readily developed to all alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists but St-91. The responses to UK-14304 or clonidine were blocked by idazoxan, yohimbine, clonidine tolerance or high doses of phenoxybenzamine, but not by propranolol or prazosin. The responses to UK-14304 or clonidine were also blocked by fentanyl, 1-(1-naphthyl) piperazine, methysergide, SCH 22390 or scopolamine, but not by haloperidol, sulpiride, domperidone or naloxone. Adrenoceptor antagonists, clonidine tolerance or sympathetic blockade did not block vomiting or its GI motor correlates activated by apomorphine, CuSO4 or cholecystokinin-octapeptide. We concluded that alpha-2 adrenergic receptors of the chemoreceptive trigger zone can initiate vomiting and its GI motor correlates, but these receptors do not mediate vomiting induced by another chemoreceptive trigger zone stimulant, apomorphine, or stimulation of the GI tract using CuSO4. However, 5-hydroxytryptamine-2 serotonergic, muscarinic cholinergic and opiate receptors within the central nervous system participate in controlling emesis activated by alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. Peripheral adrenergic receptors do not mediate the GI motor correlates of vomiting.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗

PubMed2003

Correlation of early dynamic CT perfusion imaging with whole-brain MR diffusion and perfusion imaging in acute hemispheric stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Compared with MR imaging, dynamic CT perfusion imaging covers only a fraction of the whole brain. An important assumption is that CT perfusion abnormalities correlate with total ischemic volume. The purpose of our study was to measure the degree of correlation between abnormalities seen on CT perfusion scans and the volumes of abnormality seen on MR diffusion and perfusion images in patients with acute large-vessel stroke. METHODS: Fourteen patients with acute hemispheric stroke symptoms less than 12 hours in duration were studied with single-slice CT perfusion imaging and multislice MR diffusion and perfusion imaging. CT and MR perfusion studies were completed within 2.5 hours of one another (mean, 77 minutes) and were reviewed independently by two neuroradiologists. Hemodynamic parameters included cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT). Extents of abnormality on images were compared by using Kendall correlation. RESULTS: Statistically significant correlation was found between CT-CBF and MR-CBF abnormalities (tau = 0.60, P =.003) and CT-MTT and MR-MTT abnormalities (tau = 0.65, P =.001). Correlation of CT-CBV with MR-CBV approached significance (tau = 0.39, P =.06). Extent of initial hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted images correlated best with extent of MR-CBV abnormality (tau = 0.69, P =.001), extent of MR-MTT abnormality (tau = 0.67, P =.002), and extent of CT-CBV abnormality (tau = 0.47, P =.02). CONCLUSION: Good correlation was seen between CT and MR for CBF and MTT abnormalities. It remains uncertain whether CT perfusion CBV abnormalities correspond well to whole-brain abnormalities.

Acute Disease↗