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Results for “Behavioral problems”

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PubMed2003

[Role of androgens in externalizing behavior problems in adolescents].

OBJECTIVE: While an association between androgens and different types of aggression has been well documented in male offenders, the influence of androgens on externalizing behavior in adolescents at risk for antisocial behavior has not been investigated so far. METHODS: Plasma levels of the main androgen metabolites testosterone (T) and 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured in N = 119 14-year-olds (51 boys, 68 girls) from a prospective longitudinal study of children at risk. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Youth Self Report Form (YSR) were used to assess externalizing behavior at age 14. RESULTS: The CBCL revealed significant positive correlations between DHT levels and the subscales "externalizing problems" and the problem scales "aggressive behavior" and "delinquent behavior" in male adolescents. Only the YSR subscale "delinquent behavior" exhibited a marginally significant association with DHT. Neither scale showed any significant correlations between androgen levels and externalizing behavior in female adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Earlier findings of androgen effects on aggressive and antisocial behavior in male offenders were confirmed for male adolescents from a general population sample. The results stress the importance of the androgen metabolite DHT.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Family life events and behavioral problems in preschool-aged children.

The relationship between family life events and rates of maternal reports of child behavior and child rearing problems was studied in a birth cohort of 1,265 New Zealand preschool-aged children. Mothers experiencing a large number of life events reported higher rates of child rearing problems. The correlation between family life events and child rearing problems persisted when a number of statistical measures of family and social background were taken into account. Possible explanations for the relationship between family life events and maternal reports of child rearing problems are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia: developmental sequencing and specificity of problem behavior.

Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia were explored for 148 boys seen in child guidance clinics prior to the onset of adolescent or adult disorders. Those most disturbed in childhood were more likely to be preschizophrenic, and their disturbed behavior was relatively specific to that grouping. Childhood problems with motor coordination and attention were associated with impulsive, inappropriate behavior which led to peer rejection followed by increasing seclusiveness. Clinical grouping of the most disturbed boys produced composite descriptions for four groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

When adolescents disagree with others about their symptoms: differences in attachment organization as an explanation of discrepancies between adolescent, parent, and peer reports of behavior problems.

This study examined whether attachment theory could be used to shed light on the often high degree of discordance between self- and observer ratings of behavioral functioning and symptomatology. Interview-based assessments of attachment organization, using the Adult Attachment Interview, were examined as predictors of the lack of agreement between self- and other reports of behavioral and emotional problems among 176 moderately at-risk adolescents. Lack of agreement was measured in terms of concordance of adolescent and parent or close friend report on equivalent measures of behavioral and emotional adjustment. Insecure-dismissing attachment was linked to less agreement in absolute terms between self- and mother reports of externalizing symptoms, and between adolescent and close friend reports of behavioral conduct. Insecure-preoccupied attachment was associated with higher levels of adolescent reporting of internalizing and externalizing symptoms relative to parent reports of adolescent symptomatology. The findings suggest that attachment organization may be one factor that accounts for individual differences in the degree of discordance between self- and other reports of symptoms in adolescence.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Daily marijuana use and problem behaviors among adolescents.

Previous research by Johnston has shown that high school seniors who are daily marijuana users are distinct from the larger population of seniors in a variety of ways. This paper focuses on adolescent daily marijuana users. It replicates Johnston's work and also qualifies it in an important way. We find that level of marijuana use does not make a significant independent contribution to school problems when such critical factors as lifetime cigarette smoking, lifetime multiple drug use, whether respondent has ever used an illicit drug, rebelliousness, and gender, are taken into account. It is concluded that use of marijuana is only one element in a large and complex picture of interrelated problems and behaviors.

Achievement↗

PubMed2003

The normative development of child and adolescent problem behavior.

The aim of this study was to identify normative developmental trajectories of parent-reported problems assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; T. M. Achenbach, 1991) in a representative sample of 2,076 children aged 4 to 18 years from the general population. The trajectories were determined by multilevel growth curve analyses on the CBCL syndromes in a Longitudinal multiple birth-cohort sample that was assessed 5 times with 2-year intervals. Most syndromes showed a linear increase or decrease with age or a curvilinear trajectory, except for thought problems. Trajectories for most syndromes differed for boys versus girls, except those for withdrawn, social problems, and thought problems. These normative developmental trajectories provide information against which developmental deviance in childhood and adolescence can be detected.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Conflict resolution style as an indicator of adolescents' substance use and other problem behaviors.

Reports of violence in schools across the nation prompted us to investigate how adolescents resolve conflicts among themselves. We hypothesized that adolescents who act out at school ("problem students") do so because they have acquired maladaptive conflict resolution styles compared to students who do not manifest conduct problems at school ("nonproblem students"). We further hypothesized that inappropriate conflict resolution skills would be associated with a variety of other maladaptive behaviors. Sixty-one adolescents from a public high school (31 problem and 30 nonproblem students) participated in this study. Based on the dual concern model of conflict resolution, four interpersonal conflict resolution styles were assessed via self-report and videotaped behavioral enactment: cooperation, contentiousness, accommodation, and avoidance. Findings indicated that the problem adolescents were less cooperative and more contentious in conflict situations with peers. Maladaptive conflict resolution styles were associated with a range of externalizing behaviors including fighting, cigarette smoking, drinking, and marijuana use as well as low academic achievement. This study supports a role for conflict resolution style in studies of adolescent problem behavior and makes recommendations for the design of school-based prevention programs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Behavioral problems associated with dementia: diagnosis and treatment.

The more common behavioral disturbances associated with dementia in elderly patients include depression, psychosis, and agitation. Diagnosis of the underlying cause of these behavioral disturbances begins with a careful investigation of possible medical or toxic disturbances, followed by a careful diagnostic assessment for co-morbid psychiatric syndromes. Treatment of the psychiatric syndromes is often beneficial to the demented patient, improving functional status and reducing the potential for additional morbidity. Patients receiving psychoactive drugs require close monitoring for side effects.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

The association of sexual risk behaviors and problem drug behaviors in high school students.

PURPOSE: To examine the associations among early age of onset of sexual intercourse and drug use, lifetime and current problem drug behaviors, and sexual risk behaviors. METHODS: The 1993 Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey was administered to a sample of 3,054 students from randomly selected high schools and classrooms; 36% (1,078) consistently reported having had sexual intercourse. Three indicators of sexual risk behaviors were assessed: (1) number of lifetime sexual partners, (2) number of recent partners, and (3) condom nonuse at last intercourse. Three sets of independent variables were analyzed: (1) age of onset of sexual intercourse and drug use, (2) lifetime drug use, and (3) recent drug use. RESULTS: Years of sexual intercourse, early age of onset of marijuana and cocaine use, lifetime frequency of marijuana, crack/freebase cocaine and alcohol use, and black race accounted for moderate amounts of the variation in the number of lifetime sexual partners. Years of sexual intercourse, early age of onset of marijuana use and cocaine use, lifetime frequency of crack/freebase and marijuana use, and recent use of cocaine, alcohol, and cigarettes accounted for smaller but significant amounts of the variation in the number of recent partners. Students more likely to report recent condom nonuse were older, females, had more years of sexual intercourse, had tried cocaine at a younger age, had used marijuana and cocaine more times (lifetime), and had more frequent recent use of marijuana. CONCLUSION: Increased frequency and severity of drug use behaviors and more years of sexual intercourse are associated with an increased number of sexual partners and recent condom nonuse. These findings may guide history-taking and referral practices of health care providers. Programs designed to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy should address drug use as well as sexual behavior.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Functional analysis of problem behavior in children with mental retardation.

Pediatric nurses are frequently asked to give advice on behavior management. This can become considerably more difficult when the child in question has limited cognitive abilities and communication skills. It is especially complex when the behavior in question involves self-injury or aggression. Frequently used behavior modification strategies such as time-out may actually reinforce the inappropriate behavior in these children by allowing them to escape from an aversive task. Likewise, other common behavior management strategies such as discussion, saying "no," or yelling at the child, may reinforce the inappropriate behavior by providing attention for it. It is sometimes difficult to identify the antecedents of self-injurious or aggressive behavior, making appropriate behavior management plans elusive. However, functional analysis can be used to identify the functions that serve to maintain a child's inappropriate behavior, and may provide a basis for developing and implementing an individualized behavior management plan. The possibility that discomfort from an untreated or undertreated physiologic problem is exacerbating the behavior should not be overlooked.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed1971