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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Applicability of ultrasound in ocular tumors in children and adolescents.

PURPOSE: Evaluation of the applicability of ultrasound in children diagnosed for neoplasm of the eye. Evaluation of Doppler ultrasound in visualizing blood vessels within the lesion in eye ball, eye socket and eye lids. Establishing the value of the obtained data concerning the image of vessels and blood flow for the diagnosis, monitoring the course of disease and results of treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 80 patients diagnosed and treated for neoplasm of the eye. The study group included 48 girls and 32 boys aged 2 weeks to 18 years. All the patients were subject to full ophthalmologic examination, ultrasound and other imaging techniques. RESULTS: Echogenicity of lesions, focality of growth and the comparison of echostructure did not allow for establishing the degree of malignancy. The presence of vessels in tumor mass and blood flow in tumors were useful for differentiation between malignant and benign tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound methods used significantly improve diagnostic possibilities in orbital tumors in children. The obtained pictures of vessels and flow character are typical for some tumors, which together with histopathology of tumors enables establishing of correct diagnosis. CD/PD ultrasound is helpful in monitoring treatment of selected orbital tumors, enables evaluation of biological evolution of capillary hemangioma and assessment of vascularization degree of tumors treated with chemo- and radiotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Worthy heir or treacherous patricide? Konrad Lorenz and Jakob v. Uexküll.

The biologist Jakob v. Uexküll is often seen as the preceptor of modern behavioral theory, who lastingly influenced Konrad Lorenz in particular. Nevertheless, Uexküll has been highly inadequately received by the school Lorenz founded. This neglect of Uexküll's works resulted because Lorenz and Uexküll came into contact at a time when the biological sciences were sundered by a deep ideological division. On the one side stood the Darwin-rejecting Neo-Vitalists (for example Uexküll), on the other side were the Neo-Darwinists (for example Lorenz). After Vitalism was overcome as a consequence of the Evolutionary Synthesis, Darwinists who had taken an intermittent interest in Vitalists and their theories could now only distance themselves completely from earlier ideas. This went not only for biologists and behavioral researchers, but also for medical scientists. The emancipation from the starting points of their own science was so complete that, even decades later, when the earlier debates about Mechanism and Vitalism were long since historically outdated, behavioral research never investigated its own history.

Austria↗
PubMed2005

Chance, explanation, and causation in evolutionary theory.

Chance comes into plays at many levels of the explanation of the evolutionary process; but the unity of sense of this category is problematic. The purpose of this talk is to clarify the meaning of chance at various levels in evolutionary theory: mutations, genetic drift, genetic revolutions, ecosystems, macroevolution. Three main concepts of chance are found at these various levels: luck (popular concept), randomness (probabilistic concept), and contingency relative to a given theoretical system (epistemological concept). After identifying which concept(s) of chance fit(s) with these levels, the question is raised whether these concepts can be reduced to a smaller number, and whether chance in evolutionary theory has a subjective or an objective sense.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed2007

A mission to convert.

Primarily a review of Richard Dawkins' book, The God delusion (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006).

Biological Evolution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Competition of isogenic haploid and diploid cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pinus growing in mixed populations].

During "quasi-continuous" cultivation in rich and minimal media diploid yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae completely displace isogenic haploid ones. When Pichia pinus are cultivated in the minimal medium, the diploids also have an advantage over isogenic haploids. The results are discussed within the framework of the hypothesis of fixation of diploid phase in the course of biological evolution.

Diploidy↗
PubMed1991

Role of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors in the treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma.

Everything we know about the biology of the prostate supports the concept that DHT is the obligate androgen responsible for normal and hyperplastic growth. Whether this selectivity is maintained during malignant transformation is unknown. The consistent emergence of androgen-insensitive disease highlights the spectrum of biologic evolution this cancer is capable of. If the tumor is dependent only on DHT for neoplastic growth, the unique characteristics of a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor offer several potential actions that warrant a systematic evaluation.

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1991

[A follow-up during the first year of life of newborn infants with very low weight at birth].

Groups of low-weight neonates, especially those under 1,500 g, discharged from the Intensive Care Unit, have a greater frequency of having psychoneurologic, audiologic, language and ophthalmologic scars in comparison with those neonates who suffered no complications. These frequencies vary considerably depending on different authors, the type of sequela and the duration of the follow-up. It is difficult to identify early on, which of these children will be affected in his later development. The currently used prognostic indexes have shown the importance of combining the child's psychoneurologic and biologic evolution as well as his surrounding environmental factors. Thirty-eight newborns were studied. Each weighted 1,500 g or less and were discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. All of the patients were subsequently evaluated by specialists in Neurology, Psychology, Social Communication, Neuromotor Rehabilitation and Ophthalmology at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age (37 weeks) and included in a study conducted by the Program for Pediatric Follow-up at the National Institute of Perinatology. In general, the number of abnormalities found in each of the specialties during the first months of life was notorious, which later decreased as the child got older. For example, Neurology found abnormalities at 3 months in a proportion of 0.61 and at 12 months, it decreased to 0.19 (P less than 0.001). During neuromotor stimulation something similar was seen at three months a proportion of 0.39 abnormalities were recorded while at 12 months this decreased to 0.18. The human communication tests showed a proportion of 0.32 at 3 months and 0.10 at 12 months (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1977

[Pulmonary complications of esophagectomy for carcinoma of the middle third of the esophagus].

The authors studied 20 patients undergoing operation for a carcinoma of the middle third of the oesophagus during the period January 1972 to April 1975. Postoperative pulmonary complications are extremely common in such patients. All the patients had pulmonary function study results which were compatible with this type of surgery. All underwent resection with oesophagogastric anastomosis via a left thoracophrenolaparotomy. Of the 20 patients, 14 suffered from one or more episodes of acute respiratory insufficiency, some related to pneumonia. On the basis of various associated clinical, radiological, biological, evolutive and histopathological criteria, five types of pulmonary complication were distinguished: 1-Shock lung; 2-Infective pneumonia; 3-Traumatic pulmonary disease; 4-Acute cor pulmonale; 5-Lung disease of undetermined origin. Twelve patients died as a result of pulmonary complications, 11 early (before the 16th day). One patient only died as a result of rupture of the oesophagogastric anastomosis.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

[Anti-keratin antibodies. A marker of progressive rheumatoid arthritis].

Anti-keratin antibodies have been detected by indirect immunofluorescence on rats esophageal sections in 122 rheumatoid polyarthritis, 100 seropositive and 22 seronegative. The frequency of anti-keratin antibodies is 58 p. cent in seropositive rheumatoid polyarthritis and 41 p. cent in seronegative rheumatoid polyarthritis. Anti-keratin antibodies have a very good specificity (96 p. cent) for rheumatoid polyarthritis since in a group of 105 controls, only 4 sera were found to have a low titre of anti-keratin antibodies (1 ankylosing spondyloarthritis, 2 sclerodermis, 1 healthy subject). The mean titre of antikeratin antibodies is higher in seropositive rheumatoid polyarthritis than in seronegative rheumatoid polyarthritis. Within seropositive rheumatoid polyarthritis, the titre of anti-keratin antibodies is correlated with the titre of rheumatoid factors determined by the latex test (r' = 0.464, p less than 0.01). The presence of anti-keratin antibodies is correlated with the degree of functional handicap evaluated by the functional index of Steinbrocker (p less than 0.02) and with the biological evolution evaluated by the sedimentation rate (p less than 0.001). No correlation was found with accidents of intolerance to fundamental treatments (gold salts, D-penicillamine), especially skin diseases. Anti-keratin antibodies represent therefore a diagnostic marker for seropositive rheumatoid polyarthritis as well as seronegative ones and an evolutive marker of seropositive rheumatoid polyarthritis.

Adult↗