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PubMed2004

Influence of online formative assessment upon student learning in biomedical science courses.

Research suggests that high-quality formative assessment has a strongly positive effect upon student learning. Unfortunately, formative assessment does not appear to be frequently used in didactic dental curricula. Our hypothesis was that providing students with practice online exam questions would enable those who voluntarily took the exam to perform better on subsequent summative exams than did students who did not utilize this opportunity. A test bank of exam questions was written for dental students enrolled in two different biomedical science courses. Half the questions were arbitrarily assigned to an electronic test site; the other half were used as a written summative classroom exam taken later. Students who took the online formative exam in the first semester course scored 8.8 percent higher on the summative exam than did those who did not take the practice exam. This represents almost a full letter grade higher for the formative exam-takers. Students who took the formative online exam in the second semester course scored 5.2 percent higher on the summative exam than did the non-takers. Both of these differences were statistically significant. Under these experimental circumstances, providing formative online exams appeared to promote student performance as reflected by higher scores on the summative exams.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed2003

[Gassendi's concept of seeds between matter theories and life sciences in the 17th century].

Gassendi's theory of molecules as seeds is not a simple adaptation of the Lucretian idea of semina rerum. It is also strongly influenced by the Renaissance concept of seeds, stemming from Marsilio Ficino's Neoplatonic metaphysical cosmology and developed in Paracelsian natural philosophy. Examining its historical context and its chemical and biological dimensions, the present study reveals the very source of his idea.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed2005

The case of the missing third.

How is it that form arises out of chaos? In attempting to deal with this primary question, time and again a "Missing Third" is posited that lies between extremes. The problem of the "Missing Third" can be traced through nearly the entire history of thought. The form it takes, the problems that arise from it, the solutions suggested for resolving it, are each representative of an age. This paper traces the issue from Plato and Parmenides in the 4th--5th centuries, B.C.; to Neoplatonism in the 3rd--5th centuries; to Locke and Descartes in the 17th century; on to Berkeley and Kant in the 18th century; Fechner and Wundt in the 19th century; to behaviorism and Gestalt psychology, Jung, early in the 20th century, ethology and cybernetics later in the 20th century, then culminates late in the 20th century, with chaos theory.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Application of atomic force microscope in life science research].

OBJECTIVE: Atomic force microscope (AFM) is one of the most recent imaging and manipulation techniques in biological science. Among its various merits, AFM typically enables simple sample preparation, acquisition of three-dimensional images to identify single atoms under different conditions, detection of the interactive forces between two single biomolecules and their manipulation. AFM is currently applied in the research of the structure and function, at the nanometric scale, of various tissues, cells, microbes and biomolecules, and studies of the interaction between two biomolecules as well as the manipulation of some biological processes. AFM possesses the potential to become an important instrument in life science research, in spite of its current limits that require improvements such as in carbon nanotube tip, rigidity of soft biological samples and result interpretation.

Biological Science Disciplines↗