PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “COMPENSATION AND INSURANCE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The position of intellectual property rights in drug discovery and development from natural products.

Some practical working definitions and perspectives are offered here as to "intellectual property' (IP) and "intellectual property rights' (IPR), particularly as they may pertain to the essential contributions of the parties to an international cooperation or collaboration in drug discovery and development from natural products. Existing and new intellectual properties are examined particularly in respect to feasible ways in which they may be appropriately recognized and protected. It is further illustrated how such suitable recognition and protection may provide the basis to insure fair and appropriate compensation for contributions of existing intellectual property essential for the creation of new intellectual property. The importance of an adequate mutual understanding, and shared realistic perspective, of the overall process and probability of outcome of any given drug discovery and development venture, is emphasized.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2026

Civil liability in oral & maxillofacial surgery: Α systematic review.

Maxillofacial surgery is a surgical specialty with anatomical, functional, and aesthetic requirements, which makes it a field at increased risk of medical negligence and subsequent legal claims. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and used international medical and legal databases. Studies that analyzed court decisions, insurance claims, or recorded compensation data related to maxillofacial surgery were included. The extracted data included, among others, the year and country of publication, the causes of action, and the amounts of financial compensation. Most lawsuits originate from countries with developed medical liability systems, primarily the United States and the United Kingdom, and there has been an increasing trend in publications over the last two decades. The most common causes of lawsuits involve nerve injuries, delayed or incorrect diagnoses, technical errors during surgery, and inadequate informed consent. The amounts of compensation vary widely, from lower five-digit amounts in milder cases to particularly high amounts in cases of permanent functional or aesthetic damage, placing a significant overall financial burden on health systems. Medical negligence in maxillofacial surgery constitutes an important forensic and socioeconomic issue. Understanding the causes of lawsuits and their financial consequences can help improve clinical practice, inform patients, and prevent legal disputes.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

The family as producer of health--an extended Grossman model.

Deriving a model, where each family member is the producer of his own and other family members' health, shows that the family will not try to equalise marginal benefits and marginal costs of health capital for each family member. They will rather invest in health until the rate of marginal consumption benefits equals the rate of marginal net effective costs of health capital. The level of compensation in the social insurance system, the effective price of care, health related information, and transfer payments will all affect the production possibility set, and therefore the optimal level and distribution of family health.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1997

The effects of the cultural context of health care on treatment of and response to chronic pain and illness.

Qualitative data from two studies in Puerto Rico and New England are used to show how cultural values, standards and beliefs in different health care contexts affect (1) health care professionals' responses to patients' problems, (2) the relationships between providers and patients, and (3) the patients' responses to chronic pain and illness. Influencing elements in the care setting include the world view of the relationship of mind and body in illness processes, the dominant values and standards regarding pain and illness behaviors and the degree of cooperation between the providers and other agencies the patient depends on for compensation, rehabilitation and health insurance. In the New England study, the biomedical world view of mind-body dualism was shared by providers and most patients, but this shared belief often contributed to substantial patient stress and alienation. In contrast, in the Puerto Rican study providers and patients often shared a view of mind-body integration in illness and valued treatments which addressed chronic pain as a biopsychosocial experience. In this setting, shared views and values contributed to more supportive patient-provider relationships, and patients thus experienced less treatment-related stress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Medical knowledge and the intractable patient: the case of chronic low back pain.

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is endemic in Western societies, and while a good deal of attention has been paid to the lay experience of such pain, much less sociological attention has been paid to the way in which medical ideas about it have been formulated. This paper takes the latter course, tracing the development of clinical notions about the relationship between pathological signs and expressed symptoms from the 1820's to the 1930's, and then placing these developments in the context of postwar notions of 'somatization'. We point to the extent to which the disparity between expressed symptoms, pathological signs and perceived disability in CLBP has led to the moral character of the sufferer forming a constant subtext to medical discourse about the condition. We also note the extent to which medical ideas themselves have been constructed in intimate linkage with socio-legal questions of compensation and worker's insurance.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1987

Vocational rehabilitation with the industrially injured worker.

The field of vocational rehabilitation has broadened beyond the traditional federal-state model into the private sector primarily through funding by the insurance industry via workers' compensation coverage. Most disabilities encountered by private vocational rehabilitationists are musculoskeletal injuries resulting from traumatic industrial accidents rather than congenital disabilities most often seen by the state's Department of Vocational Rehabilitation. In many cases reduction in physical tolerances, extremity use, and/or chronic pain results in the industrially injured worker not being released by the attending physician for return to work in the previous occupation. To be effective, private vocational rehabilitationists working with the industrially injured worker must have a working knowledge of residual tolerances associated with various disabilities, as well as knowledge of legal parameters of the vocational workers' compensation law for each state worked in. In addition, the ability to communicate effectively with attending physicians, attorneys, claims examiners, occupational and physical therapists, and rehabilitation nurses is concomitant with successful positive movement in the vocational rehabilitation process. As with federal and state vocational rehabilitation counselors, the ability to assess transferability of past work skills and current aptitudes is paramount in determining transferability of work skills to alternate occupations. Finally, growing networking between rehabilitation nurses, therapists, physicians, and vocational rehabilitationists is needed to improve the injured worker's ability to maximize his or her physical tolerances in viewing return to work in a position as close as possible to that performed at the time of injury.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predicting outcomes of transforaminal epidural injections for sciatica.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Previous studies on epidural injections have focused on efficacy and have not evaluated factors predicting outcomes of epidural injections. PURPOSE: To determine which patient factors are associated with transforaminal epidural injection outcomes for sciatica. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study design at a university spine center. PATIENT SAMPLE: Consecutive patients with sciatica who have had an electromyography study and a transforaminal epidural injection between January 1999 and July 2001. OUTCOME VARIABLE: The outcome variable was a composite score of the patients' pain severity and medication use compared with their initial visit. Independent variables included demographics, previous back surgery, pain severity at initial presentation, pain medication use at initial presentation, litigation, having Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or workers' compensation, electromyography results. METHODS: Medical information was gathered on the variables listed above. RESULTS: Seventy-six patients, mean age 50.4 years and 49% female, participated. At a mean follow-up of 122 days (SD 146.3), 35 (47%) were improved, 21 (28% were unchanged) and 12 (16%) were worse. Initial correlation analysis showed some relationship between outcomes and having SSDI or workers' compensation (R=.43, p<.001), lifting requirements at work (R=.44, p=.002), working status (R=-.31, p=.02), and electromyogram evidence of radiculopathy (R=-.25, p=.04). Regression analysis showed that having SSDI or workers' compensation was the primary factor associated with worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: When controlled for SSDI/workers' compensation, lifting requirements at work, but not working status and radiculopathy, also were associated with outcomes but the association was not as strong. This paper brings into question the utility of offering epidural injections to patients who are on SSDI/workers' compensation and require heavy lifting at work.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Hostility and violent ideation: physical rehabilitation patient and community samples.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relative frequency of violent ideation [VI] in physical rehabilitation and community samples, and to identify associated factors. DESIGN: Analysis of variables from the Battery for Heath Improvement using MANOVA, ANOVA and chi(2) analyses. SETTING: Medical sites in 30 US states, and community sites in 16 US states, overall representing 36 US states. PARTICIPANTS: 527 physical rehabilitation patients suffering from both acute and chronic pain conditions, and 725 community members. Subjects from both groups were drawn from a larger pool of 2,262 subjects. INTERVENTIONS: None. OUTCOME MEASURES: The Hostility scale and a VI critical item from the Battery for Heath Improvement (BHI). RESULTS: The patient group reported significantly more violent ideation than did the community group. VI was also significantly associated with involvement in workers' compensation or personal injury insurance systems, work conditioning programs, the BHI Hostility scale, and a number of other psychosocial factors. CONCLUSIONS: Recent research supports the contention that there is a relationship between ideation, angry affect, aggressive behavior and delayed recovery. Thus the presence of VI in the patient should be a cause for concern, and has clear ramifications for those working in the clinical setting. Primary prevention should involve not only the identification of hostile patients at risk for VI and aggression, it should also involve identifying programs or systems where a higher incidence of VI is likely to be observed. As VI was found to be associated with a range of variables, including characterological disorders, mood and social conflict, a further evaluation of factors contributing to VI would be recommended prior to intervention.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

[Patient classification and analysis of risk profiles for type 2 diabetics as the main focus point in practice. Results of the TEMPO study].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Disease management programs (DMP) e. g. for diabetes mellitus, should be the clinical and economic basis for a structured treatment. This article shows results of specialized outpatient treatment using a risk factor depending patient classification. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Diabetes associated co-morbidities, micro- and macrovascular complications, the results and findings of blood pressure and metabolism of glucose and lipids, as well as all treatment-associated costs of 5245 type 2 diabetics were collected for a period of 12 months, accompanied by different measures of quality control. For documentation in the centres, all available original data were used as local data sources. RESULTS: The patient classification system, on which diabetic risk profiles are based, covered 74.3 % of all type 2 diabetic patients. Daily direct costs for all treatment measures ranged between EUR 4.79 (primary prevention) and EUR 8.96 for patients suffering from advanced diabetic foot syndrome. Most of the treatment costs arose from prescriptions of pharmaceuticals, other remedies and aids. Specific strategies of therapy were both related to the severity of co-morbidities and the time since manifestation of diabetes (r = 0.486; p < 0.01, two-sided). The share of patients receiving diet and exercise only decreased from 22.8 % (primary prevention) to below 10 % of patients suffering from microvascular complications. Simultaneously, the share of patients receiving insulin increased up to 81.8 % of patients suffering from advanced diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSION: The risk profile specific variation in the results clearly shows the need of a risk factor depending classification system for type 2 diabetes, which could be useful to reform and focus the system of compensating payments between health insurance companies more and more on morbidity, or on risk profiles.

Adult↗