PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Database Management Systems”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

An efficient algorithm for mining closed itemsets.

This paper presents a new efficient algorithm for mining frequent closed itemsets. It enumerates the closed set of frequent itemsets by using a novel compound frequent itemset tree that facilitates fast growth and efficient pruning of search space. It also employs a hybrid approach that adapts search strategies, representations of projected transaction subsets, and projecting methods to the characteristics of the dataset. Efficient local pruning, global subsumption checking, and fast hashing methods are detailed in this paper. The principle that balances the overhead of search space growth and pruning is also discussed. Extensive experimental evaluations on real world and artificial datasets showed that our algorithm outperforms CHARM by a factor of five and is one to three orders of magnitude more efficient than CLOSET and MAFIA.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

A UML profile for framework modeling.

The current standard Unified Modeling Language(UML) could not model framework flexibility and extendability adequately due to lack of appropriate constructs to distinguish framework hot-spots from kernel elements. A new UML profile that may customize UML for framework modeling was presented using the extension mechanisms of UML, providing a group of UML extensions to meet the needs of framework modeling. In this profile, the extended class diagrams and sequence diagrams were defined to straightforwardly identify the hot-spots and describe their instantiation restrictions. A transformation model based on design patterns was also put forward, such that the profile based framework design diagrams could be automatically mapped to the corresponding implementation diagrams. It was proved that the presented profile makes framework modeling more straightforwardly and therefore easier to understand and instantiate.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1988

Experimental identification of technical and database factors that can affect the success of clinical computer systems.

The entry of clinical data into computer systems is an extremely demanding form of transaction processing. High speed is important, especially if the collection involves real-time data. Clinicians must feel that they intuitively understand a system and that it is responsive. Medical data must be easily accommodated without sacrificing accuracy or completeness. Most systems cannot do this. Clinical systems that involve on-line storage of data from patients should employ data-base technology. Systems that lack any of the following capabilities will not succeed: manual data entry, a data dictionary, a file system, utility functions, ad hoc query, and a statistical report generator. These general capabilities must satisfy a number of specific functional requirements if the entire system is to be a success. A group of such requirements have been experimentally validated. These will be discussed and a more comprehensive list presented.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2000

Demystifying the hospital information system/radiology information system integration process.

Most organizations planning to implement picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) are aware of the need to integrate the hospital information system (HIS) and radiology information system (RIS) with the PACS, yet few are acutely aware of the challenges associated with this requirement. This report highlights the results of collaborative efforts between Children's Hospital Medical Center-Cincinnati (CHMC) applications specialists with expertise in the HIS and CHMC information system, radiology staff familiar with the enterprise and radiology workflow and data flow requirements; and General Electric integration engineers familiar with the SMS HIS and RIS, and GE PACS. CHMC received Board approval, including full funding of the entire PACS project, in October 1998. An aggressive time frame for installation was established, as CHMC's PACS leadership committed to the selection, design, and implementation of PACS and computed radiography (CR) within 18 to 20 months. CHMC selected GE (Milwaukee, WI) as its PACS vendor in July 1999, and began its implementation in November 1999. We will present the four-stage integration process undertaken at CHMC: (1) planning the integration effort, (2) designing the Interface, (3) building the interface, and (4) testing the Interface.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1999

A generic digital imaging and communications in medicine solution for a bidirectional interface between the modality and the radiology information system.

The Relay is a generic Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)-compliant software package. It is a bidirectional interface between the modality and the radiology information system (RIS) that uses DICOM modality worklist and modality-performed procedure step services. This device can eliminate discrepancies between patient demographic information contained in the RIS and that entered at the imaging modality. The Relay receives the worklist for a modality from the RIS. It verifies the accession number (ACC#) and medical record number (MRN) received from the RIS for a study against the ACC# and MRN entered at the modality after that study is pushed to the Relay by the modality. If the values for the ACC# and MRN contained in the image header coincide with the values stored on the RIS, the patient demographics and study protocol contained in the RIS is downloaded into the image header. The study is then automatically routed to the specified destination without technologist intervention. Images whose header does not coincide with data on the RIS are flagged for subsequent reconciliation by the technologist. When the study is completed, the Relay updates the status of the study in the RIS, if the RIS provides DICOM performed procedure step service. When required, the Relay is able to split a single study into two or more series and assign each an ACC#. Other Relay functionality includes sending studies to multiple DICOM devices, adding comments to the image header, and DICOM print service. Should the archive be unavailable to receive images for whatever reason, the Relay can store studies so image acquisition can continue without interruption or it can divert studies directly to a diagnostic workstation. This Relay provides redundancy and fault-tolerance capabilities for picture archiving and communications systems. It is vendor-independent and will function with any DICOM modality, RIS, or archive.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

Multiresolution wavelet analysis for efficient analysis, compression and remote display of long-term physiological signals.

Increased inter-equipment connectivity coupled with advances in Web technology allows ever escalating amounts of physiological data to be produced, far too much to be displayed adequately on a single computer screen. The consequence is that large quantities of insignificant data will be transmitted and reviewed. This carries an increased risk of overlooking vitally important transients. This paper describes a technique to provide an integrated solution based on a single algorithm for the efficient analysis, compression and remote display of long-term physiological signals with infrequent short duration, yet vital events, to effect a reduction in data transmission and display cluttering and to facilitate reliable data interpretation. The algorithm analyses data at the server end and flags significant events. It produces a compressed version of the signal at a lower resolution that can be satisfactorily viewed in a single screen width. This reduced set of data is initially transmitted together with a set of 'flags' indicating where significant events occur. Subsequent transmissions need only involve transmission of flagged data segments of interest at the required resolution. Efficient processing and code protection with decomposition alone is novel. The fixed transmission length method ensures clutter-less display, irrespective of the data length. The flagging of annotated events in arterial oxygen saturation, electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram illustrates the generic property of the algorithm. Data reduction of 87% to 99% and improved displays are demonstrated.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

[Data sources in epidemiology].

The use of large databases has a high potential for future epidemiological research. Databases consisting of primary data as well as routine data that are mainly collected for administrative purposes will be of interest. This paper presents some large databases and some that are most relevant for epidemiological research, respectively, and shows how they might be exploited for research purposes. To make better use of large databases there are new requirements and challenges that we have to face regarding appropriate methods for their analysis. Some examples of such methods are given. An example of pharmaco-epidemiology illustrates linkage of several administrative databases and specific problems that have to be solved in this context. Finally, future challenges are discussed that have to be overcome on the way towards establishment, maintenance and analysis of large databases, especially regarding data protection, data quality and regular updates.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2005

[Electronic surveillance of nosocomial infections in head and neck surgery and stapes surgery].

BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infection is generally regarded as the most important postoperative complication. Therefore, on 28 December 2002 a German law was implemented requiring the surveillance of postoperative infections in all hospitals. METHODS: The authors propose using stapes and thyroid surgery to monitor the infection rate in a typical Head and Neck Department. A versatile software (CISS) based on MS Word and MS Excel was developed for this purpose. RESULTS: Postoperative infections were retrospectively analyzed for three subsequent years. The present data confirm the results of previous studies that surveillance itself is a powerful tool in reducing the postoperative infection rate. CONCLUSION: The newly developed software provided an easy tool for the collection of infection data. The reported infection rates in stapes and thyroid surgery are representative of ENT clinics in Germany.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed2005

[PACS: storage and retrieval of digital radiological image data].

BACKGROUND: Efficient handling of both picture archiving and retrieval is a crucial factor when new PACS installations as well as technical upgrades are planned. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For a large PACS installation for 200 actual studies, the number, modality,and body region of available priors were evaluated. In addition, image access time of 100 CT studies from hard disk (RAID), magneto-optic disk (MOD), and tape archives (TAPE) were accessed. RESULTS: For current examinations priors existed in 61.1% with an averaged quantity of 7.7 studies. Thereof 56.3% were within 0-3 months, 84.9% within 12 months, 91.7% within 24 months, and 96.2% within 36 months. On average, access to images from the hard disk cache was more than 100 times faster then from MOD or TAPE. CONCLUSION: Since only PACS RAID provides online image access, at least current imaging of the past 12 months should be available from cache. An accurate prefetching mechanism facilitates effective use of the expensive online cache area. For that, however, close interaction of PACS, RIS, and KIS is an indispensable prerequisite.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1997

[Strategy for securing medical documents by electronic signature and encryption].

The paper presents a survey of security strategies for the protection of medical documents which are generated, stored, and exchanged electronically. It is not meant to provide a precise technical background but to give a guideline for interested medical professionals. A systematic approach for the definition of appropriate security requirements is outlined, and generally accepted security functions (services) are described. The major part of the paper is dedicated to a technical introduction to state-of-the-art security mechanisms based on cryptographic methods. Finally, actual implementation problems and perspectives are discussed from a German/European viewpoint.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2001

[Reference manager EndNote 4. Further development and new functions].

Bibliography database managers are used to manage information resources: specifically, to maintain a database of references and create bibliographies and reference lists for written works. It should offer tools that let you find and retrieve references quickly, and it should be able to produce the bibliography in the format required for a particular publication. There are many computer programs, but very few stands out as truly useful, time saving, and work enhancing. One of them is EndNote. The reference manager EndNote 4 was recently released in Germany and, as long-time fans of this excellent program, we upgraded from the previous version. The use of the software package EndNote 4 for Windows is described, and we want to report about our own experiences with the new version of this database manager. The main reason for getting EndNote 4 is its clearly improved functions and features: for instance a new library window, a better search functions, an automatic updates and completion of term lists and an improved identification of duplicate references. Altogether EndNote 4 provides also an excellent combination of features and ease of use.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed2004

Can databasing optimise patient care?

Long-term, prospective databasing of multiple sclerosis (MS) information provides a useful resource for natural history studies. Furthermore, it is the only way to address the question of whether early treatment eliminates or delays the inevitable and irreversible clinical worsening that is the hallmark of the late phase of the illness. Due to the variable nature of MS, it is useful to monitor large numbers of individuals over time. The limitations of single databases may be overcome by regional, national or international pooling of data. In this paper, the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Database Network (MSDN) and the international web-based MSBase registry are described.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Good-Enough RFLP Matcher (GERM) program.

A spreadsheet-based program (Good-Enough RFLP Matcher or GERM) is presented that matches unknown restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungi to a database of known ectomycorrhizal fungi. The program uses three simple methods to determine whether a sample matches a known: (1) Forward Matching: whether every band in the unknown is present in a known sample within a given error range; (2) Backward Matching: whether every band in the known sample is present in the unknown within a given error range; (3) Sum of Bands: whether the sum of all bands in the known and unknown are similar within a given error range. The program is available through the web page of this journal.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed2001

Concepts and data model for a co-operative neurovascular database.

BACKGROUND: Problems of clinical management of neurovascular diseases are very complex. This is caused by the chronic character of the diseases, a long history of symptoms and diverse treatments. If patients are to benefit from treatment, then treatment decisions have to rely on reliable and accurate knowledge of the natural history of the disease and the various treatments. METHODS: Recent developments in statistical methodology and experience from electronic patient records are used to establish an information infrastructure based on a centralized register. RESULTS: A protocol to collect data on neurovascular diseases with technical as well as logistical aspects of implementing a database for neurovascular diseases are described. The database is designed as a co-operative tool of audit and research available to co-operating centres. CONCLUSION: When a database is linked to a systematic patient follow-up, it can be used to study prognosis. Careful analysis of patient outcome is valuable for decision-making.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Information models for data sharing.

How to share/exchange data among different databases is still a critical issue. In the medical domain, there is an absolute need for national/international agreement on standard ontologies, terminologies and data models. A global solution is far from being achieved, but in the meantime there are a number of sub-optimal solutions that can be adopted. In this paper two of them, which have already provided, or are close to providing, practical implementations will be described.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2003

Head and neck nodal station images: guidance for three-dimensional radiation therapy treatment planning.

When we use radiation to treat cancer patients, the irradiated volume usually encloses the detectable tumor and any metastatic areas that are thought to be at risk. Usually, in three-dimensional (3D) radiation therapy, we need to define the clinical target volume (CTV), which identifies the areas suspected of containing microscopic metastasis. We can use a set of computed tomographic (CT) images to define these suspected areas, which we relate to nodal station distributions. The traditional method uses special anatomic landmarks for such definition. This lymph node image guidance method uses a set of CT images to show the relevant nodal stations and find the correlation between the suspected areas and the lymphatic pathways. First, we used CT images from head and neck cancer patients. Then, we designed a program to delineate the regional lymphatic areas in order to distinguish the position of all the major lymph nodes in the head and neck region. These lymph nodes were then used to assist the oncologist in developing treatment references. Finally, we established a database management system to determine the relationships between different lesions and lymph nodes, as well as correlations, with metastatic pathways. Defining these relationships on the CT images provided oncologists specific information that could be used to define the CTV more precisely for 3D radiation therapy.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

A multi-centre, web-accessible and quality control-checked database of in vivo MR spectra of brain tumour patients.

OBJECTIVE: To describe an Internet-accessible database that contains validated in vivo MR spectra and clinical data of brain tumour patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All data from patients entering the INTERPRET project (International Network for Pattern Recognition of Tumours Using Magnetic Resonance, ) were stored in a web-accessible database (iDB) and selected using its query functionality. Criteria for selection were that the case had a single voxel (SV) short-echo (20-32 ms) 1.5 T spectrum acquired from a nodular region of the tumour, that the voxel had been positioned in the same region as where subsequent biopsy was obtained, that the short-echo spectrum had not been discarded because of acquisition artefacts or other reasons, and that a histopathological diagnosis was agreed among a committee of neuropathologists. When the spectra were obtained from normal volunteers or were of abscesses or clinically proven metastases, biopsy was not required. RESULTS: A subset of 304 cases (22 normal volunteers and 282 tumour patients) was obtained. These cases were migrated to another similar database (validated-DB). CONCLUSION: The validated-DB complies with ethics regulations and represents the population studied. It is accessible by neuroradiologists willing to use information provided by MRS to help in the non-invasive diagnosis of brain tumours.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗